Monuments of History and Culture of Karelia. izikhumbuzo Petrozavodsk

emantla Russian nangoku ugcina kwizakhiwo zayo yamandulo ishicilela iziseko kunye nezithethe. Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha kuwe inxenye amangcwaba kwimbali nenkcubeko yase Karelia. Oku ayiniki mdla kuphela kodwa ulwazi.

Ngokufutshane malunga Karelia

The Republic of Karelia, ezikhumbuzo zembali kunye nezenkcubeko zitsala amawaka abakhenkethi kunyaka ngamnye, yenye yeendawo ezininzi athandwa yokufunda kunye nolonwabo.

Le ndawo ibekwe kwi kumntla-ntshona eRashiya kwaye ethandwa hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yobuchule bendalo, kodwa izakhiwo zokwakha, yoonongendi kunye nezinye yokufuna ulwazi nenkcubeko kumantla yokuqala.

Ngapha koko, siya kuba nawe uya simazi ezintathu olondolozo lwembali umdla siqithi. Ukongeza, siza kutyelela ezinye iindawo ezimangalisayo kwikomkhulu weRiphabliki - isixeko Petrozavodsk.

uBhileham

Russian North basoloko wachukunyiswa ngokuphuma kwabo. Monuments of History and Culture of Karelia ikakhulu zimelwe nezakhiwo bokwakha. Omnye wabo kubekwe phezu kwiziqithi ye Valaam leziqithi.

Into yokuqala etsala kwaye owuthanda ilizwe, oku indalo. Akumangalisi ubume bendawo immortalized kwi imisebenzi izidanga ze-St Petersburg Academy of Arts. Phakathi kwazo kukho loo ababhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle Shishkin, Gines, Vasiliev kunye nabanye.

Kwezi ziqithi emva kwinkulungwane yeshumi baqalisa ukuhlala esakhiweni Orthodox. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba yenziwe yonke uluhlu izakhiwo emangalisayo. Le lomculo ukunyanzela kunye ufefe lwaso kwagxininiswa kuxhotyiswa kakuhle 'umoya Russian "lokwenyaniso.

izakhiwo Local babatshababalisa izihlandlo eziliqela. Okokuqala Bayitshisa balwa ngenkulungwane ye-17. Kanye, phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-18, baye atshiswe ngomlilo. Kodwa oku akuzange kube nafuthe ubomi zendawo. iimonki ikhuthele emsebenzini wonke yaphila, kwaye namhlanje yoonongendi kunqumka mangaza abakhenkethi nabasemzini.

Kwanele ukuba bathi kwi Valaam Nqabakazi phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, wakhulela ivatala ngaphandle zokugcina. Oku phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi kubume siqithi ubunjwe kakhulu yamatye kunye namatye. Le ithe apha ziye ukwazile ukwakha ngomaleko kumhlaba otyebileyo, ephethe nje umhlaba encinane evela emhlabeni nomsinga.

Isiseko of the lomculo bokwakha zezi: yoTshintsho Cathedral kunye neeveranda, uPetros noPawulos Church, iBandla Ingqikelelo Emnye oyiNgcwele.
Ukongeza, kwi-19 eyadini yomzi ngenkulungwane, apho kukho iihotele, intlanzi kunye zobisi ifama lasekwa, amanzi aphilileyo.

Kizhi

Ethetha zesikhumbuzo kwimbali nenkcubeko yase Karelia, singakwazi akakuphosi State Historical-Zokwakha kunye ngenkcazo Museum-Reserve. On Kizhi island namhlanje ihlabathi umlando - na lomculo izakhiwo ngamaplanga.

