Lomsebenzi enengqondo. Umsebenzi basic logic

isayensi yekhompyutha njenge inzululwazi yokuqokelela ubuchule, ukucwangcisa lokuchophela ezahlukeneyo data uqala ukuphuhlisa ngenkulungwane ye-yamashumi amabini. Nangona abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni ukuyilwa wenzululwazi computer sabekwa ngenkulungwane ye-17, kunye kokusungulwa wokubala yokuqala zomatshini, uninzi iyihlanganise kunye yokuguga ngakumbi ubuchwepheshe computer. Kule 40 zenkulungwane yama-20, kunye kokufika iikhompyutha yokuqala, isayensi yekhompyutha iye yafumana umfutho omtsha kuphuhliso.

Isifundo yokwazisa isifundo

Kwaba nokufika iikhompyutha zokuqala kuye kwayimfuneko ukuba ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha systematization, ukubala kunye nokulungiswa iisethi zedatha elikhulu, ngokunjalo kuphuhliso ubuchule inokuvumela amandla ngokupheleleyo iikhompyutha ezintsha. Yokwazisa wafumana iwonga isiyalo zenzululwazi ozimeleyo, yaye Ixhume womgca izibalo ukufunda ekubaleni i-jikelele.

Isayensi yekhompyutha mihla isekelwe kwimisebenzi ubhalo. Bangakwazi kothiwa icandelo esisiseko. Xa udweliso, iinkqubo zekhompyutha ingqiqo yokusebenza logic - yinto intshukumo, nto leyo eyenziwe emva kokwenza ingqiqo entsha okanye ixabiso kwakheka kwi isiseko concepts ezikhoyo. Iqela izenzo ezinjalo ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke element iprosesa wokuphumeza imiyalelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye imisebenzi ziqhelekilyo phantse zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo. Lo msebenzi, nto leyo ukusebenza enesiqulatho silixabisile ngokwabo, ezifana ukuphika, okanye ezo Ndiyijike iingqiqo ubuninzi abalinganiswa - dibanisa, thabatha, nande, hlukanisa.

Operands zemisebenzi ubhalo

Ekubeni logic algebra kuthetha umsebenzi lweengcinga abstract, ngoko operands ezi ntlobo data ngokubanzi yonke imisebenzi ubhalo. izinto Classical, usebenza iingxelo algebra kukho iingxelo, zobuxoki okanye oyinyaniso. Bombane kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo ukuba inkcazo la magama isetyenziswa variables seBhulin ixabiso lokwenyaniso nolobuxoki okanye yexabiso 1 (oyinyaniso) kunye 0 (lobuxoki). Kwindibaniselwano ezi zithethe, Nakuba njengoko kuvakala unakho, umsebenzi ibotshelelwe kwiindlela ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ezinkulu isikali. Yonke inkqubo ikhowudi esiqhutywa kwikhompyutha okanye nasiphi na isixhobo i-digital dynamically kucacisa ulandelelwano yabo kunye zero - ikhowudi jikelele apho kusingathwa nayiphi processing.

Types of imisebenzi ubhalo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, kwi-classical algebra Boolean , kukho 2 iintlobo kwemisebenzi. Umsebenzi ubhalo eziphambili kwiindidi idata yokubini - iintshukumo ezichaphazela ingxelo ngokwayo (unary, okanye akatshatanga, operation). Oku kwakhona imisebenzi eza iingxelo ezintsha ngenxa lwamaxabiso ezikhoyo (imisebenzi yokubini, okanye iwele). Umyalelo we imisebenzi ubhalo kuyafana xa usenza izibalo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ngenxa kwizibiyeli.

I ilula kwaye ngomnye weyona misebenzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Boolean logic umsebenzi yokukhanyela. Lo msebenzi elula logic ixabiso ahlukeneyo we- igalelo. Ngo-elektroniki, esi senzo maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba inversion. Umzekelo, ukuba gqiba esixhasayo "inyaniso", umphumo 'owaphula ". And vice versa - le kuphika yexabiso 'bobuxoki' kuya kubangela ukuba ixabiso "oyinyaniso". Olu sebenziso iinkqubo ubhalo lidla kusetyenziselwa eyayizalwa algorithms kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe "ukhetho" iseti elandelayo imiyalelo ngokwesiseko iziphumo ezikhoyo okanye iimeko zatshintsha.

operation binary

Xa computer kwaye usebenzise iseti eliqingqiweyo lokubini (yokubini) imisebenzi. Got igama labo amagama Latin bi, elithetha "ezimbini", kwaye uhlobo lwemisebenzi thabatha iimpikiswano ezimbini igalelo aze abuyele siphumo ixabiso elitsha. Kuba achaza ngayo yonke imisebenzi algebra Boolean isebenzisa iitafile inyaniso.

Into abayifunayo

Le nkqubo yenziwa ukuba isixa esithile input operands aze achaze onke amaxabiso onesiphumo, nto leyo ukubuyela umsebenzi kwangaphambili logic xa uthe Ukuseta ukubhala parameters.

