I Linux yokusebenza ngenxa iikhompyutha abangenamandla; ke ubuqili yofakelo kunye uqwalaselo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ekurhoxisweni kwenkxaso, "ngamaxhegokazi 'of XP ngo-Apreli 2014, le nkqubo sisemi kwi amawaka kwiikhompyutha ehlabathini lonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko oomatshini ubudala yaye buthathaka "windose" 8.7.10 ngamandla 'kade. " Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba le meko kufuneka kukhwela!

Kutheni kufuneka ukutshintsha inkqubo?

Ubudala XP - kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-14. iinkqubo zokhuseleko, ixesha na amabala "okuhlaziya" kwiZiko Update, akukho ayisasebenzi. Ukuba ikhomputha yakho usafuna na ukuyithenga XP, wena sichengeni enkulu zokulahleka zonke iifayile zakho izenzo software eyingozi (wesi, kwaye kule meko ozakube kunceda). A kukuhlangula enye iinkqubo Linux computer kancinci.

Yeyiphi ukukhetha?

Ekubeni "intsimbi" iikhompyutha ezindala Lingakanani kunokuligungqisa ngaphandle kokuba archaism yayo, kuya kufuneka bakhethe ezona ukukhanya, kodwa inguqulelo ezininzi "lula". Kukholelwa ukuba i "Linux" ngokubanzi kwahlukile iimfuno inkqubo ezindilisekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ayikho njalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Okokuqala, iiyantlukwano phakathi omkhulu kweenguqulelo. Okwesibini, kukho ezinye iindlela nkqubo, nto leyo zisebenza phantse kwi zokubala.

Yiloo nto kanye enye Gentoo osanda angawuhlanguli, yaye ngoko ke kungcono ukuba ukujonga into elula. Ngoko ke yintoni Linux kufuneka kukhethwe computer abaqonda kade? Ingongoma hayi ilula, kangangokuba yi ukhetho kufuneka wasondela kakhulu kakuhle.

yokukhetha ezininzi

Iingcali bacebisa ukuba bayeke ingqalelo yabo Linux Mint. Le nkqubo lalinikwa ekuqaleni kunye ezahlukeneyo iqokobhe lomzobo. Bonke bephela ziyafana kakhulu kwi Windows XP endala. Nkqu Cinnamon (engomnye kwabo) isebenza kakuhle kwi "intsimbi 'omdala, kunye neqabane kuphela okanye XFCE (okanye LDXE) for" nursing ekhaya "iikhompyutha kwaye ingena ngokupheleleyo esenza.

De kakhulu kutshanje, kuba ufakelo desktops abadala kunye laptops kwakufuneka kukhethwe "Ubuntu" ... Kodwa emva ababhekisi ayo baye bafudukela "Umanyano", abasebenzisi mafikizolo ukuqala iingxaki nobunzima kunye nophuhliso nkqubo. Ukongeza, iqokobhe omtsha oluntanganye ngamandla "utsalo" nokuba "intsimbi" entsha, efuna ikhadi yemizobo elungileyo kunye iprosesa inamandla ngokwaneleyo. Ngokufutshane, abanini "kwakudala", olu guqulelo lwe Linux contraindicated.

Ukuba "Idayinaso" yakho ixabisa ubuncinane gigabyte of RAM, uya mhlawumbi ukusebenza for "uqobo» Iresiphi. Kwezinye iimeko, siya bancoma Xfce. Kuyinto eliqokobe kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwisakhelo kweli nqaku. Nokuba ukhetha omnye Linux ngenxa iikhompyutha kancinci, kodwa GUI elifanayo (ngoko ekuthiwa okusingqongileyo womzobo), la macebiso kuya kuba luncedo kuwe. Nakuyiphi na imeko, uya kufunda le isisiseko ulwazi, apho ziya kube luncedo kwixesha elizayo.

Indlela ukulungiselela shintsho?

Ukuze uqale, kufuneka ukukhuphela ISO, umfanekiso Linux Mint. Ngoncedo kwenkqubo UltraISO okanye isilonda efana kwi-flash drive. Ndimele ndithi ukuba umthamo wayo kufuneka ibe ubuncinane 2 GB. Isilumkiso! Yonke idatha ngokuzenzekelayo zizakucimwa xa le nkqubo ingxelo, ngaphambili ezibe diski noko kuqhubo. Ngoko qiniseka ukuba kwi-flash drive akazange abe nawaphi na amaxwebhu ebalulekileyo!

