Itheyibhile ngokulandelana Turgenev. Ubomi Works of JS Turgenev: itheyibhile lwamaxesha

Turgenev bayahlelwa oonyana umdla omkhulu kubaphandi kuba iziganeko isinyibiliko acacileyo ezinxulumene ngqo bayahlelwa entsonkothileyo lokhokho. Ngenxa olunamandla italente abafundi umbhali ehlabathini lonke bakwazi aqhelane imisebenzi emangalisayo bawabone kukhuphiswano zemihla imbali. Kuba phantse engamashumi amahlanu esinalo umbulelo nezoyikekayo sihlale ezandleni iincwadi ozithandayo Turgenev kwaye sifunde kuye ubuchule ukuqonda uzive wobuhle belizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, ukuhlonipha isidima nexabiso inkululeko, njengoko isipho ephakamileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa itafile lwamaxesha

Xa nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na elizibalula yezembali, amanqanaba impucuko okanye ubuchule lommeli ubuciko umphandi hlela mfuneko itafile lwamaxesha. Turgenev ixesha lokuqala aqalile bahlole isikolo, eziklasini zoncwadi. Grade 5 - libali echukumisayo Gerasim kunye Mumu, 6 th - ibali elifutshane "Bezhin engcotyeni", emva koko - "The Bear", "Asia", "" Uthando Kuqala "yaye" Imibongo e iprozi ".

Kwiminyaka kamva, udibane nge embi ngakumbi isebenza - iinoveli, okunyusileyo uzuko iincwadi Russian yaye yaphumelela uthando readers amazwe. Kakade ke, xa kwisigaba ngasinye ukufunda ngobomi yombhali, safunda ngayo izibakala elitsha kusinceda siqonde ngcono umsebenzi wale ndoda ngokungaqhelekanga. uncedo ezibaluleke ngayo apha biographic ngokwezibalo etafileni Turgenev, nto leyo evumela ukuba aququzelele data, ukuchonga amanqaku zibalulekileyo kwaye ukubonisa Dynamics iziganeko.

Ekubeni imvelaphi

itheyibhile Turgenev ngokwezibalo xa usebenza naye eklasini esikolweni, Kakade ke, iqala isiganeko iphambili kubomi nawuphi na umntu - ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe. Le - loqalo lwencopho yonke nxi ngakumbi. Wazalwa umbhali kwisixeko samandulo Russian ka Orel, Oktobha 28 (Novemba 9) ngo-1818. Izinyanya uyise ziphakathi badala abaziwayo, zithandwa ilifa, kanye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yeli lizwe. izinyanya zokubelekisa zange kwahluka i wabanumzana, kodwa baba zizityebi. itheyibhile lwamaxesha Turgenev kufuneka nakanjani iquka ebonisa kwindlwane usapho - Spasskoe- Lutovinovo, eyaba umbhali ukuba umthombo uthando olukhulu iRashiya kunye nentiyo neqhayiya serfdom.

Esakhula

umbhali Diaries ukubhiyozela indima ekhethekileyo ubomi Ivan Sergeyevich unina, Varvara Petrovna Lutovinovo. Xa Uluhlu lwamaxesha Turgenev, sixelele ngokufutshane ntoni lo mfazi engaqhelekanga kwaye impikiswano kuyimfuneko. Ngapha koko, ezininzi iimpawu ubuntu bakhe, yaye abaninzi iziganeko zobomi ziboniswe Amaqhawe boncwadi - inkosikazi "Mumu" Glafira Petrovna of "Nest Noble", umakhulu ka "Punin kunye Baburin." ngubani uyise, kakhulu, ukuba abaseleyo kubomi yombhali yamanqaku negalelo. Ngenxa itheyibhile lwamaxesha Turgenev bangaxeleli ngokufutshane malunga nolwalamano ezintsonkothileyo phakathi kwabo, ngokuba bafumana vangama ubugcisa kwenye iinoveli best ombambazelayo - "Uthando Lokuqala".

amanyathelo Education and yokuqala kudalwa

1827 - i umhla ebalulekileyo kuzo zatshintsha kakhulu Biography Turgenev. itheyibhile lwamaxesha kufuneka siyifake kuba usapho zombhali kulo nyaka waya eMoscow. Kwaye emva kokuba ubomi ngcembe Manor, kunye indlela yayo esekwe kakuhle lobomi, isangqa encinane labahlobo abasondeleleneyo, imfundo eqhubekela ekhaya, kukho asibubudlelane uIvan Sergeyevich ukuya ubukho entsha - kwisixeko esikhulu, kwizikolo zokubhoda zabucala, apho wafumana uqeqesho kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi.

