Into ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha imoto - umthamo injini

nyaka ngamnye inani neemoto kwiindlela zethu lukhula ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Kwaye oku Ayimangalisi. izithuthi Road - ukwenza kanye bekhululekile kakhulu, ukuba alisayi kuwathathela hooter akhawunti kwezithuthi. Umntu utshintsha imoto ngathi isikhuseli. Kuba abantu abanjalo awunamdla yokusebenza. Banike udumo ubukhazikhazi. Kwaye kukho abasebenzi nzima kwesiqhelo Ngubani ugcine up for imoto iminyaka embalwa. Aba bantu kufuneka nje ukuqonda "Akunakuba 'emotweni.

Yintoni i imoto ngaphandle "injini"? Ukuba injini intliziyo yaso nasiphi na isithuthi ezine-ezinamavili. Le yunithi luphawulwa umthamo wayo. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo we-injini - iseti imithamo zonke iziqulathi. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge imoto kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni na injini iphantsi ukwesona ukuba ngokucacileyo. Kuxhomekeka zamafutha asetyenziswe, iinjini bohlulwa babe ipetroli, idizili kunye hybrid.

Kwilizwe lethu, abaqhubi beemoto bakhetha uhlobo lokuqala. Ngoku iinjini ipetroli kuza kunye injector kunye nenkqubo-elekhtrons zokusasaza. iikopi Otto ayaphela. abathandi SUV bakhetha "injini" idizili. Aba matshini ukunika torque ephakamileyo, nto leyo ngamandla kakhulu ekhula. iimoto umkhweli with "iinjini" idizili kwilizwe lethu mbana. Kukho isizathu sokuba athathe i "injini" Local ukuba woyise i-50, yaye amawaka nangakumbi yeekhilomitha.

Kuba iinkqubo hybrid, iindlela kwegunya ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomthetho le injini kuxhaswa yi amandla elanga, umbane, kunye hydrogen. Kakade ke, ubukhulu injini yemoto kancinane. Nakuba kunjalo, iindleko zamafutha nakanye. Kufuneka ukuba sikhohlele ufakelo, nto leyo iza amandla. Ngelishwa, uyibone phezu kweendlela yeemoto ezinjalo eRashiya. yonke Ingongoma iindleko kunye neengxaki ezivela ukulungiswa eziphakamileyo. Izikhululo inkonzo eziZodwa kweli lizwe musa.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na umthamo we-injini, kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze ngendlela elula siseko ukusebenza. Kukho combustor. Kwesi sithuba, ibekwe kunye umxube fuel umoya. Enye iindonga lwegumbi yi piston. Yena nto ihamba. Nge yintlantsi ucinezelo zamafutha ephakamayo. Loo mandla kwamiswa ngenxa dubulo osebenzisa piston. imikhosi yokugqibela ukususa i crankshaft. Ngenxa yoko, imoto oqalwe isantya. Kakade ke, le ngcaciso, ngoko ukuthetha, "kwi iminwe". Kodwa oku ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde ukuba umthamo we-injini, enyanisweni, kukuthi ivolyum ukutshiswa egumbini.

Loo nto yonke. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi zakhono injini. Nguwo lowo udibaniso umthamo yokusebenza lombhobho piston yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini. Inani ngeesentimitha eziyi-cubic meter kugqiba umthamo yunithi. Kakade ke, lo injini ukubana - an kwingongoma ebalulekileyo ichaza iimpawu ngamandla. Kule ezimotweni bohlulwa babe mikrolitrajnyiy (1.1 iilitha), midget (1.3-1.7) srednelitrazhnye (1,8-3,5) kunye krupnolitrazhnye (iilitha ezingaphezu 3.5). Le ukwabiwa - ikhowudi, usebenza "injini" ipetroli. Nge idizili injini, nomfanekiso kancinane kancane ezahlukene.

Okwangoku, ingcamango yokuba ihamba ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo esekelwe variable injini ukubana yi inkqubo yekhompyutha leyo qhawula iperi cylinder phantsi imithwalo ukukhanya ukugcina amafutha. Inxalenye encinane ye-American lemoto lixhotyiswe nkqubo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukusindisa-20% yesibaso. Kukho uphuhliso ukutshintsha linenxeba lalo piston ngeendlela ngomatshini. Noko ke, olunye uhlolisiso le ezintsha Abazange beze. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukumisela yokuba inkqubela akemi ngxi, yaye kungekudala siza kuba uyakholiswa izazinzulu zabo ngeentlondi luncedo entsimini ngezobunjineli. Nangona kunjalo, i-injini iya kuba sisalathisi esibalulekileyo isixa amandla naliphi na inqanaba lophuhliso.