Itotshi usulelo. Itotshi izifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Itotshi izifo: Iziphumo kokuhlaziya

Phantse amabini ukuya kweethathu ekhulwini lokuzalwa okungavumelekanga kwe-fetus yi-infinital infections. Abaninzi babo abaneentsholongwane ezisemgangathweni bayingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye ukuphindaphinda kwama-herpes kungasongela kwinkqubo yokubeletha okanye ixesha lokugqibela. I-ТОРЧ (TORCH) isicatshulwa, igama elifingqiweyo lwezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo nge- intrauterine ezisakhulayo kwaye zimelela ingozi enkulu kumntwana.

UKUPHATHA ukusuleleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Inkcazo yesicatshulwa

• T yi- toxoplasmosis.
• O- nezinye izifo (ezinye), ezi-hepatitis B, C, chlamydia, i-listeriosis, i-syphilis, i-parvovirus kunye nezifo zogonococcal. Kwakutsha nje, uludwe luye lwaxhaswa nenkukhu, intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye ne- enterovirus.
• R rubella.
• C - cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus).
• H i herpes.

Kukho nenkolelo enjalo ukuba UKUBHALA kwezifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubandakanya ezine kuphela kwezi zilapha ngasentla, kwaye ileta ethi "O" kwisicatshulwa ayigqithwanga njengabanye, kodwa yenza nje njengetekisi yesibini kwi-toxoplasmosis yegama.

Ukusetyenziswa kwekota

Njengoko siyazi, nayiphi na umntu unokuchaphazeleka yi-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus, i-toxoplasmosis, intsholongwane yesifo. I-TORCH iyigama elingasetyenziselwa bonke abantu, kodwa kuphela kulabo balungiselela ukukhulelwa nabafazi abakhulelweyo, umntwana kunye nosana olutsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo okokuqala ngqungquthela intlanganiso kunye nezifo eziluhlu zivela nakumntwana okanye ebusheni. Emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ukukhuselwa komzimba kuveliswa. Ukuba intsholongwane yowesifazane yenzeke okokuqala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, izitho zomntwana kunye neenkqubo (ingakumbi i-CNS) inokulimaza, okwandisa ingozi yokukhupha isisu, ukukhulelwa komntwana, ukungabikho komntwana, ukulimala.

Ukuba owesifazane okhulelwe unesifo sobunzima be-TORCH, iindidi ezinokungena emzimbeni womntwana zijikeleza ngokuthe gxalala egazini. Ukuba oku kwenzeka, udla ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa kwakho. Le meko iyinkimbinkimbi yinto yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ze-pathological are absent, kwaye ingxaki ibonakaliswe kuphela xa uvavanyo losulelo lwe-TORCH lwenziwa.

Ukuqhuba ukuxilongwa

Ukuze uphephe uxinzelelo kwixesha elizayo, kucetyiswa ukuba ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okanye kwi-trimester yokuqala ukuba uviwo, ukufumanisa ukuba sele unesifo sokusuleleka kwi-TARC-infection or complex. Ukuba kwakunjalo, ngoko unokuphefumula ngokukhululekile: akukho nengozi. Ukuba akunjalo, qaphela impilo yakho kwaye uthathe amanani amanyathelo okukhusela. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuziwa kwi-toxoplasmosis, imigaqo ethile kufuneka ilandelwe, eya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka; Ngokuphathelele i-rubella - kunokwenzeka ukubeka inoculation, njl. Kwakhona ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubalulekile ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwiimeko zempilo malunga nezo zifo ezingenawo amaqumrhu okukhusela ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuba ubonakalise ingxaki ukuba uya kuvela ngokukhawuleza. Abaninzi abafazi banomdla kwiindleko zokuhlalutya ukusuleleka kwe-TORCH. Ixabiso le-diagnostic eziyinkimbinkimbi lihluka ukusuka kwiibhola ezi-2 ukuya kwii-5.

Uphando lweLebhu

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokusuleleka akukho zibonakaliso zeklinikhi. Ezinye i-lymph nodes zanda, iqondo lokushisa likhuphuka, ukugqithisa kubonakala, kodwa iimpawu ezinjalo azikho nto, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa kubonakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwangaphandle.