1833 - ukwamkelwa University of Moscow, 1834 - iguqulelwe kwi Petersburg isebe ngomlomo kwicandelo bulumko. Ngexesha le minyaka, lo mfundi uselula iqala ukuzama ngokwakhe kwimibongo drama. A lokuqala umgxeki wayo piotr Pletnev uba kufuphi Pushkina nganye. Ukuqhubeka biography umfundi Turgenev (itheyibhile lwamaxesha ngayo oqondela) sele phesheya, eJamani, apho waye wathunyelwa ngo-1838. Akukho bulumko kuphela, kodwa kwakhona kwintshayelelo lweentsingiselo Western kwezopolitiko, nolwazi iintshukumo inkqubela yezentlalo kunye iingcamango kwenza idabi wokwenene ekubunjweni ubuntu Turgenev kaThixo. Holland, France kunye Italy kananjalo kwadlala indima enkulu kwi umbhali elizayo. Eli xesha loluka, kunye photo Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich wenza umfanekiso ngaye amelwe ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo ngezantsi (K.A.Gorbunov umbhali, 1838-1839.).

Ukuqaphela lokuqala

Amazing, iimviwo ngenxa isidanga umninindlu, umnqweno lokufundisa - konke iwela ekuqalekeni 40. Turgenev - uprofesa bulumko, kodwa eRashiya ke Nicholas umlomo. Kwaye ke Ivan Sergeyevich uba esemthethweni. Kwaye ngo-1843 wapapasha kwi print umbongo "Paracha" - umsebenzi wokuqala oyinyaniso Turgenev, yaye sele echokoziweyo zicwangciselwe character emangalisayo ababhinqileyo, waba igama zoncwadi of "Turgenev girl".

Photo Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich i daguerreotype, yomhla we-1840 minyaka mi. Ukunamathela, ba- vuxiyaxiya, imibimbi furrowed kwaye umsele phakathi kwabo kubonisa ingcamango kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba kungekudala kakhulu, ngowe-1847, amabali aqalile ukuvela, ngoko eyenza le ngqokelela, bezise udumo kunye ingqalelo umbhali - "Imizobo", "Mumu" kunye nabanye. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba bamakishe loo mhla kwi timeline! Emva onke amabali Turgenev - intyilalwazi yokwenene yobomi intsomi, mzekeliso ubomi lizwe, ukubhengezwa ubuqili kwingcingane wendoda elula Russian.

Link to Spasskoye

Igama umbhali ethatyathwa kumhloli karhulumente serekhodi, waza wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni kwilifa usapho de kwasekupheleni ekwindla ngo-1853. Herzen ayikho ngenxa nto ebizwa ngokuba amabali Turgenev kaThixo "kukuveza serfdom." Ngomhla bayahlelwa izilima, wabatshabalalisa amathemba kwenkomfa ubomi etha "Raspberry Water" yaye "Ermolai kunye Miller." "Singers" ubuhle Amazing zokomoya ngetalente yabantu elichazwe emsebenzini. iziphumo zomonakalo serfdom Lusuka bali zonke.

"Amanqaku a Hunter" waba negalelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo umbhali asukuzana ongenalusini nxamnye ubukhoboka lihlazo. Ngoko ukuze ufumane ukuphunyezwa "ithawula isifungo", oku okwangoku Turgenev ebutsheni bakhe. Kwaye enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Kula mabali sele waziva ngesandla yeNkosi - imvumi omhle indalo Russian, kunye nesimbo emangalisayo, amabinzana, apho abaphandi ekwabizwa ngokuba "Turgenev." enye VG Belinsky ngokufanelekileyo kakhulu italente zoncwadi zombhali.

"Le ngohlangothi yomnye indlwane"

ubomi Turgenev bakhe - uphendlo ngonaphakade inyaniso, umnqweno ukuqonda i "umphefumlo twisiseka Russian kwabantu." Yena italente ekhethekileyo: ukuba uqaphele, ukuziva izimvo nje asakhasayo ingcinga yezentlalo, ukubona abalinganiswa emitsha evelayo eqongeni lomzabalazo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, kwaye ukubonisa kwabo imisebenzi yabo. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ungalibali malunga logic nangokwasengqondweni iprozi Turgenev kunye nemibongo zobunjani yakhe ebalisayo. Kodwa - ngothando.

