E-Minsk, kukho enye indawo ekhethekileyo - isikhumbuzo se "Yama". Ukuba sele ufika apha ngokokuqala ngqa, umntu unokubona ubungangamsha kunye nokudabuka kweengqungquthela zesakhiwo. Kodwa ngelo xesha, engayazi imbali yaseBelarus, kunzima ukuqagela ukubaluleka kwalo mhlaba kwimephu yelizwe. Esi sikhumbuzo sinikezelwa kumaxhoba angenacala eNkqantosi. Kuphi isikhumbuzo, kwaye yintoni imbali yayo yinyani?
Ngo-Matshi 2, 1942 kwimbali yaseBelarus
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi YesiBini, i-Minsk yayihlala yimikhosi yabamtsha ukususela ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1944. Ngosuku lwesithathu lomsebenzi, onke amaYuda ahlala kuloo mzi ayalelwe ukuba anike yonke imali ekhoyo kunye nezinto ezixabisekileyo. Usuku olusemthethweni lwesiseko seghetto yamaYuda eMinsk ngu-19.07.1941. Injongo ephambili yokudalwa kwayo kwakuqala ukubhujiswa okuchanekileyo kwabo bonke abameli abakhethiweyo besi sizwe. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ubuncinane amabanjwa angama-100 000 abuzwe bamaYuda ayehlala kwindawo yaseGhetto eMinsk. Ngomhla wesi-2 ku-Matshi 1942-imini, ingena ngonaphakade kwiimbali zaseBelarus. Ngelo xesha, amabanjwa angama-5 000 abulawe kwintsimi yeghetto yamaYuda. Imizimba yabaninzi amaxhoba awela phantsi emhadini. Kwakusendaweni yakhe yenziwe ikhumbuzo iMinsk "Pit".
Ukudala i-Obelisk
Ububundlobongela obuqhutywe kwi-Minsk ghetto abukwazanga ukulibala emva kokukhululwa kwesi sixeko kwiintshaba zabahlaseli. Ngomnyaka we-1947, i-obelisk yayakhiwe kwindawo yokungcwaba yabanjwa ababethunjiweyo. Umbhalo kuwo uthi: "Inkumbulo eqaqambileyo kumawaka amahlanu amaYuda awafa ezandleni zeentshaba ezigqithiseleyo zoluntu-amaNazi-aseJamani ngo-Matshi 2, 1942". Yintoni ephawulekayo, isicatshulwa sisitampu kwi-obelisk ye-granite kungekhona kuphela ngesiRashiya, kodwa nakwiYiddish. Le yikhumbuzo yokuqala kwi-USSR kumaxhoba okuQhukula kweNdawo, apho yavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenzisa isiYiddish. Umbhali wemigca ngumlobi uHltinsky. Yintoni ephawulekayo, nangona imvume efunyenweyo yoyilo lwesikhumbuzo, kamva waxotshwa kwinkampu yeGulag. Ndabandezeleka ngenxa yokudalwa kwam kunye nelayethi eyayisebenza kwi-obelisk - uMorduh Sprishen. Kodwa, nangona konke oku, isikhumbuzo se "Pit" sikhoyo namhlanje. I-obelisk yokukhunjulwa yenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwezakhiwo.
Ukulungiswa kwakhona komgodi. Iqela elidwebayo "Indlela yokugqibela"
Ngonyaka ka-2000, isikhumbuzo esinikwe amaxhoba okuQothulwa kweNkohlakalo eMinsk saqulunqwa kwakhona. Ukususela kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha, yonke imisebenzi yenziwe ngesandla, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamatshini wokwakha kunye neendlela. Ukucwaningwa kwezinto zakudala kwiindawo ezikhunjulwayo akuzange kwenziwe. Isikhumbuzo esithi "Yama" esikhumulweni saseMinsk sagqitywa ngokubunjwa kwemifanekiso. Ngaphandle kwezitebhisi eziya kwisikhululo somthi, zilula umgca weebanjwa ezihla ekufeni. Amanani ayabheka i-haggard kwaye ayifani ngokuzenzekelayo. Bafana nemimoya ebuhlungu kunabantu. Isikhumbuzo sabizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iNdlela yokugqibela, abalobi balo nguyena umyili wezakhiwo uL. Levin, abadwebi be-A. Finsky, uE. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba okokuqala kwakucwangciswe ukwenza ukuba inani lamabanjwa liveze ngakumbi. Ngokutsho kwenguqu yokuqala yeprojekthi, phakathi kokubhujiswa kwakufuneka kube: owesifazane okhulelwe, umculi, kunye nabameli bezinye izakhono zokudala nezentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa, okubandakanya izibalo zomntu ezibuhlungu kunye ne-asexual, ekugqibeleni kwamkelwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kule ndlela, iqela elibonakalayo likhangeleka.
Kuphi isikhumbuzo "I-Pit" eMinsk? Umfanekiso wesiganeko
Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwindlela yaseMelnikayte yesitalato. Ephantse kwesikhumbuzo yintlambo yeLungisa, eyazinikezela kumaBelarusian abanobomi, ababenomdla kwaye banceda amaYuda ngexesha lokulwa. Ukufikelela kule ndawo engakukhunjulwa kulula kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke. Isiteshi seMetro kufuphi nesiFranzenskaya. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uye kwindawo yokuthutha komhlaba "Yubileinaya Hotel" ngeebhasi: 1, 1n, 69, 73, 119 kunye no-163. Isikhumbuzo esithi "Yama" sivulekile iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, ukungena kukhululekile.
Ingqiqo yabemi besixeko kunye neengcamango zabakhenkethi
Abantu abaninzi abaye batyelela isikhumbuzo esinikwe kwimemori yexhoba leNkohlakalo kwiMinsk inqaku lokuba le ndawo ikhethekileyo. Akulungele ukufunyanwa apha, kodwa abantu abanokwenzakalayo akufuneki ngokusemgangathweni. Nangona kunjalo, nangona iimbali ezibuhlungu, le ndawo yindawo yenkcubeko yabemi abaninzi baseBelarus. AmaYuda kunye nabameli bezinye iintlanga beza rhoqo beza kuhlonipha inkumbulo yeziboshwa ezingenabubele zokubulala i-Minsk ghetto. Kwiintsuku zememori, iintlanganiso kunye nezinye iimbasa zentlalo zigcinwe apha. Yintoni ephawulekayo, nangona ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yasemadolobheni, i-"Yama" ayifumaneki kakhulu kwiinkcukacha zokuvakasha. Kodwa inzala yeendwendwe zedolophu kwisikhumbuzo iyanda minyaka yonke. Kulula kakhulu ukufumana isikhumbuzo se "Pit" e-Minsk, idilesi yesi sibonelo esibuhlungu: isitalato iMelnikayte. Iimbali ezimbalwa ezikrakra zidibaniswe nesityekiso kumaxhoba okuHoloka. Ngexesha elide, "Yama" unobungozi bokungqubuzana, okubangela ukukhala okukhulu kwabantu.