Ngechitin - ntoni na? Isicelo ngechitin

Ukuba ucinga ukuba iinkumbi ezityiwa kuphela kuMbindi Mpuma kunye namazwe athile e-Afrika, bayaphazama kunene. Izitya nezinambuzane, enyanisweni, rhoqo kusidla. Kukholelwa ukuba baluncedo kakhulu. Eminyaka, ngechitin iqukiwe nokwakhiwa ukutya, izithambiso, amayeza.

Nokuba kwi kumsonto zotyando kunye amabhandeji iminyaka emininzi zifakwe iyeza okanye ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso avela zabo. baqala ukwenza kuqala The Japanese. fashion Exotic alandwe abaseMelika nabaseYurophu. Ngoku ke baseRashiya abaye ukhwele kule kweziyobisi.

Ngechitin: yintoni

Yintoni na le nto kuthethwa ngayo? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso. Abo bethu abangekho bengamatshivela kwizifundo eziphilayo esikolweni, Kakade, eziqhelekileyo lo mbandela, njengoko ngechitin. Ntoni na, yaziwa abaninzi. Kule nto luqulathe yenamvuna. Noko ke, hayi kuphela ezi zilwanyana unayo. Ngechitin yinxalenye exoskeleton of arthropods: izinambuzane (amabhabhathane, amabhungane) kunye saselwandle esineqokobhe (lobster, Shrimp, unonkala).

Le into, ukongeza, ikwafunyanwa kwi kwiseli udonga nomngundo kunye amagwele. Kwakunye nezityalo - hayi yakutya izityalo zabo. Ngechitin kwakhona xa udonga lwawo cell.

isakhiwo ngechitin, isakhiwo ukwimo

Ulwazi malunga neempawu kunye nolwakhiwo neselulosi (ummeli ibalulekileyo polysaccharide leyo icandelo ezinkulu noshowo izityalo) namhlanje thaca kule ncwadi ngohlobo efikelelekayo. Noko ke, inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni na isakhiwo ngechitin, lincinane kakhulu. Noko ke, oko kanye isiseko sale nkqubo skeletal, nto leyo exhasa isakhiwo iseli zakha ngelaphu kwi Ulobuza kwezinambuzane, amaqokobhe crustacean, udonga iseli iintsholongwane kunye nomngundo. Zeziphi izigqeba chitinous zezinambuzane ezineqokobhe lukhuni semvelo, ngenxa ukuyilwa ezithile ngechitin-carbonate complex. Yena ivela njenge ngenxa yokulahlwa kwe kwezinto kwi calcium carbonate umdla kuthi, nto leyo isebenza uhlobo matrix ezingaphiliyo.

Kukho ukufana phakathi isakhiwo neselulosi kunye ngechitin. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo yokuqala substituent, ngechitin kwi le carbon atom 2 lelona qela unit acetamide aphantsi. Xa kwincindi, indima enye idlalwa hydroxyl. Macromolecules ngechitin lweenkobe (ngamanye amazwi, zendalo) zazidla ibe inani leeyunithi kunye ezamahala amaqela acid ephambili.

Iipropati Iluncedo ngechitin

Le into lifakiwe ukwenzela ukuphucula ivumba kunye incasa yokutya, ukuphucula ukubonakala, okanye isetyenziswa njenge ukubola. Kukho izongezo zokutya apho ikhoyo nokubakho. Ukwakhiwa ngechitin kukuba le nto na amayeza. Ingenelo kukholelwa ukuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• It abangaphangeliyo ukukhula iiseli zomhlaza;
• Ikhusela umzimba wethu kwimiphumo radiation;
• kuphucula amajoni omzimba;
• It ithintela uphuhliso kwamalungu omzimba kunye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, njengoko kwandisa imiphumo iziyobisi ezingcakacileyo igazi;
• It uyasokola ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo arhabaxa;
• Ekugayeni uphucula (kunciphisa iasidi esiswini, kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula bifidobacteria enenzuzo);
• igcina izinga eliphantsi cholesterol egazini lethu, inceda ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo kunye yamafutha;
• ibalekisa iinkqubo ukulungiswa kwithishyu.

A into luncedo kakhulu ngechitin. Yintoni na yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo amayeza, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba ukukhumbula.

