Into emasimini ngemagnethi. magnetic intsimi intsebenziswano kunye nomongo

ukufihla Zingaphi nesenzeko phaku kwaye engekasonjululwa iimfihlelo iplanethi yethu! Ke abemi mkhanya Umhlaba ukususela kwinkulungwane enye ukufunda imithetho, ukuba kunjani, ukuba zizakhele, bathabatha izigqibo yaye zisebenzise iintlondi zabo. Iimfihlelo yonke indalo rhoqo esifubeni abantu, ukutyhala kuzo zonke amalinge ezintsha ekufuneni inyaniso kunye imikhondo. Enye yezi iimfihlelo na ukuziphatha into entsimini ngemagnethi.

Kokuma zokuqala magnetic

Ngokutsho ilivo, umalusi wamandulo ogama Magnus wakha wafumanisa ukuba abasebenzi wakhe ugxunyekwe kwicala otyhidiweyo of elulwalweni. Yena (ilitye) kwaye anikezelwe lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo. Ngokutsho kwenye inkolelo, igama elithi "umazibuthe" kunye ulwimi lesiGrike elithetha "ilitye lesuka Magnesia", emva kokuba isixeko Magnesia, apho kuye kwafunyaniswa amasimi ngemagnethi. Nkqu amakhulu ambalwa BC, amaTshayina baye baqaphela ukuba ezinye amatye zibanjwa kunye ngendlela yokuba bakwazi ejikelezayo ngokukhululekileyo, gqolo Makaphambukele indlela ethile.

Njani ikhampasi

Ingqalo ngekompas yayakha of magnetite icephe ngentonga elifutshane nga ajikeleziswe ejikeleza isangqa. Emva kwexesha elithile, emva kokuvula icephe, wayeka, kunye nomxholo yayo yisa ukuya emntla. Kodwa ezi mpembelelo zincinane ukuze bakwazi jikeleza kuphela ikhampasi lathamba apha.

oomatiloshe kamva kufakwa nosiba kwi straw kwaye ufake kwi isitya ngamanzi. Ngeendiza usoloko ibonisa indlela ngasentla - ezantsi. Isizathu soku, meko ngoko nangoku unexplored - uhlobo yentsimi ijikeleza uMhlaba, leyo ubuchule kuchaphazela izinto kuyo, uze ubone indlela yabo.

sphere Magnetic emhlabeni uMhlaba

Umhlaba wethu sphere bayirhawula, abasebenzi zemagnethi, igama layo - lo mhlaba otsalayo. Nangona nenguqulo imvelaphi kuwo ayiqinisekiswanga, kodwa Geophysics ngokusisiseko abavumelana nebinzana ukuba kukho mhlaba otsalayo ngenxa ukwakhiwa undoqo yentsimbi iplanethi yethu. Njengokujikeleza Umhlaba inegalelo nokusekwa etyhidiweyo ebuntsimbi core gqolo ukuhamba iindleko zombane, ezo ezikhokelela polya.Zemlya ngemagnethi kufutshane kuzo, ngaloo ndlela omele umazibuthe enkulu, nto leyo usabela kunye ngekompas.

Iimpawu kunye nohlobo umazibuthe

Ezitsalwa ngumazibuthe, ezifana labo bayathanda ukuba uhombise efrijini okanye ukubamba inqaku ekhitshini, abe iipropati kunokuba umdla. Ukuziphatha kwezinto kuloo mhlaba otsalayo ixhomekeke izinto ukuba abhale ezi izinto. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngumazibuthe babambelele intsimbi okanye intsimbi into. Kwaye kutheni na oku? Wonke umazibuthe uye izibonda ezimbini. Ukuba wenza eksperimenti ugcine iperi iimagnethi close enye ecaleni kwenye, kuvela ukuba kwipali esentla omnye etsala okwahlukileyo - kumzantsi - kwipali enye. Noko ke, ukuba uthe ukhankase umazibuthe ezifanayo esibondeni, baya kusoloko ukubuyiselana. Elektroni, leyo kugxile eziba atom kuba ziindleko ezimbi zombane. Esisukela amasuntswana icala lenza intsimi nosiba egobile kweziporo ezinkulu ngeenxa zonke.

