Izityalo zokuzala: isicwangciso soshishino. Iifudu ze-Turkeys: ukuzala, iimeko ezikhulayo, amatye (ifoto)

Okugqithisileyo ngakumbi kwishishini kwifama yenkuku, njengento yokuzalisa i-turkeys. Njengeshishini lishishini elinenzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda yonke into ngokubanzi. Ekhaya, kunye nezicwangciso zasemakhaya kunye neefama ezizimeleyo ezinkulu, iintlobo zee-turkeys, ezizaliswayo, azive zinzima.

Le ntaka inomdla kakhulu ngenxa yenyama yokutya, eyona yincwadana enomsoco kwaye ilungileyo. Ngako oko, kwabanye abantu abashishini bezakhono, ukukhula kungenza ibe yindlela enkulu yokuvelisa imali.

Azikho iinkukhu, kodwa iitokisi

Ukuzaliswa kwale ntaka kwaqala eMelika. Wayehlala ekhaya malunga neenkulungwane ezilishumi edlulileyo. EYurophu, intaka ye-turkey yafika kuphela ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, emva kohambo lwesine lweColumbus. Xa lo ndwendwela waya ecaleni laseMerika, wayeqinisekile ukuba yiIndiya. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba le ntaka enkulu enkulu yaseMerika ibizwa ngokuba njalo. I-Turkey okanye iTurkey - ngummeli omhle kwaye ozukileyo weentaka, okwenyani, ongenakuhamba.

Le ntaka inomdla kakhulu inkululeko kunye nendawo enkulu. Ubukhulu kunye nexesha elifanayo ummeli omkhulu kunye onamandla kunazo zonke ze-feathered, i-turkey yangoku (ukuzaliswa nokugcinwa kwezinto ezifuna ulwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono) kuhlaziye kwaye kuphuze ngakumbi kunoyise.

Inkcazelo

Inkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwale ntaka ibangele ekudalweni kwenani elitsha lenkcubeko elitsha, eyahlukileyo phakathi komnye ngokukodwa kumbala weentambo kunye nobukhulu.

Nangona i-turkeys yokutya inyama, amaqanda, phantsi kunye neentsiba nazo ziyaxabiswa. Izidumbu zazo ziqulethe ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini kwenyama, malunga neshumi elinesihlanu - i-fat fatcut and more than ten-inside.

Iifudu ze-Turkeys, ezizaliswayo kwi-industrial scale ngenjongo yokufumana amaqanda ayinanzuzo, zibonakaliswa ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkcitho encinci kwindlovu.

Izinto zeentaka

Njengeenkukhu, ama-turkeys athathwa njengolukhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abawucongi umhlaba kwaye bangadli njengeyokugqibela. Iifudu zihamba kakuhle emadlelweni nakwizityalo zasemasimini, ezingonakaliyo, njengoko zingabambi amagatsha abo. Apho bahamba ngokwaneleyo baze bafumane ukutya okufanelekileyo.

Isakhiwo seAnatomical

Imilenze ye-turkeys, ende neyomeleleyo, iyakulungelelwa ukulwa nemida ebanzi. Unomdla kakhulu umlo wemilenze, ngokukodwa ukukhula okukhawulezayo, tibia kunye ne-tibia. Emagqabeni enqama, kukho amathambo aqinile kwaye aqinileyo okukwenza ukwazi ukuthwala ubunzima obukhulu bomzimba, ukunqoba imida edeleyo. Imisipha kwi-intaka yeentaka iqukethe i-zinc eninzi, eqinisa amathambo kunye neeton. Yingakho inyama yayo ekudleni komntu ngumthombo obalaseleyo wale nto.

Uhlobo

Kukho amaninzi ama-turkeys. Ezi zininzi ezimhlophe-ezibiniweyo, kunye ne-Big-6 enzima, kunye ne-BYuT-8, njl. Uninzi lwazo lwalususwe ngokukhawuleza. Enye yezona ziqhenqileyo zi-turkeys ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, ezinokuthi ikhaya labo li-United States of America.

