Intanda zenkulungwane yama-20.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 kuye kubekho inguqu chu kude yakudala inguqu kwamagingxi bulumko non-classical, kwaqalisa ixesha ngokutshintsha isampula kunye nemigaqo yokucinga bulumko. Intanda yenkulungwane XX sachaza kwicala classical njenge uhlobo trend iyonke okanye isimbo yokucinga leyo yinqobo malunga namakhulu amathathu era yokucinga Koloni. Ngeli xesha, indlela yokucinga mkhuba lakudala wadutyulwa nge ngemvo ezilungelelaniswe ngayo izinto kunye esisiso onokuqondwa kwithiyori ulwazi. Amarhamente khosi yamandulo babekholelwa ukuba ingqondo - Yiyo le sixhobo ukuguqulwa ezingundoqo eziphambili kubomi babantu. Amandla isiqinisekiso ezinika ithemba isisombululo iingxaki ngokukhawulezileyo lobuntu, wavakalisa njengoko lwazi kunye nolwazi enengqondo.

Ekhulwini XX. ngenxa yokuba inani lotshintsho zentlalo nenkcubeko, ezifana ngenkqubela lwenzululwazi ulwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe phambili, longquzulwano iklasi wayengekho ukhohlakele kunjalo, kwaba ngayo kwinkulungwane ye-19. ifilosofi Western kwinkulungwane yama-20 zafumana yokwanda kwinzululwazi yeengcingane, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni nenyaniso yokuba inkqubo eziphathekayo, ndinamaphupha, bafumana ukuba alwanelanga ekuchazeni le ngxaki yenzeka ezenzululwazi noluntu utshintsho. Kwizikolo bulumko longquzulwano kwinkulungwane yama-20 ka idealist kunye neengcamango izinto akukho kuphinda ahlala indawo yangaphambili elibalaseleyo, luvula indlela iindlela ezintsha.

Intanda kwinkulungwane yama-20 wayezimisele ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo classical musa sele ukuhlangabezana abameli ezininzi kwemisinga bulumko ngenxa yokuba olahlekelwe ingcamango yokuba umntu onjalo. Ukwahluka neyodwa ye wabonakala luluvo womntu, njengokuba abanye abefundisi yexesha, asikwazi "yanxitywa 'iindlela yenzululwazi. Mu kuya kwa nshita rationalism le zobulumko saqalisa ukubeka bulumko non-classical, apho inyaniso lokugqibela osondeza ubomi kobukho bomntu.

ifilosofi Western kwinkulungwane yama-20 ebizwa wathandabuza ukuzibophelela wefilosofi wezinto kuluntu langoku ifomu njongo, nto leyo efana izinto zendalo. kwaqhutywa kwinkulungwane yama-20 phantsi kwebhanile lwe "indumezulu yabantu" ezithile ezenzeka bulumko. Uphawu-bulumko yexesha umfanekiso leyinene babebizwa ngokuba nentlalo kuye ezinxulumene ngqo nomqondo onjalo njenge "intersubjectivity". Ayekholelwa zobulumko xesha, le ndawo yenzelwe ukoyisa ukwahlukana phakathi kwisifundo andimangalele, nto leyo ogquba bulumko yamandulo lwentlalo. ulwalathiso Intersubjective ifilosofi yayisekelwe ingcamango uhlobo olulodwa ubunyani leyo asakhulayo abantu nobudlelwane.

Iindlela ziyaphuhliswa kwaye kusetyenziswa intanda zenkulungwane yama-20, zintsonkothe kakhulu yaye ngandlel esulungekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-bulumko classical kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokukodwa, kuyacaca indima ekuphuculeni ukusebenza zeentanda-bulumko uhlobo kunye nolwakhiwo nenkcubeko yabantu (amaqumrhu uphawu-yokomfuziselo neentsingiselo iitekisi). Kwintanda-bulumko kwinkulungwane yama-20 linophawu yayo multi-disciplinary. Oku kuboniswe ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo zawo kunye nezikolo. iindawo ezintsha loo madini ebekade babengazazi kule nkulungwane yama-20 ababandakanyekayo komzila yokucinga zefilosofi nezesayensi.

Njengoko isiqalo sexesha elitsha kutshintshile ithoni mood lulonke imisebenzi bulumko, baye balahlekelwa abanethemba siqinisekile ukuba uphawu bulumko yamandulo. Intanda kwinkulungwane yama-20 phantse akusondela ukuba ekudaleni inqubo entsha ngokupheleleyo lo wesiqhelo, kwaye mirootsenki mirorazmernosti, umntu ezalana ngqo yonke ukwandisa imfuneko uhlobo ngokupheleleyo entsha nengqiqo.