"Abafa kufuphi eMoscow": uhlalutyo. "Abafa kufuphi eMoscow" Vorobyov: Isishwankathelo

Kwi kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kubhaliweyo kakhulu. Indawo okhethekileyo iincwadi ngalo mba, ithatha babizwa ngokuba "uLieutenant" okanye "umsele" iprozi ebonakala imi--50-60. Isebenza ngamajoni ngaphambili, ukusuka namava abo oyazileyo zamasikizi yobomi umsele kunye empini. iingcinga zabo neemvakalelo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze umfundi, ngokuba babhala malunga noko akubonayo ngamehlo abo. Phakathi kwabo, ibali Konstantina Vorobeva "Uyabulawa kufuphi Moscow," ezibhalwe ngowe-1961 kwaye le magazini "Yehlabathi Elitsha" epapashwe kwiminyaka emibini kamva.

Ababhali eziphambili baqonda imbonakalo yemveliso a ukuzwa. Noko ke, izangqa ezisemthethweni ayenganelisekanga kunye indlela umbhali ethile ukuze umfanekiso waloo mfazwe. Ngenxa yoko igama zombhali ixesha elide ongekho iincwadi eSoviet, eyaba kuye igalelo lokwenene. Kuphela 80s, emva kokufa K. Vorobiev, kwindawo yokuqala kwakhona, kuquka ngokunxulumene nenye, imisebenzi ngaphambili lushicilelwe kwi umxholo emkhosini - "! Yinto thina, Nkosi"

ibali ngokuphila

Bayahlelwa umbhali ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba elula. Kwanangaphambi imfazwe K. Vorobiev, ogama ubutsha wayichitha kummandla Kursk, waba eMoscow. Isizathu yaba mbongo ubhalwe kuye ukufa Kuibyshev kunye equlathe amagqabaza elimsulwa malunga Stalin. Umbhali elizayo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye isixeko sakowabo, leyo wamsindisa nemiphumo kakhulu akonwabi.

E Moscow, Vorobiev, owaba kubude 1,83 m kunye incwadi kwibali "ye abalimi," wayephakathi kabini, apho nkampani yesicelo kwasekwa. Oku yayisisiqalo ziziganeko ezibuhlungu zifakiwe kumsebenzi kamva "Uyabulawa kufuphi eMoscow."

Ngo-Oktobha 1941, xa imikhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente lasungula kuhlaselwa elikhulu-isikali phezu kweengqukuva, kunye Soviet evame ingqongwe kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele, akabanga amava umkhosi, abaxhobela kuphela afohlela lixesha (ezifana walwa kwi yeHlabathi yokuQala) kabini abatsha, kubandakanywa and K. Vorobiev, bathunyelwa ngaphambili. Umceli mngeni kubo ichazwe ngokucacileyo - ukukhusela iindlela eMoscow. Kwaye ngoko - intlanganiso kwindlela eya phambili kunye amajoni NKVD, eyenzelwe ukuba iliso ezabo ngexesha lemfazwe; empini yokuqala nesinqumka ukuba uninzi lwabafundi izolo yaba wokugqibela; ikhonkxwa, yaye ekugqibeleni amalungiselelo ngempumelelo emva iinzame eziliqela ukubaleka, kwinkampu yabanqolobi kwecala ngokufihlakeleyo sele kweli lizwe. Konke oku kwenzeka umbhali, uze emva koko zichazwe nenyaniso yakhe kakhulu kwaye abasemzini awuyithandi i iinoveli iziphathamandla kunye amabali, kwithuba elide kuba bengakwazi ukufikelela kulo umfundi.

isishwankathelo

"Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - na ibali elifutshane kakhulu (ibali iquka ixesha span iintsuku ezi-5) lokuhlala ngaphambili abatsha wayesenamandla, abafundi ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi mane, esempilweni. gaba mncane, bonke ngenketho, amadoda abaselula imisebenzi yokuqala wokuhamba ukuya kumgca ngaphambili. Bona banethemba yaye kwimeko yimincili kucingwa ukuba okuxhaphaza elizayo. Umfundi ukusuka kwiphepha lokuqala balindelwe isiphumo ebuhlungu - oku kuzisa isihloko sawo, umz. Eneneni, emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa abaphilayo baya kuba mnye kuphela kubo - yobutsha bakho kunye negosa ongenamava Aleksey Yastrebov. Onke amajoni 239 eseleyo uya kubulawa kwangomnye eMoscow. Uhlalutyo ezibangela kwezi ziganeko ezoyikekayo, idale isiseko sebali.