Olu luhlobo luba neempawu eziphezulu zeenyama, ukukhula okwaneleyo kokukhula kunye neqanda elihle lilele. Nangona kunjalo, ii-turkeys ezimhlophe, ezizaliswayo zifuna ukudalwa kweemeko ezithile, zifuna kakhulu ngokutya.

Kule nkcubeko, iingcali zihlukanisa iintlobo ezintathu zeentombi: ukukhanya, okunzima nokuphakathi. Ukwahlukana kwabo okona kubalulekileyo iimpawu zokuzala kunye nenyama.

Olunye uhlobo - i-North Caucasian bronze - phakathi kwabakhiqizi beenkukhu zasekhaya ziyaziwa ixesha elide. Ilungelelanisa ngokukodwa ekudleni umxholo. I-trunk ebanzi ye- bronze turkey ixiliswe, kunye nemigudu efanelwe ngokusemgangathweni nomzimba.

Ukuzala

Kakade ke, ii-turkeys azithandekanga kwiimarike, ngokomzekelo, iinkukhu, kodwa inyama yazo ifuna ukuphakama. Ukongezelela, esi sibonakaliso sikhula minyaka yonke, ngokukodwa kwimigacities.

Izityalo zokuzalisa (njengeshishini) zingaqalisa ngokuhlola imfuno yalo mveliso. Kulula ukuhamba kwiimarike zokutya kunye nokucela iiminyama zenyama zingaphi iintsuku ngosuku abathengisayo. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukucinga umgangatho wokhuphiswano, kunye nokufunda umbuzo wendlela yokuthengiswa kwee-turkeys, ixabiso elithintekayo. Ukuba kulo mmandla kukho kakade ifama enkulu yenkukhu, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhuphisane nayo. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukushiya lo msebenzi kwaye uqhubekele kwenye into. Ukuba wenze isigqibo sokwenza oku, uya kufuneka ube ngumrhwebi wangasese kwaye ukhethe inkqubo yerhafu.

Indawo

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeengqungquthela ezikhulayo-ngaphandle ngaphandle kwendawo yokutya kunye namagumbi axhomekeke ngokukhethekileyo. Ikhetho lokuqala lifanelekileyo kuphela kubahlali bemimandla efudumele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ama-turkeys amelana neemeko ezincinane zokushisa - ukuya kuma-degrees e-15 ngaphantsi kwe-zero ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba ngcono ukuba zigcinwe kwiimeko ezizinzileyo. Ngoko ke, ifama yaseTurkey, ixhotyiswe kakuhle-eyona nto ingcono. Oku kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela.

Kwaye kwisehlotyeni, xa isitrato iphakama ukuphakama ukuya kuma-degrees anesihlanu nangaphezulu, ama-turkeys, apho ukuzalisa nokugcinwa kweendleko kudinga iindleko ezithile, zidluliselwa emoyeni ovulekileyo - kunye neeseli kunye nomtya ongasentla.

Lwezilwanyana

Kwipeni ngalinye kufuneka uhambelane nenani elithile leentaka. Imfuyo inokuhlulwa ngokwemiqathango yeminyaka. Izinyoni ezingekabikho inyanga kwelinye igumbi azikhuthazwa ukuba zigcine izicucu ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu, ezimbini-malunga ne-10, nangaphezulu-malunga nabantu aba-5.

Ukuqwalasela ukuba ubume beqondo lokushisa kufuneka kugcinwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingqalelo ingqalelo nje iindleko zokufudumala, kodwa kunye nokugxinwa kweendonga zendawo, ukuze ukwazi ukugcina ixesha elizayo.

