Zendalo ngokwezibalo ubudala - umahluko ubudala ... its ubudala ngokulandelelana ukusuka ngokwengqondo

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni eyenza yobudala zebhayoloji kunye ngokulandelana. Nayiphi la magama kwinkqubo zokuqwalasela ukuyilwa obungalinganiyo, ukukhula kunye nokuguga. Lo mkhuba utshintsho ezinxulumene-age olungalinganiyo ukuchaza umahluko phakathi kweminyaka nelandelelanayo iminyaka engqondweni.

Ingcamango yobudala eziphilayo

Ubudala - ubude bexesha wokuzalwa komntu naliphi na elinye ixesha. Kuba umntu ngamnye kuyo iye izinga yayo ixhomekeke ezahlukeneyo imiba yezentlalo kunye nasengqondweni. yobudala yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba kuthathwa, nto leyo kumiselwa ubungakanani kwesakhiwo, pathways ezilawulayo, nokomzimba. Mhlawumbi zahlukile lokudla kwikhalenda.

kwabanye abantu

yobudala lwamaxesha - kukho ixesha ukususela yimbonakalo yomntu ozelwe ngexesha elithile yokubala.

yobudala zendalo lwamaxesha rhoqo musani idibana, ekubeni umntu ngamnye uneempawu ezithile ngamnye, izinga ezahlukeneyo wokwaluphala kweenkqubo komzimba, isantya ngokwaluphala.

yobudala lwamaxesha - oku njengenqobo yokugweba ukwenzela uhlalutyo lokukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo kunye nempilo yomntu ezidala. Yeyona inqanaba ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo morphological leyo ukwahlula ngamnye yimpumelelo.

yobudala eziphilayo ephawula inqanaba lophuhliso. umahluko ngabanye kwiinkqubo ukukhula kunye nophuhliso unokuba uluhlu ebalulekileyo. Kumnyinyiva sikhokelo lwamaxesha yobudala eliphezulu buqapheleke kwi ukufikisa. Ngeli xesha kukho ngokutsha kakhulu ukusebenza komzimba kunye morphological omzimba womntu.

Ukuvela elithi

Uninzi labantwana yobudala ngokulandelelanayo nobudala ngengqondo ziyafana, kodwa akusoloko kwenzeka. Kukho abo bakwishumi elivisayo baye nzulu yobudala eziphilayo lwamaxesha. Eli gama laqala ekupheleni kweminyaka 30-40 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Phakathi izazinzulu Russian abaye ukufunda le ngxaki yaba PN Sokolov.

Wakwazi ukunika inkcazo ubudala ngokulandelelana, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa itafile ezizodwa iimpawu ubudala ulwazi imiqondiso ngamandla. Kwisiqingatha sesibini zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, oko wapapasha inqaku ezinxulumene yobudala begazi. Le ngxaki ke isitshixo ukuze ahlalutye iimpembelelo ixesha utshintsho emzimbeni womntu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ekhula, ontogeny simanyene.

Iimpawu ze inqubo yokukhula

Ngexesha inkqubo allometric luphuhliso amalungu kunye namalungu omzimba sasibaxiwe omnye komnye. Ngenxa amazinga ezahlukeneyo ekukhuleni kukho utshintsho zobukhulu emzimbeni. Kukho iinkalo eziqhelekileyo lweempawu zophuhliso ontogenetic womntu:

• ukuqhubeka;
• ntuthuko;
• cyclicality;
• dimorphism ngokwesondo.

Ukuba achaze phambili lwamaxesha iminyaka yobudala ngokwasengqondweni, cinga la magama ngokweenkcukacha.

Ukuqhubela phambili ukukhula kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye namasebe omzimba womntu ngexesha lekhefu ethile, oko oluqhutywa mjelo. Le ephilayo i inkqubo evulekileyo zebhayoloji, ukuphuhlisa ubomi bakhe.

ukukhula ntuthuko yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kuthetha amanyathelo inkqubo hlula okanye periods. Ukuba omnye wabo elingekhoyo, buyela kuwo akusayi kuba kunokwenzeka.

Cyclicity unxulunyaniswa amaxesha onyaka, utshintsho mihla imeko emzimbeni. Ubuntununtunu yeemeko zangaphandle kwaye iqala lubandakanya ukwenza kusebenze isithintelo okanye ukukhula phantsi kweempembelelo uluhlu enkulu iimeko zangaphandle kokusingqongileyo.

dimorphism ngesondo yeyona phawu aqaqambe wesiseko kwabantu. Le nkqubo ibonakala ezingafani zonke izigaba ontogeny. "Sex factor" kubalulekile, abaphandi rhoqo thelekisa amadoda kunye nabafazi babo ngokuhlalutya ingqikelelo yobudala lwamaxesha.

