Isiqubulo soovulindlela. Isithembiso esithembekileyo soovulindlela. Yonke Inhlangano Yobungqina Bombutho ebizwa ngokuba ngu-V. I. Lenin

"Yilungele!" Yaye impendulo - "Hlalani nilungile!" - la magama kubantu besizukulwana esidala, obuntwaneni babo babanjwe kwiSoviet Union, baqhelana kwaye baqondakala. Emva koko, kwiphepha eliqingqiweyo, isicatshulwa soovulindlela sandiva.

Kwenzeka njani konke

Isiseko sokwakheka koovulindlela kwakuyi-movement ye-scout eyayivela eRashiya, eyakhiwa ngaphambi kokuguqulwa (1917), injongo yaloo nto yayikuhlanganiswa kolutsha kunye nemfundo yabemi abafanelekileyo nabanobuchule belizwe.

Uthungelwano lwemibutho yabantwana luba malunga nama-scouts amawaka angama-50. Ngexesha leMfazwe yombango, badala iiyunithi "zabasemagunyeni abaselula" abancedayo ukukhangela abantwana abangenamakhaya. I-Scouts inikezela ngoncedo oluhlukeneyo kubemi.

Ngokuhambelanayo nokukhangela kwendabuko, ulawulo olutsha lwavela kweli lizwe: "YUK" (abakhomanisi abancinci), abafuna ukuhlanganisa iziseko zentsebenziswano kunye neengcamango zobukhomanisi. Nangona kunjalo, imfundo emitsha yolutsha - iKomsomol - yabona ukutshitshiswa kwabathandanayo, wagqiba ekubeni ayilahle. KwiCongress of the Young Communist League (1919), i-YUK yayityholwa ngokusondela kwingxaki yokukhuliswa kwabantwana ngokusemthethweni, kodwa ngokwenene isasaza "i-bourgeois scoutism". Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ukuba kutshabalalise zonke iintolo ezikhoyo.

Ukudalwa kwe-All-Union Pioneer Organisation

Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza umbuzo wokudala intlangano yabakhomanisi kwakufuneka ibuyele. Kwathi emva kokuthetha kwiziko eliqhelekileyo leKomiti ePhambili yeRKSM, umfazi kaVladimir Lenin, uN. Krupskaya. Ukhuthaze ngamandla ukuba iinkokheli zeKomsomol zicinge malunga nokudala uluntu lwabantwana, olubandakanya ifom yokutshintshana kunye nomxholo wobukhomanisi.

Kungekudala ikhomishini yenziwe, eyayiquka Innokenty Zhukov, owayesesikhundleni esidlulileyo kwi-Russian Scout Society. Nguye owakhuthaza ukuba amalungu ombutho omtsha wabantu abebizwa ngokuthi "oovulindlela".

Oovulindlela kwakufuneka bembethe intambo ebomvu kunye ne-blouse emhlophe (bobabini abaxhasi banemibala eluhlaza). Isiqubulo esithi "Yilungele!" - "Hlalani nilungile!" Ubolekwe kwi-scouts. Ukongezelela, umbutho woovulindlela ugcinwe ukuhlola okusemgangathweni: iifomu zezemidlalo zokukhuliswa, ukwahlula kube yimikhosi ekhokelwa yienkokheli, kunye neenkampu zomlilo zenkampu. Iilly kunye neepalals ezintathu, eziboniswe kwibheji yama-scouts, zatshintshwa ngaba vulindlela ngeelwimi ezintathu zomlilo.

Ngomnyaka we-1922, amaqumrhu oovulindlela aqala ukulungiswa kulo lonke ilizwe ukusuka kwiidolophana ezincinane ukuya kwiidolophu ezinkulu. Kwaye ngo-Oktobha i-5 yeCongress of the RCYU yenza isigqibo sokubambisana nabo bonke kwintlangano enye yobukhomanisi kubantwana, ekuthiwa "Abavulindlela abancinane. Spartacus. " Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufa kwe "nkokeli ye-proletariat" (1924), wanikwa igama likaLenin. Kwaye ukususela ngo-Matshi 1926 uvulindlela uye wafumana igama elisemthethweni-i-All-Union Union Pioneer Organisation egama lingu-VI Lenin.

Isakhiwo soovulindlela e-USSR

I-All-Union Union Lenone Pioneer Organisation yayingumbutho weeyunithi zamaRiphablikhi, zephondo, zengingqi, zedolophu nezithili, isiseko salo liqela.