Ngaphandle izakhiwo sacral, isekhona apho ilali zokuhlala. Kwaye ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwi-siqithi waqalisa ukuzisa izindlu zabo yamaplanga, apho ezilulutho zembali. Ngoku Kizhi yenye ezinkulu iimyuziyam open-air eRashiya.

imiboniso zawo zibonisa ukuba inkcubeko, imbali, izithethe nobugcisa lonke Karelia. Ngokukodwa, unako ukufumana izinto zasekhaya Russian, yimveliso Karelian kunye Vepsian leyo ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 apha yakhiwa Church of the yoTshintsho, apho ezingamashumi amabini anesibini uphahla zakhiwe. Neminikelo zokwakha yayo yaqokelelwa ngoncedo balapho. abathengi abazizityebi wayengazange.
izongezelelo Kamva ukuya lomculo, le yecawa kunye intsimbi nenqaba zakhiwa. Kukholelwa ukuba le complex imele indalo kumafa yayo.

Ngaphakathi reserve kukho phezu asixhenxe izakhiwo, anamakhulu mahlanu imifanekiso, ngaphezulu kwama-30,000 nemiboniso ngenkcazo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba xa siqithi biyela ngasentla. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo emibini enesiqingatha, xa phezu lizwe waduma revolution kunye imfazwe, akazange phantsi nokuhlaselwa. Nditsho pilot Finnish, wafumana isabelo kuqhunyiswe kule ndawo, akazange nithobela umyalelo kuba yahlaselwa ubuhle izakhiwo.

Solovetsky Islands

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingongoma sethu esilandelayo umdla bobabo kummandla Arkhangelsk. Yaye ezikhumbuzo kwimbali nenkcubeko yase Karelia iye yafika kuphela ngenxa kwindawo yayo. Isiqithi Valaam, Kizhi, Solovki zenza kunye ingoma epheleleyo.

Ezi ziqithi elidume hayi kuphela izakhiwo zalo ibandla. Kwakukho inkampu ekhethekileyo injongo, kwakunye entolongweni, abakuqeqesho zesikolo. Le nqaba, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-16, ndamelana yamelana armadas akwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi Swedish lwaphela.

Kwindawo ebekelwe bucala ezinde emangalisayo. Umthi, owakhulayo amasebe amabini evela kumacala ezahlukeneyo buti kwindawo esinekona sasekunene. Eneneni, yenza umnqamlezo, oko kwasekwa ngokwemvelo. Lendela bathi yiNkosi wamvusa kwimemori bonke ukholo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba oku kwenzeka xa urhulumente zavalwa umboniso inzondelelo yonqulo.

Nqabakazi iqulathe iziqithi ezininzi, ezifana ezinkulu amaNcinane Zayatsky Zayatsky, Anzersky, Muksalma kunye nabanye. Ngaphandle isigodlo, bona entlango nezigodlo. Konke oku complex yokuyilwa ukusukela 1992 iphantsi ukhuselo UNESCO.

ibandla lika Karelia

Ukuxoxa amangcwaba Republic of Karelia, ingakumbi exabisa wayeka kwi iicawa zayo, yoonongendi neetempile. Xa utyelela nayiphi na kwezi zindlu, kubonakala ukuba kukho ukudibana ngoyena ndoqo Russian Orthodox.

Ngaphambili, sele wayeqhelene ngokufutshane kunye kwizakhiwo mihle kwi Solovetsky Islands, Valaam kunye Kizhi. Nazo zonke ezi ezikhumbuzo wagqwesa ixabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko akwenzeki, sihlala mbane zininzi iindawo bafanelwe ingqalelo.

Oku kuqala amabandla kunye enzelwe ezilalini kwiziqithi kummandla basikelelwe. Umzekelo, ulwakhiwo e Olonets, EKemi, Povenets, Vygozero nakwezinye iindawo.

Ukuxoxa amangcwaba Karelia (ezinye iifoto aboniswe kweli nqaku), akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba ikomkhulu kwiriphabliki - Petrozavodsk. Oku kuya kuba yokumisa elandelayo wohambo wethu omncinane.