Njengoko uhlola imixholo umfundi uza kwisigqibo eyothusayo. Enyanisweni, sasingakwazi ilula: amajoni aselula ngokubonakalayo isetyenziswe wefula kunaso Ngokuphuma ukuze atshabalalise imikhosi exhobileyo yotshaba. Iintetho umbhali malunga nendlela bathunyelwa ukuba alwe afohlela, iziqhushumbisi eziliqela kunye cocktails Molotov - hayi guns ngokwaneleyo. Ekuqaleni, ebangela izenzo nobudenge yabaphathi abanamava kunye nokuhlaziywa kwazo. Abafa kufuphi Moscow guys abatsha abangama ityala labo. Ndikhumbula umyalelo imfuneko abhenele abonakele ithunyelwe evela kwikomkhulu azikho imilo. Ngenxa yoko, lidakile ixesha ukuhlangula abantwana njengoko Ryumin, umphathi webutho, kuzo zonke baqhele ukuba umyalelo, Bengakholosanga usulelo wakhe ngomlomo esebenzisa i umlweli ongaziwayo, kwaye silindele esibhaliweyo isiqinisekiso. Kwaye ke inkolelo yobuxoki yokuba ukusekelwa kungekudala zifika, ongenise ubomi amakhwenkwe ezimakhulu mabini anamanci mahlanu phantse engaxhobanga sixhomekeke abo kudala lula ukuba isigqibo isiphelo abantu abaninzi.

Imbali lokusekwa yomntu Alekseya Yastrebova

Ophambili yenoveli K. Vorobyov "Uyabulawa kufuphi Moscow" - Lieutenant oselula, iiveki ezimbini kuphela ezidlulileyo waphumelela isihloko waza wathumela umyalelo kwi webutho kabini. Umfundi uba lingqina kunzima kangakanani uyaphi Mougins Alexei Yastrebova. Le kwindawo entsha unikwa kuye ngenkankulu, imiyalelo yakhe yokuqala inika esikhenkcezayo ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, kwaye likhangela indawo yonke ixesha, wayethembe ukubona ecaleni comrade onamava ngakumbi, yintoni umphathi regimental kunye nomqeqeshi yezopolitiko Ryumin anisimov. Ngokuba kuye, lonke ixesha lokuqala - oku igxininisa uKonstantin Vorobyov. "Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - ibali malunga iziganeko, isixelela ntoni ukuyilwa yokomoya umlinganiswa. Phambi kwamehlo abapasileyo ofundayo kwaye silwe ngesiquphe zenzeka. Kunye nokubulawa yokuqala German apho Alex ngalo mzuzu Akaboni utshaba, kodwa umntu (ukuziva utshaba luya kuza kamva, ngenxa onamava). Kwaye umfundi luvalo, licinezelwe emhlabeni ezama ukubaleka. Ekuqaleni, yena ezinxulumene umngcatshi sombutho, njengoko nelooKhetshe akazange aqonde ukuba yena ngeli nqanaba uziphatha ngendlela efanayo njengoko uzama ukubaleka. Akucaci, nendlela umfundi unokubuza Yastrebova adubule ngaye - kwakuya kusindiswa lungabanjiswa kunokwenzeka. Kuphela emva kwethuba uThemba uza aqonde kwaye wazi into yokuba, sijamelene nokufa, indoda iba buthathaka kwaye iyakwazi izinto ngaphambili wenza isigwebo sakhe: ukubulala umhlobo okanye wena, abaleke okanye fihla ngelizama aziphendulele. Yaye isibakala sokuba ukufa abafundi abamsulwa yaba sisiphumo izigqibo ezithathwe apho, eMoscow, apho abantu abadala, abaninzi kubo babengazi imfazwe ngokobuqu, ngokulula ithunyelwe kokufa koonyana 'babo ".

Ngenxa yoko, nokuvuthwa ngokwasengqondweni hero kwiziko kwebali - ukuba kuyanceda ukuqonda uhlalutyo yayo. "Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - imveliso ekhethekileyo kuba kusenza sicinge nje malunga kwiintlungu Fascism, kodwa malunga nendima edlalwa isiganeko kwenzeka umntu kunye nenkqubo ephuhliswe eSoviet Union.

okuchithwa Vorobyova

Enye inzuzo inoveli (ukuba wonke umntu umbhali-mkhosi), ukuba ibonisa emfazweni ngaphakathi, ngaphandle isilungiseleli seglosi kwaye ufuna into embellish. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokupapashwa ngo-1963, eli bali "babulawa kufuphi eMoscow" ixesha elide phakathi kweemveliso akuvumelekanga.