I-Druzhiny idalwe ngqo kwizikolo, kwiinkedama kunye nezikolo zokubhoda. Ukuba bafumana abantu abangaphezu kwemashumi mabini, bavunyelwe ukwahlula kwiinkampani, apho bekufuneka ubuncinane ubuncinci abathathu. Ngokwesiko, iinqununu zadalwa kubantwana beminyaka efanayo, zaye zavunyelwa ukuba zifumane iinkampu zeevulindlela kunye neenkedama.

Amashishini, apho afunyanwa khona abantu abayishumi elinesihlanu, ahlukaniswe ngamaqhagamshelwano, entloko ye-link, ekhethiweyo kwiintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo.

Enyanisweni, i-squads yahlanganiswa ngabavulindlela beziko elilodwa lemfundo (esikolweni, intandane, neenkedama), kunye neenkampani, ngokulandelanayo, kwiklasi efanayo.

Ukulungiswa kwama-80

Kwiminyaka eyi-80 isakhiwo soovulindlela baseSoviet satshintshana. Kukho oovulindlela abakhulu abonakalayo - ikhonkco elungiselela ukujoyina iKomsomol. Bembethe ibheji ekhethekileyo, apho izixhobo zeKomsomol zazikho. Ukongezelela, bavunyelwe ukuba banxibe umntu omdala endaweni yokuba nguvulindlela.

Ulawulo lwenhlangano

Ulawulo lwe-All-Union Union Pioneer Organisation lwenziwa yiKomsomol (iKomsomol), eyayingaphantsi ngqo kwiCPSU. Ngaphantsi kwesicwangciso esifanayo, ulawulo luhlelwe kwiiyunithi ezihlukeneyo "zeLenin" ezincinane (izikolo, iinkedama zeenkedama, izikolo zebhodi). Zonke iinqununu, iinqununu kunye nobhala beebhunga leevulindlela, ukusuka kwiCentral ukuya kwizithili, baqinisekiswa kwiiplumums ezifanelekileyo zeKomsomol.

IiKomomol zeeKomomol zalungiselela abacebisi abaphezulu be-druzhas boovulindlela, bekhetha ukhetho lwabo kunye noqeqesho, kwaye baqhubeka nokuphakamisa iziqinisekiso zabo.

Ukuzilawula ngokwabaovulindlela

Iqela ngalinye, i-detachment okanye iyunithi yayinegunya layo, elibizwa ngokuba yiqoqo. Umsebenzi wokuqokelela i-detachment yayiquka ukufakwa kwabaviwa kubavulindlela. Kwakhona wakhuthaza "abaLenin" abancinci kakhulu ukuba bangeniswe kwiqela leKomsomol. Nangona, ekugqibeleni, phantse onke amalungu enhlangano ajoyina iKomsomol, njengasexesha lamaSoviet, kwakunzima kakhulu ukwakha umsebenzi oqhubekileyo ngaphandle kwezinga "ilungu leKomsomol".

Ngokumalunga nemibutho yamaphayona amakhulu, ukusuka kwisithili ukuya ku-All-Union, ngoko uhlobo lolawulo lwama-self-government lwalubizwa ngokuba yi-rallylies. Enyanisweni, bahlangana kuphela ngamaxesha. Ngaloo ndlela, iintlanganiso zamaRiphabliki kunye ne-All-Union zenzeka kanye ngexesha leeminyaka emihlanu, kunye nemihlangano yesithili nesithili kwisithuba seminyaka emibili ukuya kwimithathu.

Indlela yokuthatha oovulindlela

Ngoovulindlela, abantwana bangena ngokuzithandela, xa beneminyaka engama-9 ukuya kwe-14 kubandakanya. Kuya kuba yinto echanekileyo ukuthetha-ngokuzithandela-iminyanzelo.

Ngaphambi kokuba abe ilungu lenhlangano yovulindlela, umviwa wafumana uqeqesho. Waqhelana nembali yakhe, ukuxhaphazwa kwamaqhawe angamavulindlela ayenziwa ngexesha lemfazwe neJamani, wagcina ngekhanda "isithembiso esingummangaleli" ngentliziyo. Ukongeza, wachaza intsingiselo yempawu ezahlukileyo.

Njengomthetho, umhla wokungeniswa kokulandelayo kwintlangano kuye kwaziswa phantsi kweeholide zentolism. Esi siganeko sasiqhutywe kummandla oyingqumbo. Kodwa ukuwamkelwa kwangaphambili kwadlulelwa ngabanye ngokuvota ekuhlanganiseni i-detachment okanye i-druzhiny apho ukulungelelwa komviwa ukuthwala isikhundla "njengovulindlela" kuye kwaqikelelwa. Kwakunjani uhlobo lovavanyo. Emva kokudlula lo vavanyo, iLeninist yangaphambili yayinokuba nguvulindlela, kodwa ukugqithisa ibheji yenguvulindlela eneboyi ebomvu yayingenziwa emva kokunikezelwa kwemikhosi. Kwakubanjwe kumgca oqhelekileyo. Endaweni efanayo wanikela "Isibambiso esicacileyo sokuba nguvulindlela."