Okokugqibela, ukuba disk nenkqubo "windose" naye unento ebalulekileyo kuwe, qiniseka ukuba siqhubeke kumajelo asuswayo kunye data. We kakhulu Luleka, ukuba ikopi ingcaciso kwidiski "D" okanye nengqondo ukwahlukanisa! Inyaniso kukuba monki ongenalwazi xa "Linux" ngokufuthi "bulala" zonke lophawulo "windose" kutheni data kuzo zonke nzima drives kutshatyalaliswa!

Ukuqalisa ufakelo

Faka le flash drive kuyo nayiphi Isidibanisi USB ekhoyo (kodwa kubhetele ukusebenzisa ngasemva) kwaye ungaqala kwakhona ikhompyutha yakho. Njengomgaqo, kufuneka utshintshe umyalelo besiqalo-BIOS. Kwiikhompyutha ezininzi ukufikelela lula kwimenu yesiqalo ezi F11 kunye F12. Kodwa kunjalo kuphela ukuze iikhompyutha esentsha noko laptops.

Ukuba nje ukwimeko enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa amathuba BIOS. Kufuneka ukuba eli qhosha iboniswe kwi sokuqala boot screen. Iqhosha Del zisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kunye F2. Kwakhona uya kufumana umba Boot Priority uze usete ekuqaleni umba wokuqala kwi-flash drive. Emva koko ke kufuneka uqalise kwakhona ikhompyutha yakho. Ukugcina isethingi, uze uqalise kungena BIOS kwakuthetha kakhulu F10.

Ke ukuba ikhomputha akabuboni USB-drive?

Ukuba ikhomputha yakho kakhulu ubudala, wesiqalo ukusuka flash drive akanakho ukusebenza ngenxa yokuba i "intsimbi" ukulungiselela oku, mgaqo, ayenzelwanga. Kulungile, yaye akukho nto iphosakeleyo nto: sebenzisa kwi DVD. Kakade Kwinzame woqondo drive kwi ikhompyutha endala, kukho kuyimfuneko! Gcina umfanekiso kwi-CD uyakwazi ukunceda CDBurnerXP inkqubo simahla okanye uNero. Le yokugqibela yi hayi simahla kodwa esebenza ngakumbi. Ukuba unayo ukufikelela kwikhompyutha nge "windose" 7/8, ngoko akuyomfuneko eluncedo ezongezelelweyo, njengoko ezi nkqubo zixhasa idiski ukurekhoda ekuqaleni.

Xa sele ugqibile yonke, ungakwazi ukufaka Linux kwiikhompyutha kancinci. Kungenzeka, uza kufuneka ufake BIOS ngeendlela ukuba sele kuchaziwe ngentla. Ukuba wenza konke ngokuchanekileyo, kuya kuvela lokulayisha screen.

Testing and ukufakwa

Okubalulekileyo! ufakelo Linux kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela emva kokuba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza yesiqhelo OS kwi computer yakho. Ungakhathazeki: kumajelo inokuqalwa ekuqaleni, usoloko uya kufumana Live-uguqulelo le nkqubo. Ngayo, uyakwazi ukubona kakuhle ukuba okanye hayi ukuze sifudukele OS entsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ukukhangela ukusebenza oluchanekileyo mnqongo yonxibelelwano engenangcingo kwaye ubone ukuba afanelekile inguqulelo "Linux" ikhadi levidiyo yakho.

Xa Linux Live Wolawulo ulayishe, nqakraza kwi icon kunye iigiyeri kwikona esezantsi ekhohlo, wawu wengingqi analog "Qala" menu. Khangela amanqaku "inkqubo" yaye "izilungiselelo": bona eqokelelweyo inkcazelo esisiseko malunga "zekhompyutha" ye computer yakho. Ukuba yonke eyaziwayo, Kulungile. Ngamanye iingongoma ungafumana siqhelane iinkqubo zifakiwe kule nkqubo.

Sinqwenela ukutsalela ingqondo yakho yokuba kule nkqubo 'ubomi "kuzo zonke interface IsiNgesi-lwimi. Kufuneka kuba edidayo. Xa sisetyenziswe ufakelo Linux, ungakhetha ulwimi Russian kwi yokuqala kucwangciso screen. Ekupheleni kwale nkqubo uya kuba, inkqubo eguqulelwe ngokupheleleyo ukulungele-uku-setyenziswa.

ufakelo

Ukuba yonke into ingendlela, kunye namava akho usebenzisa HIV, nqakraza ngokulula kwi icon "Faka Linux Mint», nto leyo ifumaneka kwi desktop. Njengoko kunjalo kunye nayiphi na iprogram Umfaki phantsi kwe "windose" kufuneka ukucwangcisa ezingundoqo iparameters kuqala.