Uhlalutyo lweLebhu lwe- TORH luquka ukugqibelela (iimboti) zamanqindi egazini kwii-agent ze-rubella, i-herpes, i-toxoplasmosis kunye ne-cytomegalovirus. Ukuba izifo zengqungquthela zikhoyo, ke lona wesifazane osele ngaphambili sele ehluphekileyo esi sigulo kwaye unokuzikhusela. Kodwa ukuba i-antibody titer ikhulu kakhulu okanye ikhula kancane kancane, inkqubo leyo isebenza ngeli xesha elithile. Ukuba akukho zixhobo zokulwa nazo zonke, kusasa kakhulu ukuba ujabule. Emva koko, kubakho isigxina sokugula ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ngendlela, ubunzima beempawu azihambelani nezinga lokungcola kwe-fetus kwiigciwane. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iimeko ezininzi xa amabhinqa ebonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo kwesi sifo, kodwa abantwana bahlala bephilile, kwaye ngokufanayo, xa izigulane zingayigcinanga nayiphi na imiqondiso, kwaye iziqhamo zachaphazeleka kakhulu.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Zonke iindidi zezilwanyana ezinama-homologous amakilasi ama-immunoglobulins, oko kukuthi, zenziwe ngaphambi kokuba iintlobo zezilwanyana zihlulwe zibe yizilwanyana. Oku kubonisa imfuno yamagciwane okuza kuphila. I-immunoglobulins iiprotheyini ezikhethekileyo eziveliswayo xa umzimba udibana ne-arhente. Ama-antibodies akhethekileyo, oko kukuthi, asebenza kuphela kwi-arhente ethile. Ukucacisa ubungqina, igama le-immunoglobulins (Ig) longezwa egameni le-pathogen apho benza khona.

Ngoko, iiklasi ezintlanu ze-antibodies ziyahluka: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE. Iintlobo zokuqala ezintathu zibaluleke kakhulu. Kwisifundo sebhubhorha sokusuleleka kwe-TORCH, ukuchazwa kweziphumo kusekelwe kwiimpawu zeeklasi ezimbini ze-immunoglobulins: IgG ne-IgM. Kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuphendula komzimba, izixhobo zokulwa nezifo ezahlukeneyo zivela. Bakho egazini ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, okwenza ukuba ingcali ikwazi ukuhlalutya idatha ebonisa ukuhlalutya kosulelo lwe-TORCH, ukuchonga ixesha losulelo, ukuchaza kwangaphambili ingozi kunye nokuchaneka imilinganiselo yokwelapha.

Imigangatho ye-IgM ne-IgG

Kungekudala emva kokunyuka kwenkqubo ye-pathologi ye-IgM, bafikelela kwinqanaba labo ngeveki yokuqala okanye yesine (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokusuleleka), kwaye emva kokunciphisa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ubuninzi bobukho be-IgM kwisixa esibalulekileyo kunye nezifo ezithile zingasinda. Kwaye ke uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngenyameko lwe-IgG kwi-ejenti yokuxhasayo luza kunceda (ngakumbi iinkcukacha malunga nalo siza kuthetha ngezansi).

Ukubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwe-IgM egazini kwenza kube lula ukuxilonga isifo esele sisekuqaleni. IgG ibonakala kamva - ngeveki yesithathu emva kokusuleleka; Umgangatho wabo ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa baqhubeka egazini bathatha ixesha elide (kunye nezifo ezithile zihlala ubomi).

I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kunye ne-enzyme immunoassay (ELISA)

I-PCR iyakwazi ukubona ngokuthe tye izifo. Ukucacisa iziphumo, nangona kunjalo, ayisoloko isinika iimpendulo kwimibuzo ekhoyo. Ngoncedo lohlalutyo olunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukungabikho okanye ubukho kwi-Organic ye-DNA ye-pathogen kunye nokuba ufumane uhlobo lwawo, kodwa, umzekelo, akunakukwazi ukuhlula ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yentsholongwane. Uphando lusebenzisa igazi, umchamo, ukukhutshwa kwi-cervix okanye kwisini. Ukuchaneka kweziphumo kuba ngama-90-95 ekhulwini. Indlela ye-PCR iye yazibonakalisa ekufumaneni izifo ezingenangqondo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo. Yiyiphi impawu (kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu), ikuvumela ukuba unqume nokuba nenani elincinci lezilwanyana.

I-ELISA isetyenziswe xa kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba leprogram ye-pathological. I-ELISA isekelwe kwingcaciso yamachiza e-antibodies kwi-agent ye-causative yesifo. Izinto ezifundwayo zokufunda zikhutshwa kwi-cervix, isisini, i-urethra.

