Isitimela e Moscow, iifoto, isakhiwo kunye nenkcazo

Isitimela eMoscow photo ukusuka ngefestile uloliwe yakhe - le nqaba Ostankino kunye neziko kamabonwakude, VVC, koohola ulayishwe ezantsi kwaye izitalato, ubume ezidolophini. Ukuze ixesha elide bangabikelwanga nto isetyenziswa zothutho kwakunye ukuzonwabisa. Ngaba Isitimela eMoscow amathemba esinzulu?

indaba

Moscow Isitimela (MMTS) wabonakala entla kwikomkhulu ngo-2004. Kuba ngoxa yena wayesebenza kuloo imowudi ngohambo, yaye kamva msebenzi olona ukuthutha abakhweli. Noko ke, loo nto ithandwa kakhulu, nangona abakhenkethi ninoyolo Wamkhwelisa koololiwe ngaphambili kwiziko Ostankino kwinqaba kunye noomabonakude, ukuya kufikelela yeXesha eSoviet. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iquka ezinye kommandla mveliso kunye neendawo nje nga langutana kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni, ingcamango MMTS wabonakala, xa ikomkhulu wayemlwela ilungelo kubamba umboniso "Expo-2010" - engundoqo iqonga layo VVC, ngoko kwakufuneka ezothutho, umnyango lula kweli ziko. Waza waba Isitimela eMoscow. Indleko yale projekthi olugoso, kwaye nangona mboniso wazinika indawo komnye umzi, umgca zothutho uye wahlala, ukwakhiwa kwayo awuzange uphazanyiswe okanye emkhenkceni. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuqalisa ukusebenza ulwalathiso Isitimela ujongene emininzi izityholo. Yathi ukuba kubiza imali eninzi ukwakha nokusebenzisa. Kwaye nangona nkqubo iyilwe ukusuka phezulu emhlabeni, akucaci kutheni amava, umzekelo, Japan wasetyenziswa, apho indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano yothutho kudlala Isitimela. E Moscow, emva kwazo zonke ezinye iimeko zemozulu kunye nemozulu, khon 'ukuze iimfuno ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, ngoku ongudiwu okanye olikhonkco omnye kuphela.

indlela

Isitimela eMoscow edibanisa isikhululo metro "Timiryazevskaya" yaye "ENEA", ukuwela Oktobha Railway, Altufevskim kunye Dmitrov kuhola wendlela, Prospekt Mira. Zonke emgceni kwizitishi 6, umgama phakathi kwabo malunga 700-800 eemitha. Uluhlu ivela ngasentshona isiya empuma: Timiryazevskaya Street Milashenkova, Telecenter, isitalato Academician Korolev, Russia Iziko leMiboniso kunye esitratweni Sergeya Eyzenshteyna.

Ukudalwa kwalo mgca kwenza kube lula ukuba siphephe uhambo oluya imetro ngokusebenzisa iziko, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba lilonke ngokuphindwe 2-3. Ngoko ke, emva kweminyaka eli-10 yintoni iziphumo sengqondo? Ngaba Isitimela e Moscow, isiphaluka leyo ibandakanya enye kuphela line mfutshane, yaphuhliswa kwixesha elizayo?

Iimpawu kunye nohlaziyo

Ngokwangoku Isitimela e Moscow - oku ridership ubuninzi babantu 7,000 ngeyure nganye, amakhareji aqhawulweyo kunye nezihlalo 44. Kuqulunqo unako ukufikelela ngesantya-60 km / h, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo, ihamba ngokucotha. Umendo phakathi kwizitishi ekupheleni ezimbini kuthatha malunga-16 imizuzu, kwaye Lixesha wekhusi lenene, ngokuba ukulungela-Riga kunye Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya metro umgca phakathi abe esinye ngqo. Izinga lengxolo ngesantya umgangatho - 40 km / h - kumgama oziimitha 25 40-65 dB, ngoko loo nto kuphazamisana abahlali izindlu, nokuba ukuba yokuqamba ebanjwe kufutshane kakhulu kubo.