Indlela eqhelekileyo ngechitin ngokwendalo

Ifumaneka kwindalo rhoqo. Ngoko kangangokuba iye ukuxhaphaka lesibini eliphezulu yonke into ephilayo (owokuqala bobabo ukuya yintlama). A Inani izazinzulu abakholelwa ukuba abantu kwixesha elizayo kuya kwenza ukuba ngechitin kuphela yokudla. Umzekelo, uSam Hudson, unjingalwazi Polymer chemistry, kutshanje ingxelo ukuba ngelo xesha lakalokunje, abaphandi zisemngciphekweni lokuvula "kwihlabathi elitsha", apho inani iimveliso ezinokuthi lungafumaneka ngechitin, ayiphele ndawo.

A incinane

Sixelele malunga nendlela konke yaqala ngokunxulumene into efana ngechitin. Yintoni na le nto ezifundwe ngenkulungwane ye-19. Emva ngo-1811, uNjingalwazi Genri Brakonno, umlawuli ibekwe Nancy (France), i-Garden Botanical waqalisa ukuphanda umchiza ukwakhiwa ngamakhowa. Ingqalelo sisazinzulu umdla into engaqhelekanga. Sulphuric acid akazange akwazi ukuyichitha kuyo. Oku kwaba ngechitin. Emva kwexesha kwaye kwacaca ukuba biopolymer izazinzulu ekhethiweyo esuka eFransi, ekhona hayi kuphela zomngundo. Yena eyafunyanwa maphiko kwezinambuzane.

Ngechitin, iimpawu ezo nangoku babefunda ngokwaneleyo, okuthiwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1823. Iguqulwe ukusuka 'ngechitin "lesiGrike lithetha" iimpahla ". Izazinzulu wakhululwa ngowe-1859 ukusuka iiprothini kunye calcium, wavuka waphuma kulo into entsha. Yayibizwa ngokuba chitosan. Le nto nokuba umdla nangakumbi kuneyokuqala. Oyenza isebenze umsebenzi zeselula, ukutshintsha secretion hormone ethukile ukuzeyisa, ukukhuthaza ukusebenza sempilweni komzimba kunye ebomini, njengoko kuboniswe izifundo kutshanje. Kwaye ezi zinto nje ezinye iimpawu zayo luncedo. Noko ke, ngechitin, emva kokuba zonke ezifunyaniswe sokuqala akukho mntu wayenomdla kweminyaka engamakhulu, ngaphandle lweengcali emxinwa.

Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 ukuba nako ukufumana indlela kuyingenelo impilo ezi izinto. Noko ke, abantu basafuna kakhulu aqala kudala ukutya arthropods kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, ngechitin izilwanyana.

Malunga izinambuzane ubudala kangakanani babesidla

Naxa incwadi ILevitikus eBhayibhileni sifumaneka iimbekiselo ukuba "ngongahlambulukanga" nezinambuzane "ezihlambulukileyo", oko kukuthi efanelekileyo ezingafanelekanga ukutyiwa ngabantu. Xa "ezihlambulukileyo", umzekelo, ziquka iintethe kunye iinkumbi. UYohane umbhaptizi entlango, esidla iinkumbi nobusi basendle. LikaHerodotus, le mbali yamaGrike, wakhankanya ukuba Afrika ukubamba ezi zinambuzane. Ke ukuba atshe kwi iinkumbi ilanga, wawagalela ubisi lwayo adle. Kukholelwa ukuba iinkumbi ebusini zange bangafuni nokuba amaRoma amandulo. Kwaye umfazi Mohammed, umseki Islam, wathumela yonke izithebe ezi zinambuzane njengesipho ngumfazi wakhe.