Museum of Arts Fine e Petrozavodsk

Yasungulwa ekwakheni Izabelo yangaphambili 1960. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ingcaciso yayo itotali malunga 12 amawaka izinto, kunye mali yamathala eencwadi - ngaphezulu kwe-17 amawaka amaxwebhu.

iisampulu Karelian iconography kunye nobugcisa kwi lomboniso apha, kwakunye imiboniso zobugcisa Russian ukususela kwinkulungwane XVIII ukuya namhlanje.

In kwiiholo obandayo lolondolozo lwembali ungabona ii icon Segozero iinkosi Zaonezhye kunye kummandla Olonets, nto leyo yenza i indlela ekhethekileyo qela. Kwinkcazelo kwezobugcisa kunye yobugcisa kufaka izinxibo, neempahla, nangokukrola kunye nokukrola kwi yobhedu ezinde amaxolo.

The National Museum

Eli ziko yasekwa ngo-1871 kwaye ibekwe endlwini irhuluneli eyayisakuba. Enyanisweni, imbali imyuziyam yasekuhlaleni.

Nazi ukubhentsiswa enezityalo nezilwanyana ka Karelia, ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala, kwakunye neekopi, ebonisa imbali weRiphabliki.

Uya kubona izinto petroglyphs twisiseni kunye nempahla emangcwabeni emhlabeni Oleny Ostrov. Isebe Imbali uya kukwazi ukufunda ngendlela inkqubo kwenzeka Petrovskaya Sloboda ukuba abe Petrozavodsk. Kukho kwakhona iholo enkulu elungiselelwe elidlulileyo le dolophu, nto leyo odumileyo nje ishishini kunye neemyuziyam.

Okulandelayo sijonga kwezinye ezikhumbuzo Petrozavodsk. Bonke bephela ayinakuchazwa, siya bachukumise phezu kakhulu zithandwa.

Ezikhumbuzo kunye nezikhumbuzo e Petrozavodsk

Enye idumileyo ke umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka-Peter 1 in Petrozavodsk. Yakhiwa kwiminyaka 1872-1873 ukuba isikhumbuzo 200th lokuzalwa komlawuli. Le lesikhumbuzo igubha ekuhlengahlengiseni nguzwilakhe kule buthelezi. Ukuba akukho isigwebo uPetros imikhumbi ukuqala apha, ngubani owaziyo ukuba wayeza kuba namhlanje simelwe Karelia.

Emva koko, kufuneka ukhankanye ilitye lesikhumbuzo uLenin e Petrozavodsk. Yena i ibali umdla. Ngowe-1930, bezakhiwo kunye Manizer Ilyin ukudala umyalelo wakhe Karprofsoveta. Kuba zokwakha iibhloko 14 lenyengane, geni ngamabanjwa Gulag, kunye Goltzes siqithi kokuba ithunyelwe. Ngethuba umsebenzi (1941-1944 gg.) Amajoni Finnish dismantle litye lesikhumbuzo, wayibeka yinxalenye icala. Endaweni yawo wavalelwa a howitzer.

Kodwa emva kokuba loyiso ngo-1945, lo lesikhumbuzo yaphila, yaye umsebenzi wokulungisa wakhokela Manizer efanayo.

Ngaphandle kwezi zesikhumbuzo ezimbini isikhonkwane, Petrozavodsk yi okuninzi amaxabiso imbali ngakumbi.

imikrolo Park

eweni Onega, ngokusebenzisa emehlweni eyothusayo, ivula nayo, ngenkulungwane XIX, uye waba yindawo owuthandayo amagcisa. Ekuqaleni kwale imyuziyam zidityaniswe phantsi kwezulu wabeka lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu.

Emva kokuba yakhiwe imifanekiso ezininzi, ezifana "Ukuzalwa Petrozavodsk", "trick wethamsanqa", "Umanyano", "Intlanganiso iNdawo", i "Shicilela ixesha", "Abalobi" njalo-njalo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uninzi lwezi zesikhumbuzo eyanikelwa amagcisa emizini udade Petrozavodsk. Phakathi kwazo zokuhlala ezifana Duluth kwi-US, Muiran eNorway, iLa Rochelle eFransi, kunye nabanye abaninzi.