I-injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kutshanje

I-revolution zeteknoloji, owenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-19, kunye nenani obafunyanwa luli kwakhokelela wayila esi sixhobo luncedo njenge injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Ngenxa kule uluntu iye yakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukutshintsha ihlabathi kwaye wenze linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso yempucuko. Namhlanje, le injini ezisetyenziswa kuphela kushishino ngomatshini, kodwa kushishino, apho ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonke inkqubo chain kwimveliso. Zonke mveliso, izityalo kunye nezinye izixhobo zoshishino zixhomekeke ngqo kwi iiyunithi iinjini ukutshiswa lwangaphakathi, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuphumeza wonke umsebenzi eziyimfuneko.

I-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi uhlobo motor umatshini thermal, apho amandla amafutha carbon ulwelo okanye sukube iguqulelwa kwi umsebenzi ngoomatshini. Ngenxa yokuvutha lwephanyazo lwezibaso kwindawo yokusebenza lombhobho inikwa intshukumo rotationally Buyisela, esilawula ngayo crankshaft. Ukuba oku kakuhle eli injini ebaleka phezu amafutha.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, kunye neempawu zayo eziphambili eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo umntu umzekelo imoto. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba amandla injini kuxhomekeke umthamo isilinda ayo, ngokuba bulkier ngaphezu kokukhona amafutha umxube uya kuyenza, ukuze ifuthe crankshaft, yaye uya komelela. Ukuba uthetha injini zoshishino, ezo efakwe kwizityalo ngamandla, izityalo mveliso, bayisile ematyeni ezibandayo kunye nezinye izibonelelo, amandla ulinganiswa amakhulu ezininzi enjini.

Xa umsebenzi inkqubo sesiphi na isibaso motor ngokuyimfuneko luquka injini kunye ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Ukususela kule nkqubo, usike isixa esikhulu ubushushu ukuthintela nobushushu le injini nto yenziwa kobubi ibhatyi okhethekileyo. Ngenxa yesi senzo itankana okupholisa, kunye injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi unako ukusebenza ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ukongeza, le yinxalenye nayiphi na injini inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze ukuba kunciphisa ukuba banxibe izinga zonke ezihambayo. Umgangatho oyile injini ixhomekeke kakhulu, ngoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo injini ukuvelisa oyile ezahlukeneyo esenokuba zokwenziwa, semi-zokwenziwa nezimbiwa. I-injini entsha, ngokuqhelekileyo iphenjelelwa oyile bezimbiwa, kuba oko kunika amalungu entsha ngamafutha omnye komnye. Kamva, indawo yayo nge zokwenziwa okanye semisynthetic, kuxhomekeke iimfuno umenzi.

Yonke imishini olu hlobo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini ezinkulu:

1. injini-stroke Two komlilo. Ifakiwe, ngokuqhelekileyo kwizithuthi ukukhanya uhlobo ngesithuthuthu, basaba, ngezithuthuthu kunye ngezithuthuthu. lomcimbi kuquka crankcase, apho kumacala omabini imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ngenxa iisilinda iibheringi crankshaft. Nganye kwezi iisilinda kukho piston yona kwitoti metal belted amakhonkco ezizodwa, ibephakathi emseleni. Bona ukuze yeegesi zeemoto mandingaweli umsantsa phakathi koomatshini piston kunye nesilinda. Le yokugqibela oludityaniswe intonga yokungena ngokusebenzisa bushing ezizodwa (umnwe), nto leyo edlulisela isindululo rectilinear ukuya crankshaft.
2. ngesibetho-Four yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini. Kuye isakhiwo ngxuba, ngenxa kuyo yonke isindululo ojikelezayo-translational oluqhutywa-4 kumjikelo iwotshi. Ukuba injini ezo baxhotyiswa zonke iimoto, ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo ibonelela ngamandla eliphezulu, apho kuyimfuneko ukuhamba kwezithuthi enzima.

iinjini Modern ukutshiswa yangaphakathi rhoqo ukuba ngcono, kukhokelela kwinqanaba eyandileyo ukusebenza kunye nesikhundla inyuswe. Nangona kukuba xa uthathela ingqalelo okusingqongileyo lwembono, ukuba neziyilimazayo indalo zitshabalalise okusingqongileyo, solo abahlala kwindawo yokuqala ngokubhekiselele kwisicelo phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye iimbono iinjini. Iimoto zombane ungakwazi ukukhuphisana nabo, ngokuba umthamo asezantsi kakhulu.