Okokuqala, inkqubo iya khangela isithuba ekhoyo kunye nokufumaneka kwe-Internet. Nje qaphela ukuba bekuya kuba uqhagamshelwano ngcono kwi network, njengoko oku kuya kunciphisa inani "Unikezelo" engaphezulu: lonke uhlaziyo kunye Imiqulu ulwimi iya ngekhompyutha kwinqanaba yofakelo, ukuze awunalo ukwenza oko kwixesha elizayo. Kufuneka kuphela ukhethe izowuni lakho ixesha, umise igama, igama lomsebenzisi kunye ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo. Ngokungafaniyo "windose", ungakhethi lokugqitha ayikasebenzi, ngoko kungcono ubhale phantsi ethile, musa ukulibala.

Kuphela koko inkqubo Linux uqalisa kukhuphela iifayile kwi hard drive yakho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le nkqubo phakathi 30-45 imizuzu amandla. Emva kokuba yonke into ilungile, le nkqubo iza kukushukumisela ukuba uqalise: ngononophelo jonga kwi kwidispleyi, njengoko kuya kuxelelwa ukuba kunini ufuna ukususa eendaba ufakelo.

Ndimele ndenze ntoni emva kokufaka?

Njengokuba besesitshilo, nayiphi na inguqulelo ye Linux esebenzisa Xfce okusingqongileyo, iyafika kufuneka basebenze izixhobo endala ngokuchwayitileyo. Ngoko nangoko emva kokungena, uya kubona i desktop noko ezilula esebenza. Ukuba unayo ubuncinane yamava ezithile kunye ikhompyutha, kunye nayo ngokuqinisekileyo uya ngokupheleleyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungekho naziphi na iingxaki. Njengomgaqo, imiba unakho ngaphandle isisombululo ukubonisa kuvuka. Itshintsha ngokusebenzisa "Settings / Yenza." Zonke izihloko ziya sele kuba 'lweenkobe kunye namagorha ": Russian Linux kule nkalo kulula ukuba amise kwaye ufunde!

Ukuba ityala lakho oku kunjalo, oko kukuthi, isigqibo kufuneka ifakwe ezabo izinto, oluzenzekelayo yababini ividiyo ngesizathu esithile ongayisebenzelanga. Ungakhathazeki: kufuneka uye kwi menu "System / Umphathi umqhubi", khetha kuluhlu lwe lowo enombhalo "Ncoma", klikha kwi "Faka lonke utshintsho", linda de nkqubo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwangoko uqalele ikhompyutha. Kwimeko apho kukho unxibelelwano zintambo kukho ezinye iingxaki, ukusebenzisa i "abaqhubi Manager."

Ngokubanzi, xa kusingethwe "Mintom" abasebenzisi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi abanamava iingxaki Windows XP zinqabile. Ngoko ke sibeka Linux kunokuba ngumbandela akukho eziqhelekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ukumelana nayo lula ngokwaneleyo.

Ukusebenza ngezixhobo isicelo

Kubo bonke program olukhulu zingafumaneka nge "Qala" menu. Ngokusebenzisa i bar yokukhangela ukufumana ngokulula ezo izixhobo, indawo apho awuyazi. Umzekelo, xa uqala ukuchwetheza th, okanye 'iposi', inkqubo nangoko ubonisa isicelo mail thunderbird. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukulungisa iinkqubo ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu kwi "desktop". Ukuze wenze oku, nqakraza kwi yesicelo icon, iqhosha lemouse ekunene kwaye khetha umba efunekayo kwi imenu izakuveliswa.

"UMphathi weProgram" kunceda ukuba ukufaka abo isoftware application, engekho kwinkqubo ekuqaleni. Ukuqala oko, "System", yiya kwi menu. Ekubeni "umphathi" kukho amawaka iinkqubo ihlelwa izigaba, nkqu abasebenzisi abangenalwazi wobuthongo nje ayenzeki, "Internet", "umsindo Video", "Graphics", "Imidlalo" kuya kukunceda ukuba ukhethe isicelo esifunwayo. Kukho kwakhona umsebenzi search, leyo lula ngakumbi umsebenzi nale phakheji luncedo. Umzekelo, uyakwazi uchwetheza kwibhokisi yokukhangela Skype, ngoko nangoko kwalutyhutyha ukufakela window client.