Sekunjalo, iziphumo ezithembekileyo zifunyenwe ngophando lwegazi malunga nosulelo lwe-TORCH. Emva koko, i-antibody iqukethe i-serum yegazi. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, ugqirha unokugqiba malunga naluphi uhlobo lwesifo owesifazane ohluphekayo (esiqatha okanye esingapheliyo), ukuqonda ukuba isifo siyasebenza okanye ukuba isigulane sisona sithwala isifo sosuleleko. Xa ukhulelwe, igazi kufuneka lihlolwe kwi-dynamics, kuphela ngale ndlela kuya kubakho ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Ukuba i-antibody titer yanda ngokukhawuleza, ngoko kukho ingozi.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Ugqirha unokukwazi ukutshintsha ngokuchanekileyo iimvavanyo zokusuleleka kosuleleko. Ukuchithwa kukufuna ukuba khona kolwazi oluthile, kwaye wena ngokwakho unganakuqonda ukuba yintoni. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iingcali zikhetha uviwo olongezelelweyo. Ucebisa kwakhona icebo leendlela zokukhusela. Abafazi abakhulelweyo abangenayo i-antibodies kwintsholongwane ethile kufuneka bahlawule ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo kwindlela yokuphila enempilo ngexesha lokukhulelwa: ukuhamba kakhulu, ukuphuma emoyeni omtsha, ukuthatha iivithamini eziqinisa isistim somzimba, nokutya nokutya ngokufanelekileyo. Ukufumana i-prophylaxis ye-toxoplasmosis, kwongezelela ukuba kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yococeko, thintela ukunxibelelana neekati. Kwakhona, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kufuneka uhlale unika igazi kwisifo sosulelo lwe-TORCH ukwenzela ukuba ubambelele kwimeko yoko, "uwathathe" kwaye uthathe inyathelo. Ukuqhubela phambili siza kuxela ngokungakumbi malunga nefuthe lentsholongwane ethile kuluntu.

Toxoplasmosis

Olu suleleko lwe-TORCH complex is a rare rare in pregnancy. Nangona isifo siqhelekile, ngokweminye imithombo, ichaphazela iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantu bonke ehlabathini. I-agent causative yi-toxoplasm - i-parasite, eyona mpahla oyintloko kwikati yasekhaya - kwi-organism yayo ivelisa i-parasite ize ikhutshwe kwindawo yangaphandle. Unokusuleleka ngophe inyama (ngaphantsi okanye ngaphantsi), izandla ezingcolileyo. Ukuba umntu une-immunity efanelekileyo, i-toxoplasmosis ayinayo ingozi, unokugula ngaphandle kokukubona. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yixesha elilodwa lokugula, apho, emva kokusuleleka kosuleleko, ukhuseleko olungapheliyo luveliswa.

Eyona imeko kuphela apho i-toxoplasmosis iba yingozi yintsholongwane yokuqala xa ikhulelwe. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba oku, njengoko sele ekhankanywe ngaphambili, amancinci. Ngokwezibalo zedatha, ukusuleleka kobunzima be-TORCH ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangoku kwenzeka kuphela kwi-1 pesenti yabasetyhini. Ukuba isifo senzeke ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhulelwe, umntwana akasongeli nantoni na. Kwaye ukuba isifo senzeke kamva, ngoko ingozi incike kwixesha elithile lokukhulelwa i-toxoplasm ingena emzimbeni: ngaphambili, iphakamileyo yengozi yemiphumo emibi ekusulelekeni kwintsholongwane, kodwa isezantsi ithuba lokuba le ntsholongwane iya kwenzeka.

Usulelo kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinambini lubonwa njengeyona yingozi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-toxoplasmosis isoloko ikhokelela ekuphuhliseni izilonda ezinzulu emehlweni, i-spleen, isibindi, inkqubo yesantya emntwaneni, kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo iholele ekufeni komntwana. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha badla ngokuncoma ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa komzimba. Oku kwakhona kuphinda kuqinisekisile imfuneko yokuvavanya ukusuleleka kosuleleko ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Iziphumo ziza kubonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe ngoku okanye zilinde iinyanga ezintandathu.