Uhlalutyo lwemarike

Njengawo nawuphi na uhlobo loshishino, iimali-mali ezithile zentengo zifuna ukuzaliswa kwama-turkeys. Isicwangciso soshishino kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo iintlobo zemveliso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kukho iinkukhu ezininzi kunye nama-broilers kumashalofu namhlanje. Kukho ukhuphiswano olukhulu kule shishini leenkukhu. Ngoxa i-turkey ezitolo zingabonwa njalo kwaye kungekhona kuyo yonke indawo, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mntu ukukhuphisana nayo. Nangona kunjalo, umntu oshishino-mthengisi kufuneka aqikelele isicwangciso sokuthengisa kwimveliso yakhe.

Umenzi unako ukunika umthengi le ilandelayo ntlobo yeempahla: amaqanda kunye ne-offal, iintsiba kunye nezantsi kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, inyama. Ungakwazi ukuhambisa iimveliso kungekuphela kwintanethi yokuthengisa, kodwa nakwiindibano zokusebenzela ezivelisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, ukuvelisa izityalo okanye ukuzithengisa nge-intanethi yakho yokuthengisa.

Isiphambili sokuphumelela kwipulazi esandul 'ukutshaya iya kuxhomekeka ngokubanzi kwisicwangciso soshishino esilungileyo. Ngokubanzi, ngokweengcali, ukuzaliswa kwale nkukhu enkulu kuhluke kuzo zonke iindidi zemisebenzi yezolimo: kule meko ihlawulwa kakhulu.

Izigaba eziphambili zeenkqubo zobugcisa

Ukongeza kwendawo, ukuze ukhule ngokukhawuleza uhlalutyu, umqashi wokuqala wezoshishino kufuneka aqwalasele inani leemfuneko ezibalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokungenakwenzeka ukuphumeza ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweli shishini.

Izigaba eziphambili zeenkqubo zobugcisa zilandelayo:

• Izixhobo zesakhiwo nazo zonke iinkonzo ezifunekayo, ezifana nombane kunye nokuphuphuma umoya, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukufakela nokushisa iifowuni.

• Ukusekwa kwamanzi okuzenzekelayo, kwaye ukuba kukho into enjalo, ke ke uyondla: oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi abasebenza kwifama, oko kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukugcina umvuzo.

• Qinisekisa ukucoca rhoqo kweeseli: kuyimfuneko ukugcina ubungqina obukhulu.

• Izixhobo zesicwangciso esikhethekileyo seenkukhu zihamba.

• Ukuba nezilwanyana eziqinisekisiweyo eziza kubeka iliso kwimeko yee-turkeys kwaye ziqale ukuziphatha ngeempawu zokuqala zokugula, ukukhusela imeko.

• Ukukhethwa kwondlo oluphezulu kuphela: iingcali zincoma ukuba kuncinane kunokwenzeka kunikeze (okanye kungabandakanyi ngokupheleleyo) izongezo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezibekwe ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kweenkukhu.

Ukuqwalasela yonke le mithetho ebalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo, oomashishini bexesha elizayo uya kuba nako ukuseka ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweshishini lakhe elincinci, apho iphrofayili yayo iya kuba yi-turkeys yokuzalisa.

Kuphi ukuthenga omncinci?

Kufuneka kuthengwe kuphela kwii-incubators ezikhethekileyo. Ezi ziinkampani ezinkulu ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzisana neefama ezininzi, okanye iifemu ezincinci ezizimeleyo ezibandakanya ukuzalisa iintlobo ezithile zeentanki.

Kodwa nangona kunjalo ukuba kwiifemu ezizimeleyo kunokwenzeka ukuthenga imfuyo engabizi ngexabiso, iingcali zicebisa ngokufanayo ukuba zijongane nabalimi abakhulu. Oku kuza kusombulula kwixesha elizayo, xa kuthengisa amaqanda okanye inyama, umba kunye nesatifikethi semigangatho kunye nesivumelwano sezilwanyana. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, kukubambisana neenkunkuma ezinkulu ezinokuthi kukho iingxaki ezimbalwa ngokulungiselela amaphepha afanelekileyo.

