Njengoko kwengxowa yomoya ibizwa Umhlaba? Isakhiwo, iimpawu zomzimba kunye nokwakhiwa emoyeni

Yinto akukho mfihlelo emoyeni - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu umhlaba onokuphila. Ngapha koko, kuqulunqo yawo eyodwa inika ithuba ukuphila emhlabeni. Kodwa ke igama umoya ke bume Yomhlaba? Yintoni na kwaye yintoni yahlukile? Yintoni ukwakhiwa iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zomzimba? Le miba umdla kwabaninzi.

Njengoko kwengxowa yomoya ibizwa Umhlaba?

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubomi emhlabeni kunokwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa ukwakhiwa unique zezulu. Kwaye shell igesi sibizwa ngokuba yi-atmosfera. Le nxalenye ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila esijikeleze ngokupheleleyo umhlaba kwaye zisehlabathini nomzimba yasezulwini yi womxhuzulane.

Ngokwendalo, oku iqokobhe kukho imichiza ethile kunye neempawu zomzimba. Njengoko ngokuba imida, akunakwenzeka ngokucacileyo ukubabamba. Kufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba wadibana gqaba-gqaba ngendlela lithosfere kunye kwehayidrosfere. Kodwa ukuze ubone apho iphela kwaye iqala Imvulophu sukube indawo evulekileyo, kunzima kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i umda uthabathe kwintaba ephakame 100 km, njalo-ebizwa apho Karman umgca - kule Aeronautics ndawo akusekho kunokwenzeka.

Emoyeni - air Iqokobhe Umhlaba, ixabiso singabanga nemikhuba. Ngapha koko, asifanele silibale ukuba phantse zonke imizimba yasezulwini zibethwa ionizing nemitha yelanga, ezo lungazitshabalalisa izinto eziphilayo. Kungenxa emvulophini sukube le ray namandla.

Ithiyori ingenzeka komoya

Eneneni, abantu abaninzi esazibuza indlela Umhlaba kwasekwa ingxowa yomoya. Impendulo yalo mbuzo akunakwenzeka ukuba zichanile, ekubeni kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezahlukeneyo malunga ngemvelaphi umoya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Ngokutsho hypothesis ixhaphakileyo, emoyeni lamabanga aphantsi kwasekwa kwiminyaka gidi emine edlulileyo ukusuka yeegesi ekukhanyeni - ezizezi, hydrogen kunye helium, leyo babebanjwe evela emajukujukwini omncane. Ngenxa umsebenzi ophezulu mlilo ukudala ngakumbi kwimvulophu igesi lesibini, nto leyo iye okroqiweyo carbon dioxide, umphunga wamanzi kunye ammonia.

umoya ePhakamileyo wasekwa ngenxa yeenkqubo ezininzi - iikhemikhali reaction (umz, umbane), ukungakhuseleki yelanga, ukuvuza helium yehayidrojini emva kwisithuba omncane.

Khemikhali Ukubunjwa umoya

Ngoku, xa yaba igama bume lomoya le zoMhlaba, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele nokubunjwa kwayo acid, kubhekwa azifani. Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba neegesi ezahlukileyo ifumile umaleko asezantsi kuphela emoyeni. Ngokukodwa, emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo ibe nitrogen (78.08%). Inqanaba oxygen 20,95%. Ezi gesi ezimbini eziphambili.

Ngaphezu koko, airbag umhlaba esingxotyeni kuquka namanye amacandelo - le carbon dioxide, hydrogen, argon, helium, xenon, methane, isalfure nitrogen oxides, ozone, ammonia.

Ulwakhiwo air umhlaba esingxotyeni

Emoyeni lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe umaleko eziliqela, nganye eneyazo uneempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba imichiza.

• EziFihliweyo - umaleko ikufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba. It kuqwalasele 80% zezulu iyonke. Kwaye apha umsebenzi yabantu kunokwenzeka. Phela, kule nwebu buzinze phantse yonke wamanzi uwabonisa (90%). Apha, ukwenza emafini kwezulu. I-ntathu eziFihliweyo inabela-18 km ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngenxa lobushushu ukunyuka-up lifinyele.
• Stratosphere (12-50 km) - umaleko, egqalwa kakhulu inxalenye umoya ezolileyo. Oku kulapho ozone olukhuselayo.
• Thermosphere - inxalenye umoya, nelona qondo liphezulu apho imalunga 700-800 km. Apha, ubushushu waqalisa ukunyuka kakhulu kwandisa, kwaye kwezinye iindawo imalunga 1200 degrees Celsius. Imida kwale maleko na ionosphere ekuthiwa, apho umoya insimbi phantsi kwempembelelo radiation elanga.
• Exosphere - uchithachitha indawo, apho kwintaba ephakame 3000 km ingena ngaphandle komhlaba. Umoya ugcwele kunye neegesi ukukhanya ezifana hydrogen kunye helium.