Rubella

Esi sifo sesifo sifo sithengiswa ngemali, sibonakaliswe ngukubonakala komzimba kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Njengomthetho, ukukhubazeka kuhamba ngokulula kwaye kungenakonakala, emva kokuba umzimba uhlakulele ukhuseleko lokukhusela umzimba, kwaye sele sele unokwenzeka ukuba ungakhathazeki malunga nosulelo lwesibini. Enye into xa usuleleko luvela ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Zonke izifo ezithintekayo kubantwana zingakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwephulo, kodwa i-rubella ifile nje. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, amehlo, intliziyo, izicubu zeentlungu ze-fetus ziyachaphazeleka. Usulelo lwe-trimester yokuqala lubonakaliso olupheleleyo lokupheliswa kokukhulelwa, kodwa ukuba usulelo luya kwenzeka kamva, alukho nengozi ebomini bomntwana, kodwa kunokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka, kuquka ukuphuculwa kokukhula nokukhula. Emva koko kufuneka usebenze unyango olubuyisela ngokubanzi, ukuthintela ukungenakulungeleka kwamaplanga.

Njengakwamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwee-antibodies ukuya ku-rubella kufuneka luqhutywe kwangaphambili, nangona ngexesha lokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa. Ukuba khona okanye ukungabikho kwengozi kunokugwetywa xa uhlalutyo lwenziwe. UKUPHATHA ukusuleleka, kuquka i-rubella, kulula ukuyifumanisa - yonke into iya kubonisa izinga le-immunoglobulins egazini. Uviwo olufunekayo kufuneka lwenziwe ukuba le ntokazi idibana nomntu ophethe urubella. Ukuba kukho iimpawu zentsholongwane ekhuselekileyo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo.

Ukuthintela kwesi sifo sesigciwane kungenakuthintela, ngoko into engcono kakhulu enokuyenza ukuze uzikhusele ukugonya. Kumele ugonywe ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhulelwa. Ukufakwa kwesitofu kuyimfuneko kubasetyhini abanamagazi abo aqukethe i-antibodies kwi-rubella. I-vaccine yanamhlanje iphuculiweyo kangangokuba inika isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo sokukhusela kwaye akufuneki ukuba ibangele imiphumo emibi, ngaphandle kokunyuka okunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokubomvu kwisayithi engenayo. Umkhuhlane okhutshwe emva kokugonywa kuqhubeka iminyaka engamashumi amabini.

Cytomegalovirus

Ukusuleleka kwala mabhinqa abakhulelweyo kubakho umyalelo wokubaluleka ngakumbi kunabanye, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo safunyanwa kuphela ngekhulu le-20. I-Cytomegalovirus idluliselwa ngegazi, ngokwesondo, ngobisi lomama. Umlinganiselo wempembelelo emzimbeni womntu uya kuxhomekeka kummandla wokuzikhusela: ukuba unempilo, isifo seengozi asikho, kodwa ukuba unobuthathaka, intsholongwane ingabetha phantse zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo uninzi lwabantu luyanyamezela isifo ngokulula. Izikhumbuza ezivelisiweyo zihlala ubomi, ngoko isifo asizange senziwe kwakhona.

Kodwa ukuba usulelo oluphambili lwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, imiphumo ingaba yintlekele. Le meko igxininiswe ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokudluliselwa kwe-cytomegalovirus ukuya kumntwana. Ngendlela, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane akunokuvela kuphela kumama, kodwa kuvela kubaba nangona kwenkqubo yokukhulelwa, kuba njengokuba kwindoda yesilisa iqulethe i-agent agent. Kodwa oku kuyenzeka ngokungafanekiyo, ngokuqhelekileyo usulelo luya kwenzeka okanye kwi-membrane yesisu, okanye kwi-placenta. Nangona ngexesha lokubeletha, xa udlula kwi-canal yokuzalwa, usulelo luyakwenzeka, nangona le ndlela iyona yingozi kumntwana. Kodwa isifo sesisu sineempembelelo ezinzima: umntwana ungasifa, okanye umntwana uza kuzalwa ngokuzalwa kwintsholongwane, ebonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza ngeengxaki ezinjenge-dropsy yengqondo, i-jaundice, i-spleen okanye i-fover, ukunyuka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukunyuka komzimba, ukukhulelwa komntwana Kwaye njalo, okanye ukuzibonakalisa nje kuphela ngomnyaka wesibini wesihlanu wobomi. Umntwana unokufumana ubunzima bokuthwaxwa, ukungazivayo, ukusilela emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kwesiberebhu, ukukhutshwa kwentetho. Ngoko ke, ukufumanisa ukusuleleka kwi-TORCH ekukhuleleni kubonisa ukuphazamiseka kwayo.