Kufuneka siqwalasele nokuba abantu abadala bahluka ngokulinganisa: lo mpawu uxhomekeke ekuzalweni kwezilwanyana eziselula. Bahlulwe ngo:

• Ukukhanya, amabhinqa anesisindo ezintlanu, kunye namadoda - malunga neekhilogram ezilishumi;
• Umyinge: sixhenxe kunye neshumi, ngokulandelanayo;
• Iikhilomitha ezili-15 kunye ne-31 kg.

Iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala zeentaka zithandwa kakhulu kwaye ziwayo.

Izixhobo zombane kunye nokutya

Ukuqala ukukhula kwee-turkeys, kufuneka uqale uthenge itekiti efanelekileyo. Kumele ifake i-incubators kunye ne-autopilot, amacwecwe kunye nabaxhasi, i-heaters kunye nezibane, kunye ne-thermometers. Konke oku kunika iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokukhula kwee- turkeys. Into ekhethekileyo kwiplani yeshishini yinto yenkcitho, oko kukuthi, iimali eza kuhamba ukuthenga ukutya kunye nezongezelelo zamaminerali.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobuchwepheshe banamhlanje kuya kuvumela umntu osomashishini ukuba enze imveliso yakhe, kwaye idale imimiselo enjalo yomsebenzi obalulekileyo wale nkukhu, oya kunceda ukufumana iimveliso eziphezulu kuphela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucinga kwangaphambili malunga nokokutya ukutya kunye neendlela zokuzinyamekela. Emva koko, oku kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wenyama, kunye nenani lamaqanda.

Kodwa ngelanga, izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokutsha zibiza kakhulu. Kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba akuyiyo yonke into yokuqalisa ishishini elinokukwazi ukuwufumana.

Ngokubhekiselele kokutya, ngoko ke, ngaphezu kwazo, ii-turkeys zidinga iivithamini. Akuyimfuneko ukuyigcina kweli candelo kwicala lokutya, kuba ezi ntaka "aziyiziqhamo."

Ngoko ke, xa kuphuhliswa isicwangciso soshishino, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekufeni kweentaka. Ngokomyinge, iipesenti ezilishumi ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu zeentloko azihlali kwindawo yokukhula.

Abasebenzi

Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuqhelekileyo kwee-turkeys, umlimi ozayo uza kufuneka afune i-zootechnics, ugqirha wezilwanyana, kunye nomphathi, umphathi wezentengiso kunye nomqhubi, oza kuhambisa izinto kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthengisa. Inani lezandla zokusebenza, eqinisweni, lixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wemisebenzi kunye nenani lemfuyo.

Isicwangciso soshishino

Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola ngenyameko inzuzo yenkampani evulekileyo, umqashi wokuqala kufuneka ahlalutye zonke iindleko kunye nemali engenako.

Kwimfuneko yeendleko kuya kubakho ukubandakanya indleko yokuqeshisa indawo kunye neentlawulo zomsebenzi, ukulungisa ifama ezayo, ukuhlawula abasebenzi, ukuthenga nokufaka izixhobo eziyimfuneko, ukuthengiswa, ukuthenga ukutya kunye ne-multivitam, nokulungiselela onke amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Xa ubala ingeniso kwisicwangciso soshishino, kufuneka uqikelele ngeniso yemali kunye nenzuzo yenyanga ngenyanga ekuzaleni le ntaka.

Izigqibo

Ukulima kwee-turkeys yinkampani enenzuzo, inzuzo yayo malunga nekhulu okanye ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingcipheko ethile, umzekelo, izifo zemfuyo ezingabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Yingakho udinga ukuthenga kuphela izilwanyana ezincinci kuphela: i-turkey, intengo yayo iya kubonakala inenzuzo kakhulu, ekugqibeleni ingabonakali-igula okanye ayifanele ukugcinwa. Ukongeza, ugqirha wezilwanyana kufuneka asebenze kwifama.