Yintoni ngokoqobo zombhali wazibonakalisa umfanekiso waloo mfazwe?

Kuqala kwinto zonke, umfundi inikwa abantu abaqhelekileyo: amathandabuzo uloyiko lwabo, ukudideka kunye lithemba. ukuziphatha kwabo amaxesha edabini ngokwendalo; ke ezingenamandla ukutshintsha nantoni na, yaye ngokufuthi asiyiqondi ngokupheleleyo kwenzeka ntoni. Iimvakalelo kucacile ukuba wonke umntu - ukoyika ukufa, umnqweno ukuzikhusela ngokwabo - imke yemfaneleko abafana abaselula, yaye inika ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo uKonstantin Vorobyov. "Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - le ncwadi ayikho kwabo, ezifana uMajor General Pereverzev, wakrazula off nomfuziselo wakhe wazama ukubaleka. Abalinganiswa zayo - abantu, uyazi ngokwayo inxenye uhlanga olukhulu, ziyasokola kwinkululeko yelizwe lawo. Ingcamango yokuqala edabini ibe yindawo uqulukubhode indawo nangoko kuvuthwa amakhwenkwe ulwazi intlekele jikelele ndixakene buhlungu kakhulu ukuba nizole enoxolo.

Naturalistically otsalwe episode umbhali ngonyawo eqwengiweyo kwi wesiqalo, kuqala ibe bengalindelwanga Alexei: Ngubani na omise apho? Ukanti ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulibala kwiimbandezelo ababuleweyo esiswini wafa Anisimova, waqhubeka wathi, "Sika ...", yaye ecaleni kwakhe, phezu idyasi yakhe, "olephuzayo coil into ephila" - bezibona of Alexis. Kuyabonakala ukuba ukususela amaphepha inoveli K. Vorobyov ithi yonke lijoni wabulawa kufuphi eMoscow.

Indima wayesilwa elihamba Ibutho imishini

Omnye umlinganiswa, kubalulekile ukuqonda injongo yombhali - Captain Rumin, okwabakho kwasekuqalekeni ukulungiselela abafundi ongumzekelo omhle. Kwaye iyavumelana kakhulu ukuba oko bekufanele ukuba ibe ligosa yokwenene. Ezinye abafundi bedidekile episode elalini. Kutheni kufuneka Ryumin ukuba nenxaxheba umlo engamampunge ungatshongo wena, ukuze ukwazi ukutshintsha nantoni na, ngokuba bayahlelwa nkampani na? Impendulo yalo mbuzo okunene ilula. Ryumin uyabona ukuba abantu abasebenza phantsi bakhe oonyana bokufa, aze abanike ithuba bazive ukufa yokwenene amajoni. Eneneni, beza abafundi ukusuka edabini wayekhulile, ukuze bazive ukubandakanyeka lobuqu uwusindise uhlanga. Abayi bekhwaza amazwi elikhulu, kodwa wazibonela ngokupheleleyo uyolo usindiso lwakhe lokuqala. Kungaphikiswa ukuba imvakalelo efanayo bazixhela nganye ngamajoni kufuphi Moscow, ekubeni yayiyimini athethelele eyinkunzi - intliziyo ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe.

Imeko yokugqibela yebali

iphepha lokugqibela zokufunda osebenza nzima. Umfundi uye wayibona indlela ikhululekile, ukuphupha malunga ubuqhawe makhwenkwe iintsuku ezintlanu izimele yaye abe yindoda yokwenene, indlela entsha ukuvavanya ngokwabo kunye namaqabane. Aleksey Yastrebov, owabona ukufa kunye nendlela wafa Ryumin, isigqibo Ephethe Molotov ukufa nemikhanzi ukuba itanki. Kweli nqanaba, akoyiki kufa kwaye yenza feat kunye nje ovele, ngaphandle ndicinga ngayo. Ngoko ke ixabiso uloyiso sifikelele khona, aya kubona amajoni babulala kufuphi eMoscow. nkumbulo elifutshane Alexei yendlu yakowabo kayisemkhulu ngephanyazo imxinwa naye kwenye indawo, kwaye mandulo nangoku. Ngoku wavula ezinye, hayi eziqhutywa phambi inyaniso kutheni kusenziwa yonke into. Okubangela iintsuku ezi-5 yamava yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo isimo sakhe, njengoko kubonakala inkohlakalo ukufwaisha entliziyweni intiyo yakhe ngenxa yotshaba.