iimpawu Basic bomzimba yeegesi

Kakade ke, iimpawu ezibonakalayo zezulu ebaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, esazi kubo, siyakwazi ukubona indlela umoya ichaphazela abantu okanye nayiphi na enye eziphilayo. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo emzimbeni iparameters kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo moya, moya, njl Ingakumbi, le parameters siyi zithathelwa ingqalelo ..:

• ubushushu Air lulinganiselwa yi le fomyula ilandelayo: T1 = t - 6,5H (apha t - umoya yeqondo ngaphantsi komhlaba, kunye H - ukuphakama).
• mninzi Air - kukho ubunzima umoya nge-cubic meter.
• Uxinzelelo enokuba ulinganiswa Pascals ukuba, yaye umoya.
• Ukufuma ibonisa umyinge wamanzi kwiyunithi emoyeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukufuma zero kunokwenzeka kuphela elabhoratri. Ukuba uphakamile lo kukoriwe, uphantsi loxinano emoyeni, yaye vice versa.

Hi ndlela leyi, inzululwazi, ngokunika impendulo imibuzo malunga nendlela igama bume lomoya le zoMhlaba, ziziphi iimpawu kunye neempawu zayo - a meteorology. Izazinzulu ukufunda nje emoyeni, kodwa iliso utshintsho yayo rhoqo ezichaphazela imozulu kunye nemozulu.

Umoya nokubaluleka kwayo

Ukubaluleka emvulophini zerhasi umhlaba kunzima kakhulu ukuze zazi. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa ngaphandle umoya ikhokelela kwilahleko osezingqondweni, hypoxia kunye ukonakala kwengqondo vuhlayiseki. Bulelani kuphela ukwakhiwa emangalisayo yemeko eziphilayo uyakwazi ukufumana ioksijini eziyimfuneko kubo.

Ukongeza, i ingxowa yomoya ukukhusela kumphezulu-langa kwimitha eyingo- yesiqalo. Nangona kunjalo, lo umoya udlula isixa ezaneleyo yelanga eyingozi, nto leyo lihlabe umhlaba. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba ukuhla UV uya ukunciphisa ubushushu lulonke kunye lomkhenkce. Ukongeza, phantsi kwempembelelo kwelanga (hi mpimo efanelekileyo) yavelisa vitamin emzimbeni lolusu lwabantu D.

I-ozone nexabiso layo

Kulo stratosphere, nomphakamo 12-50 km ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba, umaleko ozone. Le nxalenye umoya yafumaneka ngo-1912 zizazinzulu French of Fabry kunye Buisson.

Ozone yigesi ezingenambala kunye ivumba elitsarhayo isici. It iqulathe athom ezintathu mpilo. Le nxalenye gasbag ukukhusela umhlaba kwimitha indawo eyingozi.

Ngelishwa, ngenxa inkqubela yobuchule mveliso, eli nani lenyuswa laya isixa izinto eziyingozi, ngokuthe ngcembe itshabalalisa ozone komHlaba an lisesingxobeni emoyeni. Ekuthiwa-ozone umngxuma - ingxaki kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ungcoliseko emoyeni: greenhouse effect kunye nemvula asidi

Ngelishwa, njalo ungcoliseko lomoya, apho ubukhulu becala ngenxa kushishino oluphambili kukhokelela ubunzima kubola. Ezi nguqu yingozi yi greenhouse effect ekuthiwa njalo-. Isibakala sokuba imizimba yasemhlabeni ayikhuphi becala infrared kwamaza spectrum - ingenakusoloko ukungena kwi-atmosfera. Ukwandisa lwee- greenhouse gases ukuba ukufunxa radiation infrared (umphunga wamanzi, carbon dioxide), oko kukhokelela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu umoya iyonke emoyeni ephantsi, nto leyo leyo ichaphazela imozulu.

imvula eneasidi - omnye ngenxa yongcoliseko mveliso lomoya emhlabeni esingxotyeni. Le oxides sulphur kunye nitrogen zikhutshelwa emoyeni zizityalo thermal ngamandla, iimoto, izityalo metallurgical kunye namanye amaziko athile zinokuthi wasabela ngokuba umoya umphunga - phantsi kwempembelelo radiation elanga akhiwa asidi eziwa kunye namanye ehlele.