Ngokomzekelo, xa isibane zikhanyiswe, umbane ehamba kweentambo wayo, kwaye electron ukuhambisa ukusuka atom omnye komnye, nasesangqeni iintambo kuvela sibubona buthathaka. Ngokufanayo, intsimi olunamandla ngemagnethi avela ngcingo aphezulu ombane. Umbane kunye ubutsalane amacandelo amabini abambele electromagnetism. electron nganye olujikelezayo axis ngathi iplanethi uguqulela kwi orbit owakha ndzhendzheleko encinane yangoku yombane yaso kudala mhlaba otsalayo ngoqobo yayo. Kweziyobisi ngendlela mhlaba otsalayo siziphathe ngenye indlela eyahlukileyo.

Indlela magnetic intsimi intsebenziswano kunye nomongo

Ngokomzekelo, phantsi amanyathelo lo mhlaba otsalayo lwenzeka kwi yeplastiki ziquka intsimi ezincinane kazibuthe ngamnye athom Nokwethisa kunye ngenxa izibonda zabo ezikhokelwa kumacala ahlukeneyo. Kodwa athom yentsimbi zilungiswe ezinjalo ukuba izinto okukwaziyo magnetized. I-atom kuzo ziqokelelwa kumaqela kwaye kuthiwa domain ngemagnethi. domain ngalinye elincinane ubunjwe ezigidi amasuntswana kunye onke amasimi owahluke ngokwemvelo, leyo kwicala elinye, kwaye iba ngokwalo umazibuthe wakhe omncinane. Iziqwenga yentsimbi ngokwabo amathambeka ngokukhomba kumacala ahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ukurhoxisa omnye komnye, yaye ngokuzimeleyo isinyithi nga kombisa ku iipropati ngemagnethi. Ukudala umazibuthe yonke imimandla kufuneka ibekwe kwicala elinye, ngoko isiqwenga yentsimbi magnetize latsala zonke izinto metal endhawini. Indlela yokwenza intsimbi domains ezibekwe ngendlela efanayo? Nje, kufuneka ubeke isiqwenga yesinyithi lo mhlaba otsalayo. Beziyakulifuna elinye emva kwelinye, amathambeka efakwe kwi kwicala entsimini. Ngaloo ndlela uya kutsala atom ezinye izikhululo, ukwandisa ubukhulu.

Kungekudala, uninzi ezi zinto ziya kudala umgca, kwaye isiqwenga yentsimbi ngokwayo uba umazibuthe uya kutsala ku ngokwayo yonke pin, inzipho okanye enye metal izinto endhawini. Ngoko ke magnetization lo mhlaba otsalayo umbandela kwi anda kakhulu. Kodwa njengoko bathi, ngcono ukubona kanye kunokuba ukuva izihlandlo ezilikhulu. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kwaye bahlola isenzeko. Indlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthini?

Le Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye magnetization kwezi zinto nako kuqwalaselwa umzekelo ekhaya. Kwanele ukwenza amava elula. Thatha isikhonkwane encinane, wasibeka phezu iifriji umazibuthe wakhe. domain zakhe kukulayinisha ngokukhawuleza, kunye kwethutyana isikhonkwane ngokwayo iya kuba umazibuthe, ngokusebenzisa apho kuya kuba lula ukuba aphakamise iphina.

Ukumiselwa lo mhlaba otsalayo

Ukuze ukufunda lo mhlaba otsalayo kwi indaba iintlobo ezimbini imisinga - makrotoki namancinci. Makrotokami abo ukuba wadala isindululo lwemizimba ongatshintshiyo ityala. Microcurrent ebizwa imisinga ngokushukumisa elektroni e athom, iimolekyuli kunye ion. Lo mhlaba otsalayo kwi eziphathekayo ukudala amasimi ezimbini: i makrotokami wadala yangaphandle nangaphakathi - microcurrent kwakhiwa.

Kakhulu into magnetic

An into umdla kukuba ngokwendalo kukho umazibuthe wokwenene - a lodestone ngezimbiwa. Kodwa ke isambuku imizimba kunye nentsimi yayo zibuthe, kusekho zamntu ngumntu. Yeyona yomeleleyo aba ngabo abamele ingxubevange of neodymium, zentsimbi kunye boron. Kwaye yintoni ke into magnetic namhlanje? Izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. zesayensi Group evela Minnesota udale into entsha eliquka athom zesinyithi 16 no-2 initrogen, nto leyo luphawulwa permeability magnetic yi-18% ngaphezulu kunolo inamandla - neodymium - umazibuthe.

