Burgermeister - kuba ... Yintoni usodolophu: kwenkcazelo ixabiso kunye nokusetyenziswa gama

Ngubani na lo weDolophu? Inkcazelo iye iintsingiselo ezininzi. Okokuqala, usodolophu - ligama kwindawo yolawulo kuhlala yi yintloko amagunya kamasipala. Kukho nezinye iingcaciso. Umzekelo, kukho uhlobo nesihuluhulu ngale gama.

Imbali elithi "uSodolophu"

Burgermeister - igama ugwenxeke kwaphela German Burgmeister, igama elithetha "intloko yesixeko." Isihloko kasodolophu Wabonakala Ekuveleni XVI-XVII iinkulungwane kwamanye aseYurophu amazwe, nto leyo yamkelekile zesiJamani zomthetho ngokwesithethe: Switzerland, Austria, Luxembourg, eDenmark, Belgium, eJamani, Hungary, kwiBaltic States. Nangona intsingiselo yegama elithi "uSodolophu" yaye ichazwa kwisithuba apho wayebambe intloko urhulumente kamasipala.

ERashiya, usodolophu kunye imi--60 kwinkulungwane XIX wabizwa intloko ulawulo ezidolophini. Le igosa ugqibe ngesiphumo unyulo ngoluntu ezidolophini. USodolophu abakhethwe wayekwangusihlalo kwiholo yedolophu kunye oomantyi. Yena ukubuyisela ngxi "Zemsky intloko." Emizini zephondo usodolophu ingqalelo abakhonzi nembambano kwibakala lethoba, nezixeko kwisiphaluka-level - ibanga leshumi esemthethweni. elithile Class igqiba eziluncedo apho usodolophu kusetyenziswa. Ezi kakhulu umahluko kwimivuzo kunye neemeko zokuphila.

ukhetho uMeya lwenziwa qho emva kweminyaka emithathu, kwaye intlawulo-mali yesondlo wayo zabelwa ngeengeniso. umsebenzi ngenkuthalo le igosa waphawula isatifiketi sokuwongwa, umvuzo ophezulu, ikhuphe indlu yesebe yokuhlala ebusweni billeting. Okwangoku, kuzo zonke ziiriphabliki lalisakuba yiSoviet, igama ndawo iye yagcinwa Latvia. Indawo "usodolophu zezikhamiso" ukho e Riga.

Burgermeister e Germany

Ngokomzekelo, ufumanise ukuba usodolophu eJamani: sikhundla, isihloko okanye adminedinitsa umzekelo Berlin usodolophu wesixeko (wenza ntoni, yintoni umsebenzi wakhe).

intloko Elawula wesixeko Berlin esikhethwe kungekuphela njengentloko ngamandla yesigqeba umzi, kodwa isicaka yoluntu, edibanisa umsebenzi ezimbini ngaxeshanye: usodolophu wesixeko kunye Prime Minister of the State of Berlin. USodolophu yangoku ngaxeshanye yintloko urhulumente eBerlin (iNdlu Yeengwevu).

Hi ndlela leyi, de 1948 Usodolophu eJamani wabizwa ngokuba "Nkosi uSodolophu". A definition of "USodolophu loLawulo" - igama elinikiweyo yi usodolophu waseJamani koogunyaziwe Soviet emva kwemfazwe. Kakade ke, loo nto yenza kuphela kummandla GDR. E eJamani, ibinzana onjalo hayi, ngokuba kukho nempembelelo amazwe aseNtshona.

Yintoni umphathi?

Ukuba usodolophu - intloko yesixeko, igosa - intloko lali. ERashiya, oko ube yintloko kwilali, longamele ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo abalimi. Kwakhona kufuneka sigcine ucwangco lizwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa lo igosa umntu oqeshwe yi-mhlaba ukuze alawule kwilifa lakhe. Ngexesha lokulawula loMlawuli uPetros igosa lezomthetho kunye nosibonda - likwalinani elinye igama legosa watyala nolawulo esixekweni subordinated ukuba burmisterskoy kwidolophu kwiholo okanye Chamber of eMoscow. Eli gosa ke uxanduva ukubekwa izakhiwo, ukwakha kwabo ngokutsha, ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ngenjongo yokwakha entsha. Ekubeni ke wacelwa ukuba ubukho kwekomkhulu indwe kunye ekulweni amandla amabutho zengingqi.

Le nkcazelo yanamhlanje wedolophu

Okwangoku, usodolophu - a usodolophu wesixeko, olibambela intloko abasebenzi. Ezandleni zakhe, yaye isebe yesigqeba lonke bendawo ethile. ERashiya, igama isikhundla eso fixed emva kokuwa eSoviet. Ngoku eli gama yaba esemthethweni.

Xa isixeko nya unyulo kwabamba, unyulo usodolophu aphumela zamasekela, abameli iBhunga leSixeko wenziwe. Kwaye ngokunjalo, usodolophu omtsha kufuneka zesekela amaqhekeza.

zinoluvo olufanayo

Burgermeister - yeyona gosa liphezulu kamasipala eJamani kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu. Kodwa kwakukho kwaye kukho nezinye izihloko isikhundla efanayo yentloko karhulumente sixeko.

• usodolophu - igama kude ekhoyo kumazwe Balkan: Macedonia, iCroatia, Serbia, Montenegro;
• USodolophu - isithuba karhulumente segosa Ukraine, eRashiya, Estonia, kude 1918;
• sibonda - ukukhonza imizi Lithuania kunye Czech Republic;
• UMongameli isixeko - igama Polish ngusodolophu;
• intloko yolawulo komzi - umkhonzi yoluntu eRashiya and Kazakhstan;
• INtloko kamasipala - intloko dolophu okanye kwilali eRashiya;
• Thethani USihlalo - Ukulawula urhulumente isixeko in Albania.

definition umyezo

Kuthetha ntoni ngokwemigaqo usodolophu Zoology? Akekho umntu uyazi ukuba le nto nje iyunithi yolawulo; kodwa igama ingabangaba enkulu polar! Eli gama kungenxa ukubeka neentaka lali, nto leyo beqokelela iintaka "rookeries". Apha ingabangaba "ophetheyo irhafu" ukuze ngokuhlanganiswa amathanga intaka efudukayo ngohlobo amaqanda amantshontsho. Ummandla Ukusasazwa ingabangaba - kwimimandla polar of America, Asia naseYurophu. intaka yokuhlala - ezindaweni ezilulwalwa, kumathafa konxweme, i-Arctic eziqithini.

Xa ndiqukumbela, siphawula ukuba kwinkulungwane yama-20 ekuqaleni eMoscow St Petersburg waphuma izichazi eshicilelweyo eziqhelekileyo amagama eelwimi zasemzini rhoqo asetyenziswa ngolwimi Russian. Ngokutsho yabo, usodolophu - is:

• "Umsebenzi isixeko ekhethiweyo ekudlalelwa livela iklasi yomthengisi ubukho amabandla Duma okuqhelekileyo ukuhlola ukusetyenziswa ezidolophini";
• "USodolophu zonke izixeko isiJamani";
• "Igunya isixeko oyintloko kulawulo esixekweni."

Kwaye ke weDolophu - ligama esele ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa isandi ezahlukileyo yamandulo. Wawunika igama kwizinto ezininzi engaqhelekanga, xa efika kuqala,. Igama onjalo kwisixeko saseLviv (Ukraine) uvule entsha mini-utshwala, yaye eMoscow, kwi-Theatre Square, indawo yokutyela utywala "USodolophu". Igama elifanayo ngumlawuli lweFairyland Esgarot fantastic film "I Hobbit".