Umxholo uthando yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kuzo zonke iinoveli zombhali, xa abaninzi kweenoveli zakhe. Love iqwalasela ixabiso abalinganiswa zabo, ngokuvumelana umntu omkhulu rank. Yi ubomi zobuqu zabalinganiswa zayo, Ivan Sergeyevich sinyanzelisa iimfuno kakhulu zingqongqo. Kutheni kunjalo? Mhlawumbi, ngokuba ubomi lobuqu Turgenev bavela kakhulu. Polina Viardo, French opera imvumi, waba Ndithelekelele wakhe, iphupha alinakuzuzwa, kunye nentsapho yakhe kunye nobomi - ". Indlwane nabaphambukeli" nentsapho yakhe kunye nekhaya lakhe, kodwa enyeleni Ngokuba kuye abengabawiselanga wenza. intombi Nditsho yombhali, owazalwa ngamantombazana kwimpilo ngexesha lobutsha bakhe, wakhuliswa kwintsapho Viardot. Ukuze othile ubomi Turgenev waye wahlulwa ube ziziqingatha ezibini - ngaphambi kokuba Paulina nasemva. Ngoko ke, 1843 kufuneka ziphawulwe kwi ixesha yaye kule nkalo, le siganeko sibalulekileyo Ivan Sergeyevich.

Intsebenziswano kunye zahlukane nenkqubo "Contemporary"

Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubomi Turgenev bamele Malivelise amanani ezifana ngo-1850 - ekuqaleni umsebenzi Nekrasov "Contemporary", ubuhlobo kunye nentsebenziswano yembono kunye nezazi lwentando yesininzi: Nekrasov, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky kunye nabanye. 1855 - ukubhala "Rudin" inoveli, 1859 - ukuvela "Nest Noble", 1860 - indalo le "eve"; Ngo1862 - Ukukhululwa "Ooyise and Sons" inoveli.

Ngalinye imisebenzi thaca kuluntu - impendulo umbuzo malunga kwaye kufuneka ibe yintoni umlinganiswa lwangoku, elungileyo sekuhleni. Imibono yabo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko umbhali kwamane ukuya benkululeko, ke ayekholelwa ukuba ubomi eRashiya kufuneka siguquke utshintsho karhulumente kunye revolution akazange athathe yakhe ngogonyamelo kunye namaxhoba. Literature, ingakumbi Turgenev wathi kuyo akanalo ilungelo ukubiza "Russia ukuba izembe." Zobuciko abasebenzi babe uxanduva olukhulu, kuba negalelo ekwakhiweni lokuqonda koluntu. A izothuso revolution abusayi nantoni ezilungileyo ebantwini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngo-1860, ubudlelwane kunye nenkokheli "Contemporary" abe Umbhali ixesha kakhulu, yaye ngo-1861 bayeka ngokupheleleyo. lo mhla kufuneka ngokuyimfuneko zigxunyekwe isikali biography ngokwezibalo kwe Turgenev.

Ukuhlala kwelinye

Ingongoma lokuqala ixesha esitsha kubomi Ivan Sergeyevich - 1863. Wavuka, wahamba phandle, eFransi, ukuhlala kunye nentsapho yakhe Viardot, yena ancedisane nomyeni wakhe kumaphepha. Kukho izinto ezibhaliweyo izinto wakhe wokugqibela - inoveli "Umsi" yaye "Umhlaba Virgin," yaye bali "Spring Water". Ekhaya, maxa wambi yeza emthonjeni, siphawule buhlungu ushiya imizila lwenkcubeko edlulileyo yezikhulu. Kwaba kuphela 1870s, xa wave entsha intshukumo lenkululeko yomphakathi evuselela umdla ofanayo phakathi umbhali kunye nabafundi bakhe Russian eRashiya. Ukufika Ivan Sergeyevich zimakishwa iintlanganiso rhoqo kunye nolutsha, esihombo sakhe Ngeengokuhlwa zoncwadi, wamenywa ukuba babuyele ekhaya okulungileyo. Turgenev ucinga ngayo.

"Imibongo e iprozi" nokufa

Kulaa minyaka yokugqibela yocalu-4 yobomi bakhe ebhaliweyo Ivanom Sergeevichem miniatures ezincinane ombambazelayo buthathwa yingqokelela phantsi kwesihloko "Imibongo e iprozi". Ngamafuphi, yobuciko angqalileyo, ubunzulu imangalisayo ingcinga, kunye nemfezeko yokuvakalisa. Baye baba uhlobo uvumo yombhali, idayari yakhe buqu, ukucinga iingcinga, imvakalelo, isimo Turgenev. Ngowe-1882, umbhali wafumanisa sisifo esibi - umhlaza lomqolo. Kunye August 22, 1883 (Septemba 3) e Buzhevile wafa. Ningcwatywe umbhali eRashiya, eSt Petersburg. Ezi nkcukacha ebhalwe ngokusisigxina kwi timeline engabo buqu.