Le permeability Imagnethi ukwimo

Ubudlelwane phakathi lo mhlaba otsalayo (H) kunye loxinano magnethi obhobhozayo (B) xa umbandela iphawulwa wobungakanani emzimbeni ebizwa ngokuba permeability ngemagnethi. ingundoqo magnetic permeability medium - umlinganiselo B ku- H. Ngokutsho International System of Units ulinganiswa ezibizwa 1 henry imitha nganye.

A Ixabiso yamanani oluvakaliswe umlinganiselo yobukhulu balo ukuba ubukhulu permeability yayo kazibuthe emoyeni kwaye luchazwa yi μ. Eli xabiso kuthiwa isihlobo magnetic permeability (okanye permeability) medium. yindlela isalamane, akukho iiyunithi.

Ngoko ke, isihlobo ngemagnethi permeability μ - ixabiso ebonisa amaxesha amaninzi kangakanani entsimini yoqheliso medium ingaphantsi (okanye ngaphezulu) ye zidle induction zibuthe.

Xa sebesazi ngale into, iba magnetized yi lo mhlaba otsalayo lwangaphandle. Yenzeka njani le nto? Ngokutsho hypothesis ka Ampere, yonke imibandela rhoqo ajikelezayo kwemisinga zombane obungabonakaliyo zibangelwa ukuhamba elektroni omise zabo phambi kwabo mzuzu ngemagnethi. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, le Umbutho uphazamisekile, intsimi "ucime" (ukurhoxisa) kwezinye. Xa ubeka umzimba esigangeni yangaphandle imisinga odola, kwaye umzimba magnetized (m. E. Ukuba lentsimi yayo).

zonke izinto i permeability eyahlukileyo. Ngokusekelwe kulo ixabiso layo, ukwahlulwa umcimbi ngokuxhomekeke ngokwamaqela amakhulu amathathu.

Xa ixabiso diamagnetic of permeability magnetic μ - kancinane ngaphantsi kwe omnye. Umzekelo, bismuth μ = 0,9998. Ngu diamagnetic zezi zinc, ilothe, zwi, rock ityuwa, ikopolo, iglasi, hydrogen, benzene, amanzi.

Le permeability Imagnethi leeyunithi lilikhulu kancinci paramagnetic (ngokuba μ = 1,000023 aluminiyamu). Imizekelo paramagnetic - nickel, ioksijini, Tungsten, ebonite, platinum, initrogen, umoya.

Ekugqibeleni, iqela lesithathu lilungu inani kwezinto (ubukhulu becala isinyithi kunye aluminium), permeability ogama ngemagnethi yi kakhulu (yi-odolo ezininzi ubukhulu) lingaphezu umanyano. Ezi izinto - ferromagnets. Ngokomthetho apha ziquka nickel, intsimbi, ayibe kunye aluminium zabo. Kuba μ steel = 8 ∙ 10 ^ 3 kuba ingxubevange nickel-yentsimbi μ = 2.5 ∙ 10 ^ 5. Ferromagnetic ilifa kwesakhiwo ukwahlula kwezinye izinto. Okokuqala, banalo ubutsalane intsalela. Okwesibini, permeability yabo umsebenzi we lwangaphandle induction endle. Okwesithathu, ngamnye kubo kukho ubushushu ethile kunongeno, ebizwa ingongoma Curie apho ithe iimpawu zayo ferromagnetic kwaye lube paramagnetic. Kuba nickel Curie point - 360 ° C, ukuze yentsimbi - 770 ° C.

Iimpawu ferromagnets limisela permeability nje kuphela kodwa ubukhulu mna, obizwa ngokuba magnetization ukwimo. Lo ngumsebenzi nonlinear entsonkothileyo yoqheliso magnetic, ukukhula ichazwa umgca magnetization ekuthiwa magnetization curve. Ngenxa yoko, osewufikelele ingongoma ethile, loo magnetization phantse liyayeka ukwandisa (Ukwanda ngemagnethi kwenzeka). ixabiso ukusilela magnetization ferromagnetic ukusuka ubukhulu okukhulayo yangaphandle induction Imagnethi kuthiwa hysteresis. Kulo mzekelo, kukho uxhomekeke kukho ferromagnet lweempawu otsalayo nje kuphela kwi imeko yayo okwangoku, kodwa magnetization yayo yangaphambili. ukumelwa Ujongano kwalo msebenzi curve kuthiwa hysteresis loop.

Ngenxa yayo, izinto ferromagnetic ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimizobo. Zisetyenziswa kwi rotors yeemowutha neejenereyitha, ekwenziweni umphakathi sombane kunye baphinde umoya, ekwenziweni kwezinto kweekhompyutha elektroniki. Iimpawu kazibuthe izinto ferromagnetic zisetyenziswa tape maza, iifowuni, tape kunye nezinye izinto ezigcina iinkcukacha.