Inzuzo ephambili Isitimela kukuba nto off-kwendlela kwinkqubo yothutho, oko kukuthi ongachatshazelwa kwemikrozo yeemoto, iingozi kunye nobunzima kwizitalato eziqhelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, imeko ekhethekileyo bacinezele zithuthe abakhweli, ukuba kukho imfuneko yoko. Advanteji phezu imigca esiporweni kukuba Isitimela ngokwakokusingqongileyo ngakumbi lula, kodwa kuyabiza ukwakha zisebenze.

okwangoku,

Nangona isibakala sokuba ixesha elidlulileyo le projekthi njengento ukungaphumeleli, lo Isitimela e Moscow "Timiryazevskaya-ENEA" isekhona namhlanje. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwakukho intetho malunga nendlela ukuyivala, kodwa urhulumente eyinkunzi sele elinye umba de 2015, xa le ndlela kabili ngokufihlakeleyo yesebe. Ukuba oku kuya kubangela ukuphuma abakhweli ukusuka Isitimela, indlela iyakuvalwa ngokupheleleyo. Imeko ekhoyo ngoku wanelisekile ngokupheleleyo kwisebe lezithuthi ngezantsi. Kakade ke, inzuzo intetho singahambi, kodwa amanani ezikhulayo ngcembe, ngenxa yokuba, ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2014 kweli hlobo zothutho bazuza abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-2, usiba kunye nokuhlawula abakhweli. Kodwa unyaka emva konyaka,-mali eyinkunzi mali.

Iingxaki nezisombululo

Nangona kubonakala ngathi Isitimela eMoscow - isisombululo ogqibeleleyo, kwaye iqela alo gqolo ebalulekileyo kule fomu kwezithuthi. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nje oku ezingangeniyo imbonakalo yokwakha kweso sixeko. Ngaphezu koko, ichaphazela zokuqhagamshelwa zaneleyo kunye nezinye iindlela zezithuthi, nangona abasemagunyeni gqolo ukuzama ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ekuqaleni bekucingelwa ukuba Isitimela iza kuhlanganiswa kwinkqubo metro, kodwa enyanisweni esitishini le migca mibini ezikude kakhulu enye kwenye. Ixesha elide kolu hlobo yezothutho esebenza amatikiti ngamnye, kodwa ngo-2013 zingasetyenziswa onke amaxwebhu naweehambo komhlaba zohambo phezu MMTS. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba ukufakelwa kwimizuzu 90 uhambo ezongezelelweyo akukho zitsalwe itikiti.

bagxeki badla mbonise ngamampunge le ndlela kwaye ukuba ukubiza ngokwenene ayikwazi ithandwe. Nangona kunjalo, indawo Isitimela ngendlela kwakhona akunakwenzeka, ubuncinane, kwindlela enye ibhasi ziya kuthatha ixesha elide ngaphezu kwemizuzu eli-16. Ngakumbi ke ukuba imo yokusebenza kunye umsantsa omncinane phakathi koololiwe ukwenza MMTS kakhulu nomtsalane ngakumbi.

amathuba

Isitimela e Moscow, ngokuqinisekileyo, kengoko ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Akucacanga ukuba yintoni na ithemba silindele olu hlobo izithuthi kwixa elizayo. Mhlawumbi abasemagunyeni isixeko othathwa ngokuba uphumelele ngakumbi ukukhanya yeprojekthi metro ezisebenzayo emazantsi esi sixeko. Indlela kwakhona wabeka kakhulu ekwakheni yokwakha, ngoko ukuba iinkalo ezininzi uyafana Isitimela. Okwangoku, MMTS kuhlala kubiza imali eninzi kwaye imo uneconomic ngokupheleleyo zezithuthi, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kwixesha elizayo kule meko iza kutshintsha. Ukwakhiwa imigca ezitsha ukunceda ukudibanisa nedlelo layo kwikomkhulu, uphinda iindlela olusebenza abazeleyo uloliwe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - musa banikele ngelixa yingxenye kuthungelwano lwezothutho ezikhoyo.