Kwimeko apho umfazi uye waqhawula ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, kwaye ngexesha lokuzala umntwana, ugula luba nzima, imiphumo emibi njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla ayivuki. Ukuba ngethuba lohlalutyo luya kugqitywa ukuba i-antibodies kwi-cytomegalovirus ayikho, oko kukuthi, ibhinqa ayikaze ihlangabezane nesi sifo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuya kunconywa ukuba iqhutywe yenyanga yoviwo, oluya kuvumela ukuba ingalahlekelwa yinto yesifo, ukuba ikhona.

Ukuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuba umama olindelekileyo usebenza njengomthungelwano okhuselekileyo wosulelo, uya kufuneka enze imizamo engakumbi yokugcina ukhuseleko kummandla ophilileyo. Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaso, i-cytomegalovirus ingaba "nekhono" kumntwana kungekhona kuphela ngumama, kodwa kunye noyise, ngoko ke le ndoda kufuneka ihlolwe kwakhona ngenxa yobunzima bee-antibodies.

Herpes

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba herpes - akukho nokuba isifo, liqela izifo wentsholongwane egazini. Le ntsholongwane Uhlobo lokuqala iboniswe ngohlobo-ekuthiwa ebandayo imilebe, kwaye eyesibini - ngokufuthi kuchaphazela esini (ekwabizwa ngokuba herpes enzala). Usuleleko usasazwa ugqithiselwa emoyeni nangezifo ngaphezu nga kudlula ngumkhaya ukusuka kumama ukuya kwimveku. Ukuba uqhuba karhulumente, i-herpes ngazo ngokwayo izitshanguba hayi kuphela inwebu yangaphakathi kunye ulusu, kodwa yaphula lwangaphakathi amalungu, amehlo kunye nenkqubo luvo.

Xa wosulelwe yintsholongwane, njengoko kunjalo kunye nezinye izifo itotshi sinzima, umzimba lo uphuhliso antibodies ubukhulu becala ukucinezela ngakumbi ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo yezifo. Kaninzi herpes kubangela iimpawu kuphela xa amajoni omzimba buthathaka. Phezu usulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngu izilwa kunye yokupasa ntsholongwane ukusuka kumama ukuya kwimveku, ngoko kwiimeko ezininzi akukho ingozi yokuba umntwana. isoyikiso kubomi kwenzeka kwimeko kwi isanda ukukhulelwa (xa umntwana ongekazalwa zibekiwe zonke iinkqubo kunye namaziko) kukho usuleleko zamabanga aphantsi kunye nonina. Kulo meko, ingozi yokuba umntwana uya kufa okanye umntwana uya kuzalelwa abanala makhwiniba bekhubazekile okanye sengozini, kathathu.

Xa kwisiqingatha sesibini ukukhulelwa kwenzeke usulelo lwe-herpes enzala, kuphula lo amathuba okuba umntwana oya kuzalwa kunye malformations bekhubazekile ezifana ngezifo semehlo, microcephaly, inyumoniya naso egazini, isifo sentliziyo, Cerebral Palsy ubumfama, ukuxhuzula, ukungeva. Usenokuba ikwafumana abasebenzi kwexesha. Ukuba osadaleka Esibelekweni angabekwa kungcoliseko, oko kunokuthi kwenzeke kwangoko ekuzalweni, ngexesha nokuwela emjelweni lokuzalwa. Oku kungenzeka ukuba inkqubo ethwele umntwana umfazi lonyuka herpes angasese kunye irhashalala eGibheyon ngelo kummandla amalungu esini lwangaphakathi kunye wesizalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa inyanga phambi kokuzalwa ekuthiwa bakufumanisayo kwimeko enjalo, umfazi enze uqhaqho ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba usana lwakho osulelwe.

Isigqibo apha ngokufanayo kwiimeko ezidlulileyo: imfuneko makancinwe kokuba akheke, uhlalutyo kufuneka athathe omabini amaqabane. Ekuchongeni usulelo impatho kwenkcazo kugqirha, emva koko kuya kuba lula ukuba ukhulelwe. Kulo mzekelo, uya kuba qiniseka ukuba intsholongwane nto ndinikhathaze ngakufuna nto kuni okanye usana.

Ekuphetheni

Ngoko ke, izifo itotshi basengozini enkulu, ukuba usuleleko kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nqanda iziganeko zimaxongo kuba elula kakhulu: Kufuneka wazi kwangaphambili ukuba ziphathwa indlela omzimba, yaye ezinye - hayi. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe ngoku okanye ukuba ulinde. Qala yokunyamekela impilo yosana elizayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuzalwa kwakhe! Konke ukutyeba!