Zeziphi umazibuthe

Lo mhlaba otsalayo kulo mbandela, ngamafutshane, kuxhomekeke umazibuthe. Ukubeka nayiphi na nabo mhlaba otsalayo yenza nemagnethi kulo mbandela. Iintlobo iimagnethi ezi zilandelayo: diamagnetic, paramagnetic kunye ferromagnetic izinto. Amasimi kakhulu ezinamandla ukudala ferromagnets, ngenxa yokuba iipropati eliphezulu ngemagnethi. izinto ezinjalo ziquka intsimbi, nickel, ayibe, izinyithi onge umhlaba kunye aluminium zabo, ngokunjalo chromium kunye aluminium manganese. Kubo ukwenza iimagnethi abasisigxina, ngokuba endle ferromagnetic akuthethi shwaka emva kokupheliswa lo mhlaba otsalayo.

Paramagnetic ilifa permeability eliphezu umanyano kubushushu igumbi kancinci. Ezinjalo zizinto imagnethi magnetized ezimbi, kodwa ngokunciphisa lobushushu, iimpawu kazibuthe kuzo ziyanda. Xa paramagnet ziquka, umzekelo, isinyithi ioksijini, platinum, i-aluminiyamu, umhlaba ezinqabileyo.

Diamagnetics - olunye uhlobo izinto, le permeability yazo leyo inganeno kancinane nje ngobunye, iimpawu zabo ngemagnethi nokuba buthathaka. Kwabo oluphezulu iintsimbi ezininzi ezifana bismuth, nesilivere, negolide, nobhedu, ngokunjalo namanzi kunye organic. Ulwazi olunomdla ukuba iipropati ferromagnetic shwaka, kunye isinyithi kunye abe paramagnetic demagnetized xa itshiswe ukuya kwiqondo elithile (Curie point).

Ukusebenzisa i zibuthe

Abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa ukuze kulungelwe iimpawu ezikhankanywe umbandela kulo mhlaba otsalayo: ferromagnets azohlukaniswa ekwenziweni zobunjineli bombane kunye nekhompyutha. Ukuba inokufumaneka abaguquli, Motors, kwaye ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, bavumela ukuba ukwandisa lo mhlaba otsalayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha zangoku coil.

Ukusasazwa izinto ezifana unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. zisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye nokuhlolwa, ore lokunxibela. Kule mihla amayeza usebenzisa iimagnethi ukuba isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusisiseko, umsebenzi izixhobo diagnostic isekelwe kwi intshukumo isimaphambili se umazibuthe esisigxina. Umzekelo, ocular isibonisi tonometer kufuneka ukubona neglaucoma kusekwangoko. Isetyenziswa kutyando kunye microsurgery, izixhobo ngozibuthe ngenxa yokubulala nesinyithi kwiindawo Isiqwenga yabantu. Umgaqo zawo zokusebenza kwakhona isekelwe phezu iimpawu umazibuthe ngaphandle uqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi. nemiphumela ebanzi therapeutic abe umhlabelo ezahlukeneyo Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye applicators. Baya ephelisa intlungu kumisa inkqubo nangokurhala, nezifo ezininzi baphathwa yi isiphumo mhlaba otsalayo phezu imimandla esebenzayo omzimba womntu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Cleopatra wasebenzisa izacholo nosiba, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokubambezeleka ukwaluphala.

Ixabiso lo mhlaba otsalayo ukuba iplanethi

Lo mhlaba otsalayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi emhlabeni. Okokuqala, oko isebenza njengomkhuseli kubemi Umhlaba kunye Hewana ukusuka nempembelelo okungakhuselekanga lwemizimba yesiqalo. Phantsi impembelelo lo mhlaba otsalayo ukutshintsha necala eya ngakulo. Abaphandi bayavuma ukuba ezinye umhlaba abanazo engundoqo otyhidiweyo, yaye ngenxa yoko lo mhlaba otsalayo, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu inani iiplanethi kunokwenzeka elimiweyo. Earthlings nasengozini ishiywa ngaphandle entsimini ukhuselo. Ke ukuba nithi oku kuya kwenzeka nini, yaye alithathwanga Geophysics. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-160 izibonda Imagnethi - angasentla nangasezantsi - ezahlukeneyo phakathi amaxesha malunga nekhulu. I loo mcimbi lokugqibela senzeka kwiminyaka 720.000 eyadlulayo, kwaye Earth uhlaselwa amasuntswana yesiqalo. Enye ingcamango echaza ekutshabalaleni na Dinosaurs, uthi ezi ngxilimbela zinyamalale nje ngenxa yeso sizathu.