Ngokubanzi, abasebenzisi Linux namawaka-waka ezinye iinkqubo ze "windose". Nje kwiimeko ezininzi baya kubizwa ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Ukuze ufumane eyona ifanelekileyo ukuze isicelo sakho, uyakwazi ukucela uncedo kwi Internet ongusomandla.

umbuzo Ukufuna kukwazi ukwakhiwa apha njengokuba ufuna. Ukumba kule iimbekiselo, mhlawumbi uya kufumanisa isisombululo osithandayo. By the way! Musa eya uncedo "Ubuntu" ekuhlaleni. Ezi izinikezelo ezimbini (elithetha kwakhona "Mint") eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe efana ngokupheleleyo, ngoko iingcebiso ezivela kubasebenzisi abanamava ngeke ncam ononyawo.

Izinto eziluncedo ze "Setup Center"

Umele ukuba ufumene kanye igama lwenkqubo ukuba kufuneka sisebenze. igama layo kungenziwa lwaza kuncanyathiselwa kwibhokisi yokukhangela kwi "Umphathi". Qaphela ukuba abantu bangenamava sicebisa ngamandla ukusetyenziswa zona, kunokuba download ezi phakheji lofakelo kwi Internet. Kwindawo yokuqala, ukuze uwufumane kukhupho inokuthenjwa nezingqinekayo. Okwesibini, omnye sinokuba nentembelo ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo efunyenwe ngale ndlela. Nokuba i Linux best na ukunika nayiphi ukhuseleko ukuba ifakelwe "ekhohlo" ukusuka isicelo kwimithombo abangenagama.

Okwesithathu, zonke ezi zicelo ziya kuhlaziywa ndaweninye, ngaxeshanye kunye nenkqubo. Oku elula nje kuphela, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba yokhuseleko computer yakho kunye maxwebhu ayafumaneka kwi-hard drive yayo. By the ukuthetha ngendlela, phambi uhlaziyo yazisa icon ikhaka, ibekwe kwikona esezantsi ekunene. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ngoko, ngokuya umba we menu "System" kwaye khetha ixabiso elifanelekileyo, inkqubo nokuhlaziya inkqubo ubaleka ngesandla.

Libala ngale "iKhompyutha Yam"

Ukufikelela analogu le "iKhompyutha Yam", kufuneka nqakraza kwi icon kunye icon eneenkcukacha kwi ikona yasekhohlo (kwi "System Itreyi"). Kwi window ovula ine icon indlu, apho ebhalwe igama wanyula ngexesha lofako. Nqakraza kuyo. A window ivula umphathi wefayile na uhlobo njengesiqhelo, apho ungakhetha incwadi eneenkcukacha osihloko sithi "Video", "Amafoto", "Documents" njalo njalo. D. Sikholelwa ukuba ukuqeshwa kwabo, uya kuba nako ukuqonda wena.

Enyanisweni, ukufikelela USB kumphati medium kuya kuba lula yaye ayifuni umsebenzisi akukho mzamo. Ngaba oko kufuneka baqonde ngokuqinileyo yokuba akukho oonobumba kwi "Linux" ukubhekisela nzima drives. Xa ukuplaga a flash drive okanye disk enombala, inkqubo akuthethi nje bazise malunga obandayo zabo ngempumelelo (uqhagamshelo), kodwa kwakhona azise icon yayo kwi desktop. Simple kunye elula kakhulu!

Kwimeko apho kuyo kweyakho icomputer emibini iinkqubo ( "windose" and "Linux"), nceda qaphela ukuba Linux; ingabona okukhoyo phantsi Windows ngaphandle ezizodwa izixhobo alubonakali! Ngoko ke kulumkele ukucima i 'windose "namava!

imiba yokhuseleko

Enyanisweni, imiba yokhuseleko musa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ezifana, ngokungathi ngazo le yesiqhelo "Windu." Kodwa apha, ngelishwa, musa ukuphumla. Kufuneka ulandele ezinye izilumkiso esisiseko.

iimpawu zokhuseleko Basic sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Lokuqala - lokugqitha nkqubo kufuneka ukuba abulawe, kwaye ukukhawulelana nale meko yinto engenakwenzeka. Limelwe kuqaliswa xa enze nayiphi na imisebenzi ukuba ngandlel 'ezichaphazela ukhuseleko kwikhompyutha yakho. Ngaphandle igama, umhlaseli ezingenzeka akayi kuba nako ukwazisa kwi khomputha yakho nayiphi na inkqubo ngolunya. Into yesibini ufakelo isigxina kogqibo. Ngethamsanqa, ukuba "Minty", le nkqubo kulula kwaye ezicacileyo.

Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo eyodwa imiba yokhuseleko, ungakwazi ukufaka iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo ezilawula le parameter. Qaphela ukuba uninzi lwezi zixhobo ezisebenzisa umgca wemiyalelo ukubaleka. Ukulungiselela le njongo i-terminal, nto leyo ibangelwa indlela emfutshane yebhodi yezitshixo Win + T.