Kwinkundla Montezuma, umlawuli Indiya, ngexesha isidlo amaqela bakhonza iimbovane eluhlaza. Alfred Brehm, umkhenkethi odumileyo kunye nzulu, kwincwadi yakhe osihloko sithi "Ubomi Animal" wabhala yokuba abemi Sudan ukubamba ongena bayidle ngothakazelelo.

wandiyolisayo Modern of arthropods

izinambuzane uthando Deli igcinwa iintlanga ezininzi namhlanje. KuMbindi Mpuma, ngokunjalo kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika kwi zitrato kunye neevenkile bethengisa iinkumbi, kwaye iyabiza zokutyela menu usoloko iquka izitya kuyo. In the Philippines kuyaziwa iinketho ezininzi upheka iinyenzane. E Mexico, badle iintethe kunye bugs, skunks. EThailand, lacquer kunye ezidla amabhungane, kunye oohlabamanzi, ezinqunquthayo kunye iinyenzane.

ukudla ngechitin

Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngasekupheleni babenyuke naye ukutya lezinambuzane. Vincent Holt, semvelo IsiNgesi kunye nomhloli, baqala ukubiza, ngokuchaseneyo inyama-besitya kunye imifino ukuba entomophags (ebizwa ngokuba yi-izinambuzane ukutya). Holt, abazi ukuba ngechitin kunye chitosan ozdoravlivayusche senze emzimbeni, wabhala ukuba njengomthombo kwezondlo izinambuzane icocekile kwaye bephilile bondlekile ngaphezu kwezinye izilwanyana. Ngapha koko, bona ngokwabo ukutya imifino kuphela.

nexabiso lesondlo izinambuzane

Ndingalufumana ngokwaneleyo izinambuzane? Oku kwenza kube nzima, kodwa kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi xa sikhumbula into na iimpawu engummangaliso ngechitin. Ukusetyenziswa ukudla kakuhle, ukuba ubuncinane ingqikelelo rough ufuna kangakanani ukubamba iintethe, kwathunyelwa, iinyosi kunye iintubi, ukuba isixa ubunzima lwabo 100 grams. ixabiso lesondlo 100 grams zizinambuzane zilandelayo.

• Iintethe uya kuninika 20.6 protein 6.1 g namanqatha.
• Ubulongwe beetle - 17.2 g protein 3.8 g namanqatha.
• Ziintubi - 14.2 g protein kunye namafutha 2.2g.
• Iinyosi iqulethe 13.4 g protein kunye namafutha 1.4g.

Thelekisa i yenkomo - 23.5 g iiproteins kunye 21.2 grams ngamanqatha.

Kodwa entomophagy kuhlala kunjalo, exotic. Ekuhambeni kwexesha sethu, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimpawu aphilisayo ngechitin okanye chitosan, akukho mfuneko ukutya emise namaphela, esinazo lwento. Ukuze wenze oku, nje hamba uye evenkileni uze ukhethe into yokudla.

Studies olwenziwa kwilizwe lethu

Ukuqulunqwa ngechitin saqala yadalwa yiSoviet Union kwiminyaka 1960. Eli chiza kufuneka igalelo kukhuselo ngokuchasene radiation ionizing. Ukuphuhlisa ichiza elitsha kwaye zihlelwa emkhosini. Ukwakhiwa kwale medium ifihliwe ukususela ngoogqirha. Emva kokuba uthotho experimenti kwi nkawu, izinja kunye neempuku, bekubonakalisiwe ukuba ichiza kubanceda asinde ngisho emva kokuba ifumene ithamo ezinkulu radiation. Kungekudala emva koko, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba amancedo amayeza ngechitin abanalo ngabantu. iimpawu zabo nazo ayiphelelanga omnye kuphela isiphumo radioprotective.

Ndafumanisa ukuba ngechitin kunye nezakhi zayo bayakwazi ukusingatha komzimba, imihlaza, isifo wamathumbu, lwegazi kunye ezifana. D. ngechitin ukufakwa ngaphezulu igalelo ekwandiseni ixesha amanyathelo nezinye iziyobisi.

uphando lwakutshanje

Kwaye namhlanje iqhubeka ngophando lwe chitosan kunye ngechitin. ERashiya, ukuba izazinzulu abangene abangamalungu i-Russian ngechitin Society, eyasekwa ngo-2000. Oku kuquka kuphela ezo abaphandi abafunda ezi mathiriyeli ngqo, kodwa ke abameli namanye amasebe ngenzululwazi, kwakunye nezolimo, amayeza kunye noshishino. Best hitinologam Western ibhaso okhethekileyo Brakonnovskaya. Got igama layo ukuhlonipha Bracon, ngubani waba nguvulindlela ngechitin. Xa ilizwe lethu ibhaso enjalo ogama emva kokuba uPawulos Shorygina. Le academician ungumzondeleli yophando ngechitin.