Phakathi iimpawu ezingundoqo, eyayiqwalaselwe zizazinzulu umdla sobuntu ontogeny ukuvuza. Le Dynamics yokuphuhliswa kwabo bonke abantu yahlukile, ukuze sikwazi ukuthetha ukufana kuphela, njengoko ingengabo bonke sele phambili iminyaka yobudala lwamaxesha engokwengqondo lokuvuthwa.

Iikhrayitheriya ekuchongweni yobudala eziphilayo

Ukuba yobudala lwamaxesha umiselwa data yokundwendwela, ngoko esebenzisa iintlobo ukuhlola imeko yobudala ngamnye. Le kulingwa wenziwa ngokwezi khrayitheriya:

• ukuvuthwa, sivavanywe ngokusekelwe ukuyilwa iimpawu zesini eziziisekondari;
• ukuvuthwa skeletal enxulumene iqondo Ukuqina kwe amathambo;
• ukuvuthwa yamazinyo, lacazulula phezu banxibe kwamazinyo, inani kwamazinyo abasisigxina kunye avuthulukayo.

ekuvuthweni Morphological ibanjiwe ngokusekelwe ukuyilwa unyamezelo, inkqubo musculoskeletal, uququzelelo kweentshukumo. uvavanyo lwakhe ingcali kubanika isiseko utshintsho zobukhulu emzimbeni ezithi zenzeke ngexesha intamo ukukhula kade nentloko kwi ukuyilwa olukhawulezileyo amalungu omzimba.

Iimpawu nokuhlola

Iimpawu athi asetyenziswe ukuvavanya ubudala ngokobugcisa umntu kufuneka athobele uluhlu ethile iimfuno. Kwindawo yokuqala, kufuneka axhome utshintsho enxulumene kweminyaka ethile, ezingqinisisekayo nokuba nenkcazelo eneenkcukacha. imilinganiselo Conductivity kufuneka ngokungalunganga kuchaphazela impilo zesifundo, ukuba iimvakalelo zakhe ezimbi yaye ibuhlungu.

uvavanyo Ukhetho yobudala eziphilayo kufuneka nefanelekileyo ukuze isifundo nani liphezulu labantu.

Ukucaciswa yovavanyo

Xa auxology ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ubudala eziphilayo, leyo ukwanelisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iimfuno. Ukongeza wamazinyo, ubudala ithambo Kuqikelelwa ukuba uphuhliso ngokwesondo, ukukhula komzimba kunye morphological, engqondweni kunye nezalathisi kwengqondo.

Ukufikisa kuhlalutywa ngokusekelwe inqanaba lophuhliso iimpawu ngesondo: ukuba ukuguquka ilizwi, xa uqala ukuba sexesheni, uphuhliso kwamadlala mammary, imbonakalo iinwele kule amakhwapha.

Xa kuhlalutywa yobudala bemvelo kwezalathisi ukuvuthwa ezisetyenziswayo mava a iinkqubo ezithile komzimba komzimba.

Kuye kwakho iinzame ukuba enze uvavanyo ngokusekelwe utshintsho ezinxulumene-yobudala microstructures ngamalungu ngamnye, kodwa abazange ukunika iziphumo ezidibanisayo.

yobudala ngokwezibalo yomntu ayisoloko idibana kunye neempawu zayo begazi. Ukuvavanya yobudala ngokobugcisa uthelekiso iziphawuli ezithile abantu behlolisisa kunye nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo ezichongiweyo ukuze ngokobuhlanga, isini, ubudala.

Iimpawu uphando lwangoku

Ukuze uphando iziphumo ziphelele kwaye ichanekile, abaphengululi basebenzisa izalathisi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba yobudala lwamaxesha - ngu "yokundwendwela" salathisi, iimpawu yendalo udla ngokuchazwa kweminyaka yophuhliso. Oku kubonisa isantya ekuziphuhliseni, ukukhula, ukwakheka, ekugugeni ephilayo ngamnye.

abantu ixabiso ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso kunye nokukhula rates kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ontogeny zinokwahluka eziphathekayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba iqela lamantombazana ubudala lwamaxesha - uneminyaka elishumi, kwandula ke ukubunjwa eziphilayo malunga nesiqingatha samalungu kufuneka abe kwicala enkulu (ngaphantsi).

Ngokutsho ukungangqinelani phakathi kweminyaka bemvelo ngokulandelelana, siyakwazi ukuhlola ngobunzulu ngokwaluphala, iimpawu ezisebenzayo lomntu. Umzekelo, izinga eliphezulu ubudala-shifts kwafunyanwa ayevile.

Ukongezelela yofuzo, iminyaka begazi ixhomekeke yokuphila, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ibunjiwe kukhulise abantu. Yena ithathela ingqalelo iinguqu zangaphandle zophendlo lwezifo ezichaphazela umzimba.

Abantu abaye babe ngeminyaka ngokulandelelana kwisiqingatha sesibini yobomi bakhe yahluke kakhulu kwizimo morphological kwaye zisebenza. Abo imbali yosapho HIV ukudityaniswa yokuphila kakuhle, khangela omncinane kakhulu data yokundwendwela.

