Ithempeli likaArtemis e-Efese

Ithempeli lika-Aritemi e-Efese, esithombeni sakhe namhlanje esichaza iikholam ezimbalwa kuphela, ngokuqinisekileyo sicinga ngenye yezinto ezimangalisayo zehlabathi la mandulo.
Ngokomxholo, uArithemis - udade odade wase-Apollo - wayekhathalele izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, enakekela imfuyo nezilwanyana zasendle, kunokubangela ukukhula kwemithi, iintyatyambo kunye nezihlahla. Akazange anqande ingqalelo kunye nabantu, abanike ulonwabo kwintsapho kunye nentsikelelo ngokuzalwa kwabantwana. Abafazi babedla ngokuzisa amaxhoba njenge-patroness of birth.

Ithempeli lokuqala lika-Artemis lakhiwa ngekhulu lesithandathu BC kwidolophu yaseGrike yase-Efese, okwangoku iphondo laseTurkey laseIzmir. Phakathi kwekhulu lesine BC. Watshiswa nguHerstrstratus, wabuyiswa kwakhona waza wabhujiswa ngabanqabileyo bamaGothi.

Ithempeli lika-Aritemi lalimi kwisiqwenga sendlukazikazi kaKarian, umsizi wokuzala owakhona kule ndawo. Iimali zokwakha zayo zanikelwa ngumntu owaziwayo waseLydia, uKumkani uKreas, obhalwe phantsi kwii-columns, kwaye iphrojekthi, njengoko uStrabo ebhala, yayilwe ngu-Hersifron waseKnossos. Kuye, i-collonade yayakhiwa kwaye kwakhiwa izindonga, kwaye xa efile, ukwakhiwa kwakhe kwunyana wakhe, kwaye emva koko - abakhi beDemetrei noPeony.

Ithempeli elikhulu lelitye elimhlophe likaArtemisi layithandeka kwaye layothuka. Ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nendlela ehlotshisiwe ngayo ngaphakathi, akazange afikelele. Kuyaziwa nje ukuba abaphathi bezona zinto zihamba phambili kwizinto ezimangalisayo zelizwe laMandulo, kwaye umfanekiso wesithixokazi wenziwa ngeendlovu zegolide.

Le ndawo engcwele yayisetyenziselwa iinkonzo zonqulo kunye nemikhosi, ngokukhawuleza yaba yikhungo soshishino kunye nezezimali kwiSixeko sase-Efese. Ekubeni wayelawulwa yibhodi yababingeleli kuphela, wayeqhelekileyo ngokuzimeleyo koorhulumente wesixeko.

Ngo-356 BC, ngobusuku obuza kuzalwa uAlexandria Omkhulu, uGerostratus ongenalutho, enqwenela ukuba udumileyo, wabeka eli tempile elimangalisayo ngomlilo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu BC, itempile ka-Aritemis yabuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yabonakala yangaphambili. Imali yokwakha kwakhona yayabelwe nguAlexandro Omkhulu, kwaye u-Heinokrat ongumakhi wezakhiwo wenza umsebenzi, ngeli xesha liphakanyise isakhiwo esiya phezulu. Ubungakanani betempile babemangalisa: 51 amitha ububanzi kunye no-105 - ubude. Uphahla lwaluxhasa iikholamu ezili-127 kwiinqanaba ezisibhozo.

Ithempeli lika-Arthemisi wase-Efese, elinesithombe, ngelanga, namhlanje libonisa enye ikholomu ebuyisiwe, ehlotswe ngeemifanekiso kunye nezixhobo ze-Scopas kunye nePraxitel. AmaEfese, ngokubulela kuAlexandro Omkhulu, wayala umzobo wakhe, owachaza umphathi omkhulu njengoZeyus - ngombane esandleni sakhe.

Kwaye phakathi kwekhulu lesithathu, indlu engcwele ka-Artemis yachithwa yiGoths. Kamva kwindawo yayo yakha icawa encinane, eyayidilizwa.

Ukujongana namacwecwe eemarble ayephangwa, uphahla lwaqhekeka, kungekudala iikholam zaqala ukuwa ngenxa yokuphulwa komanyano wesakhiwo. Iibhloko zamatye eziwa ekugqibeleni zanyuka umlambo apho kwakhiwa itempile ka-Arthemisi. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva koko, indawo eyayimi enye yeyona misebenzi ephezulu ye-architecture yase-Ionia, yayikhohliwe.

Kwiminyaka emininzi wathatha umphandi wesiNgesi uVoodoo ukuba athole ubuncinane imifanekiso ethile yetempileni, kwaye ngo-1869 ekugqibeleni wafumana inhlanhla. Ukusebenza ngokuvulwa kwesiseko setempile kwagqitywa kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, ukulandelwa kweentsika zekhompyutha yokuqala eyatshiswa nguHerstrstratus kwafunyanwa.