Ilungu nangokwasengqondweni imveliso

Indawo ebalulekileyo ibali K. Vorobyov "Uyabulawa kufuphi Moscow" ahlala monologues engaphakathi abaselula Alexei Yastrebova nabanamava umphathi inkampani Captain Rumin, ngokuya eyiqaphela nentlekele le meko kwaye sele zikhankanyiwe ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Last wazisa iqela kwaye asetyenziselwa bathembele ukubala theoretical component. Wayekholelwa ukuba akwazi ukuyilawula le meko, kodwa kungekudala uyaqonda ukuba zonke iimbono zakhe yajika siyazikhohlisa. Ryumin ayikwazanga kuthwala utyiwa sisazela kunye wazibulala. Akuzange ayilotyala lakhe ukuba konke oku kwenzeke, kodwa wakhupha isigwebo. Wabalasela la ke amazwi okugqibela-waka, abamele Oyena ntoni: "ongowakhe! Ngapha koko, ukuba sonke ukubonisa thina ngakumbi eSpeyin! "Bathi zinika umbono ocacileyo Stalin. Umzekelo, kuphuhliso yezenzo kunye notshintsho Outlook umthetheli, njengoko oko kungqinwa ngezenzo zakhe, uvavanyo kwenzeka ntoni, reflection kunye nocazululo. "Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - umsebenzi obonisa indlela abantu imfazwe kuvavanywa zobuntu. Apha kwaoko kuye kucace ukuba ngubani na lowo.

Inguqulelo yokuqala isiphelo sebali

Esingakanani ngayo: imizuzu okanye iiyure ezimbalwa - Alex akazange aqonde. Wavuka koko erhuqelwe engcwabeni kwezandla nomelele, weva phezu kwentloko ulwimi German nokuhleka lula. "... ngasemva kunye nendawo emzimbeni apho amaJamani Ukukhatywa wesiqalo wakhe, kukade icangcisiwe enothando kwanelisa ..." Alex waza wabona elivutha watshisa izitha, ezibe efihliweyo ukuhlala kabini bephila. Le nguqulelo yokuqala ekupheleni kwebali "babulawa kufuphi eMoscow." Uhlalutyo yokugqibela - kwandululwa ukuba umbhali, beyijika kwaye banethemba ngaphezulu - sifikelela kwisigqibo indlela ngephanyazo ngenyanga yokuqala zomkhosi kwilizwe eSoviet. Kodwa ke kuphela kwii-akhayivu. Vorobiev wakholwa ukuba inguqulelo yokugqibela imveliso akukho ngaphantsi yabonisa ukuba eyoyikekayo oko kwakuza nani phambi "abaqala '. Ingakumbi ukuba Alexei, Ndisinde esihogweni, waba ngumntu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: lukhuni, kakhulu uhlaziye ukuba angakwazi ukukhusela abo kwakuxhomekeke kuye. isiphelo Open kubonisa indlela isiphumo ezimbini iziganeko, yangamagqabi ithemba lokuba uTshawe kuseza kuba nako ukuphuma kubo, yaye oko kuya kuba negalelo uloyiso.

inoveli intsingiselo

Nobuntu, umsebenzi, ubuqhawe, ukuyilwa lomntu, uxanduva ngezenzo zabo, ubuchule novelwano nokuqonda omnye - lula kwi la magama emsebenzini wakhe ithi K. Vorobyov. "Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - ibali elifutshane malunga isiqephu nobomi umbhali, kukho uhlobo isilumkiso, nto leyo documentary, kwezinye iimeko bade uphawu confessional. Kwenzeka ntoni kule novalo eyoyikekayo - yeyona uluvo oluphambili umbhali - asimele silibale ngayo nayiphi na imeko.

Iimpawu "iprozi neerhuluneli '

Imisebenzi eyenziwe 50-60s, yahlukile abo zabhalwa ngexesha lemfazwe okanye ngoko nangoko emva kokuba. Ezi Uhlalutyo olunzulu wongezwa nenkcazelo kwezi ziganeko. "Abafa kufuphi Moscow" - hayi ngaphandle. V. Astafjevs waphawula ukuba ibali asikwazi ukufundwa kanye ukuba akanako, ushiye nabani akanankathalo. Ukususela emzonda ayo abe kwaye kukho mnye kuphela umnqweno; ukuba oku akwenzeki kwakhona. It is a ingqalelo ukuba K. Vorobiev akwazi ukubonisa ngokupheleleyo lonya ye ukruthakruthwano enjalo, kwenza abantu bacinge malunga kungakanani ubomi bomntu. Kodwa - ukuchaza indima emfazweni yonke imikhosi wayenesimo sengqondo kuyo, kuquka urhulumente kunye nobunkokheli yayo.