Phakathi wabonakala eziphambili yokwaluphala yobudala bemvelo ikheswa Kukwaphula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo, kwakunye licuthe kuluhlu adaptation, ukubonakala sifo, basengozini enkulu yokufa, ukunciphisa ixesha lobomi eseleyo.

Iindlela zokuhlola yobudala eziphilayo

Eli gama ngenxa yokuba yobudala lwamaxesha akujongwa nomlinganiselo yokukhubazeka epheleleyo kunye nesimo sempilo kwabantu ezidala. Nokuba ontanga bakhe umahluko olubonakalayo kwesantya utshintsho ezinxulumene-ubudala. yobudala bemvelo ukulinganiswa akanakusebenzisa kubantu ungaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Uvavanyo zesi salathisi kubalulekile ukuba oonontlalontle, amagqirha, likuvumela nokuxilonga zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuze baqhube amanyathelo zentlalo-ucoceko, ukukhangela iindlela uyolule yokuguga.

Ukuba yobudala eziphilayo emva isalathiso ngokulandelelana, unako ukubala ngayo ubomi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwesikhumba, ngelishwa, abantu ngaphambili kakhulu abadinga unonophelo ezongezelelweyo kunye nengqalelo.

Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenjongo iwashi lomzimba kunye nekhalenda kubangela yokuya ulusu ukuguga, livela izimvi, imibimbi abaninzi benziwa. Nangona umsebenzi ezinzileyo zobuchopho kwaye imisipha intliziyo imbonakalo yomntu unika imeko yakhe.

Ukuvavanya yobudala bemvelo yokuqhuba uvavanyo lonyango yabantu olunzulu kunye ebanzi malunga nesigulane eso.

Uphando lwakutshanje kunye nobuchule

Iimvavanyo ezenzelwe ukulungiselela izifundo kwezigulane abandakanya uvavanyo lokukhula, isifuba wedini, ubunzima, igxalaba ubukhulu skinfold ubukhulu.

Ukongeza, loo ngokuhlalutya esebenza parameters zeenkqubo kunye nemibutho efana nezinga yokuphefumla, uxinzelelo esimbaxa, iibhrashi amandla dystrophy, acuity ezibonwayo, ECG, ukungcangcazela onovakalelo, lememori, lengqondo.

Ukususela izifundo zaselebhu ukugqiba iminyaka ngokobugcisa umntu, khetha chemistry igazi, kunye urinalysis.

Ngeli xesha kukho inani elaneleyo mvavanyo, nganye eneyazo iinjongo ezithile neenjongo.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ze-eksperimenti bagxininise khrayitheriya morphological, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo izikhombisi zengqondo ezinxulumene nentsebenzo, ezempilo, lithathelwe loluntu. Le ndawo ayikho njongo, kuba kunxulumene kuphela utshintsho ezinxulumene-yobudala ukuba kwenzeka kwinqanaba eziphilayo.

Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokunciphisa oogqirha baqhuba ukuzimisela ubudala zeekhemikhali ezinobungozi abadala. Ukuhlalutya imeko inkqubo cardiopulmonary, psyche, izitho, inkqubo musculoskeletal, ukuqikelela inani amazinyo enempilo.

isiphelo

Xa ukuhlola yokundwendwela kunye nobudala eziphilayo kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu ngamnye, isini, uhlanga, impembelelo yeemeko zentlalo. ukuvuthwa Psychophysiological ezimiselwe uvavanyo-Kern Jirásek. Bona zisekelwe utshintsho etyhutyha emzimbeni, intamo sehlise izinga lokukhula, ekukhawuleziseni uphuhliso imilenze.

ekuvuthweni skeletal kugqalwa sisalathisi ogqwesileyo ubudala yebhayoloji kuzo zonke izigaba ontogeny. Njengoko ukukhula bone ezilandela iinguqu kweempawu sifake i-X-ray.

Iimpawu imifuziselo utshintsho ezinxulumene-ubudala imbonakalo eziba kwamathambo kunye ukuyilwa stenoses. Kungenxa kwezi zalathisi Sigwetywa ngobume umzimba womntu.

Loo lwamathambo isetyenziselwa ukuchonga yobudala ngokobugcisa umntu ngexesha ontogeny kokubeleka. Nokuguga iza osteosclerosis, kwamathambo, sengozini ezininzi ngokudibeneyo. Njengoko indlela eqhelekileyo ye efumanise yobudala yebhayoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa ukukhula amazinyo. Xa kuthelekiswa idatha enxulumene nomntu othile, kunye nemigangatho sibhalwe kwangaphambili, ukufumana ezinye iziphumo. Kakade ke, kukho ukungangqinelani kakhulu phakathi yokundwendwela kunye nobudala eziphilayo, umzekelo, abantu imisebenzi ubugcisa: amagcisa, ootitshala, kunye namagcisa. Aba bantu bahlala esebenzayo elide kakhulu kunokuba bezimali kunye ezimali.