Lo mhlaba otsalayo iba thinner

Geophysics, uhlaziye iimpawu lo mhlaba otsalayo, wafumanisa ukuba kukho kuvela iishifti ezingakhuselekanga ukuba zirekhodwe nto ngaphambili. In the South Atlantic Imagnethi umaleko mlomo kancinci. Kule minyaka 150 idlulileyo, intsimi apha lepesenti ithambile ezilishumi. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba shift pole kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kwisithuba seminyaka eli-100 ukususela ekuqaleni inversion. Yintoni isizukulwana iya kuyigcina esi senzeko kwaye oko kuya kuchaphazela njani abemi Earth, akwaziwa, kodwa kukho ingxelo ukuba kutshintshwe izibonda ezo ziya kube yingozi yinjineli yombane.

izaqhwithi Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye nefuthe lazo abantu

Ngamanye amaxesha yimagnethi yomhlaba iya kuphazamiseka - na izaqhwithi owahluke ngokwemvelo, kuxhomekeke ngqo elangeni. Kwisithuba eyandileyo umsebenzi elanga kukho ukukhululwa kakhulu amandla, into leyo eyenza igalelo ekwakhiweni ngayo amadangatye elanga. Kulo mzekelo, umlambo omkhulu amasuntswana ebizwayo idla eMisaveni ngesantya esiphezulu - 500-1000 kweekhilomitha ngomzuzwana, ukudala intsimi eyomeleleyo ngemagnethi. Le emfuleni ifikelela emhlabeni ngo kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Ukujamelana endle enamandla ezimbini zibuthe, yaye ekugqibeleni aphazamiseke yimagnethi yomhlaba. Indoda babeqhele ukuya eqhelekileyo lo mhlaba otsalayo, kunye izaqhwithi owahluke ngokwemvelo, impilo yakhe iyatshintsha.

Abantu enengqondo ezahlukeneyo owahluke ngokwemvelo, ziphembelela ngemagnethi uqhwithela yabantu kuxhomekeke imeko yayo yempilo. Maxongo impilo, amandla lifinyele, uwela okhubazekileyo, kukho ubuthathaka, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, yayisiba nokusebenza kwenkqubo luvo (inani iimpazamo ukunyuka, kunenani lokungaphumeleli kwaye neengozi ukunyuka). Ngokunxulumene imbonakalo kumphezulu lombane ngezixhobo ngezo ntsuku inokuba kukophula yomsebenzi wabo.

Indlela abasabela ngayo izilwanyana zasendle magnetic

Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba iintaka kakuhle kakhulu va endle kazibuthe Umhlaba kwaye ubone oko. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iintaka - abantu ukhetheke ngale ndlela: amandla magnetic kubanceda ukuba bafumane izindlu zabo ngexesha moya kwi imigama kakhulu.

Imagnethi yomhlaba esetyenziswa Ufudo ulwandle esasihamba. Izilwanyana eliphezulu ngemagnethi umzekelo iikati kwangaphambili ukuphendula utshintsho ngemagnethi ngamandla entsimini. ukuziphatha silwanyana singaqhelekanga kwaphawulwa phambi kokuba iinkanyamba kunye neenyikima. Ukuze ubone tsunami okanye inyikima eJapan akwariyam ezinkulu ziqulathe blackheads ukuba phambi nezibangelwa aphakame kumphezulu kwaye ukhathazekile, eziva perturbations olomeleleyo lo mhlaba otsalayo.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Impembelelo mhlaba otsalayo phezu kwabemi iplanethi yethu okwangoku babefunda ngokupheleleyo, izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele nje wavula umkhusane imfihlelo uMhlaba ezama ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Kodwa inkqubela akemi ngxi, kwaye inzululwazi likhula ngokukhawuleza kule mihla, ngoko ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi isizukulwana esilandelayo iya kuyazi impendulo uninzi imibuzo apho walwa iingqondo ilungileyo ebantwini.