Ngelinye igama, inkqubo yokubanjiswa yayikude kwaye iphelele. Ngoko ke, nabani na oye bahamba nayo, ngenxa yobomi babakhumbula ukuba bathathe njani oovulindlela.

Isithembiso esibalulekileyo kunye nemithetho yoovulindlela

Ngaphambi kokuba ilungu elitsha lombutho liboshwe ngophawu olubomvu loPhayona, kwafuneka anike isithembiso esicacileyo kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo (umgca kwisikolo, esikolweni, nakwi-njll) apho azinikezele khona ukulungiselela isizathu seCPSU, ukuthanda amaMeland kunye nokuthobela imithetho yoovulindlela.

Babesekelwe kuzo zonke izinto ezilungileyo ukuba ilizwe lingathanda ukulibona kwisizukulwana esincinci: umnqweno wokukhusela ilizwe labo kwiintshaba, ukulwa nokuthula, ukuzama ukuba ngumKhomanisi oselula (Komsomol) kwaye ube ngumzekelo wabantwana (Oktobha). Ukongeza, zama ukuba ngumhlobo omhle, uhloniphe abadala, kwaye ke, uthathe inxaxheba ebomini kwintlangano yobuvulindlela.

Njengoko kwaziwa, inkqubo yeSoviet yanikezela indima ekhethekileyo kwingxowa-mali yamatementi. Iingoma, ii-posters, amabhanki, izibhengezo ngelo xesha zingadibana nazo zonke iinqanaba. Uvulindlela akakwazanga ukuhlala kude: isiqubulo soovulindlela ngumzekelo ocacileyo wale nto. Xa ebememezela, umfana uLenin waphakamisa ingalo yakhe egobile entendeni yakhe, ekhupha loo nto kuthiwa "nguvulindlela ongu-salute", ekugqibeleni, waba ngumqondiso wokubingelelana phakathi kwamalungu entlangano.

Isiqubulo soovulindlela

Isiqubulo soovulindlela senziwa ngamalungu amabini: umnxeba kunye nempendulo.

Isibheno sizwakala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Uvulindlela, lungele isizathu seqela lamaKhomanisi weSoviet Union!" Yaye ke impendulo yayiyi: "Njalo ulungele." Kodwa ngoxwebhu olupheleleyo, umbhalo wawudla ngokubhengezwa kuphela kwizihlandlo eziqhelekileyo okanye kwiintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo okanye iintlanganiso. Kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla i-motto yayichazwe kwinguqulo ebhaliweyo: "Yilungele!" - "Kulungile!".

Ubungqina bobuvulindlela, iimpawu kunye neempawu

Ifomu yobuvulindlela bendabuko ihambelane nomfaniswano wesikolo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo liye longezwa ngumqondiso owamkelekileyo ngokubanzi-umtya obomvu kunye nebheji yeyonavulindlela. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yokubhiyozela, kwafakwa intloko ebomvu entloko.

Iqela ngalinye elihlukeneyo lalinalo "igumbi loovulindlela", apho indawo ekhethekileyo yayigcinelwe ukugcinwa kwezinto: izibhengezo, izimpondo (izixhobo zomoya), iidrama, iifowuni ezisetyenziselwa ukuvula kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye nezibalulekileyo zentlangano yangaphakathi.

Ewe, ekubeni e-Soviet Union indawo eyimfuneko yanikwa ukuqeqeshwa, kwaye isizukulwana esincinane sifunde ukuhamba ngokusesikweni kwirejista, kwimibutho yamaphayona kwakukho neendlela kule akhawunti. Ngonyaka phakathi kwezixhobo zaqhutyelwa "ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kunye neengoma." I-jury yavandlakanya uqeqesho lokuqeqesha, iingxelo zentetho yobuvulindlela ezazifundwa kwindinyana, kunye nendlela yokubetha kwengoma yayivumelaniswe kwaye ihambelana ngokuvisisana.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba awuyikuqwalasela imvelaphi yezopolitiko, intlangano yeyona nto ibonelela indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni abantwana. Ngokwenene yonke into evela kwisiqubulo soovulindlela ukuya kwindlela yokugqoka, ibeka abantu abaselula ukuba bazigcinele kwaye banqwenela ukuziphucula ngokwabo, kunye nokuhlonipha abadala kunye nothando kuMamala. Ngamafutshane, uvulindlela wayengumzekelo kubo bonke abantwana baseSoviet.