Imisebenzi ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo kwi computer kunye computer iteknoloji zizinto Ukongeza ubhalo (disjunction) kunye phinda ubhalo (isihlanganisi).

beqhuba

Umsebenzi ubhalo "AND" - lo ngumsebenzi ezikhethiweyo elingezantsi operands ezimbini okanye n igalelo. Lokungena lo msebenzi kufuneka ezimbini (function yokubini), iinqobo ezintathu (izithathu), okanye inani mda of operands (n-qibo operation). Xa kubalwa ngesiphumo umsebenzi kuya kuba zincinane amaxabiso igalelo ekubonelelwe.

Togu kwi Algebra eziqhelekileyo umsebenzi-phindo. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi isihlanganisi elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba phindo nengqondo. Xa umqondiso umsebenzi yokurekhoda izenzo okanye phinda uphawu (indawo) okanye ampersand. Ukuba netafile inyaniso ngenxa lo msebenzi, kuya kubonakala ukuba lo msebenzi imiselwe ku "bokwenyaniso" okanye 1, kuphela inyaniso yonke yokufaka operands. Ukuba ubuncinane omnye input parameters ngu zero, okanye ixabiso "ubuxoki", ngesiphumo msebenzi uya kuba 'ubuxoki ".

Oku kubonisa umzekeliso arithmetic phindo: phindo, kwaye naliphi na inani iiseti zamanani ukuya 0 ngenxa usoloko ubuyela 0. Lo msebenzi logic aluguquki: indlela apho liya kuthi linikwe igalelo parameters akuyi kuchaphazela isiphumo lokugqibela ukubala.

Enye inkalo lo msebenzi wenziwa associativity, okanye associativity. Lo mhlaba ivumela ukubalwa ngolandelelwano lwe imisebenzi ayithethi ithathele ingqalelo umyalelo yovavanyo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ezilandelelanayo umsebenzi uphinda-phindo ubhalo-3 okanye ngaphezulu akukho mfuneko yokuba athathe ingqalelo kwizibiyeli. Xa udweliso, lo msebenzi lidla kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalelo ezithile wabulawa kuphela xa isambuku kweemeko ezithile.

disjunction

Umsebenzi ubhalo "OKANYE" - uhlobo umsebenzi Boolean, nto leyo efana ukwengeza aljibra. Amanye amagama lo msebenzi - Ukongeza ubhalo, loo disjunction. Ngokufanayo, njengoko ukusebenza ubhalo phindo, disjunction inokuba lokubini (ukubala ixabiso isekelwe iimpikiswano ezimbini), izithathu okanye n-qibo.

Le inyaniso iyidandalazise kulo msebenzi kusengqiqweni ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na eyenye isihlanganisi. Umsebenzi ubhalo "OR" ubala isiphumo ilungileyo phakathi wempikiswano enikiweyo. Disjunction ifumana ixabiso output "bobuxoki ', okanye 0 kuphela xa onke parameters izimvo ezifunyenweyo kunye amaxabiso 0 (" bobuxoki "). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko imveliso iza kufunyanwa yi ixabiso "oyinyaniso", okanye 1. Ukurekhoda lo msebenzi amaninzi kusetyenziswa uphawu nokungokwezibalo Ukongeza ( "dibanisa") okanye iziqwengana ezimbini ezithe nkqo. Uhlobo yesibini isagquba ezininzi iilwimi kweenkqubo kwaye bakhetha kuba likuvumela ukwahlula ngokucacileyo ukusebenza ubhalo lwe arithmetic.

Iimpawu jikelele imisebenzi ubhalo

imisebenzi logic Basic, ingaba unary, yokubini, izithathu okanye eminye imisebenzi, kuxhomekeke imithetho ethile kunye neepropati ezichaza ukuziphatha kwabo. Enye ezinjalo iipropati ezisisiseko ubephethwe imisebenzi logic echazwe ngentla-are Ihlelo.

Olu phawu iqinisekisa ukuba lo msebenzi lobeko ubeka ixabiso we- akatshintshi. Asingabo bonke abasebenzi babe kule ndawo. Ngokungafaniyo isihlanganisi kunye disjunction ukuba banelise iimfuno commutativity, umsebenzi of matrix phindo ayikho, kwaye ngokutsha imiba kulo msebenzi iya kuqulatha ngenxa utshintsho, ngokunjalo exponentiation.

Umba ngakumbi

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo, nto leyo isoloko isetyenziswa elektroniki kunye busebenze, na ngaphantsi leeperi imisebenzi ubhalo mithetho De Morgan.

Le mithetho ubophe izibini imisebenzi logic ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi kuphika ingqiqo, esetyenziswa ukuchaza umsebenzi ubhalo usebenzisa enye. Umzekelo, umsebenzi ngokusebenzisana kuphika inokuchazwa yi kuphika disjunction operands ezahlukeneyo. Ngezi imithetho ukusebenza ubhalo "AND", "OKANYE" kwaye vzaimovyrazheny unako masiphunyezwe iindleko hardware encinci. Lo msebenzi osemqoka uluncedo kakhulu kwi kuyilo wesiphaluka, njengoko ikuvumela ukugcina izibonelelo ekubaleni kwaye ukuyilwa neetshiphusi.