Filon Aleksandriysky - sobulumko esingumYuda I kwekhulu

Filon Aleksandriysky (Jewish) - wezakwalizwi kunye zonqulo bulumko owayehlala Alexandria ukusuka 25 BC. e. ngokuba '50 n. e. Waba mmeli Hellenism yamaYuda, iziko elo xesha nje e Alexandria. babenempembelelo enkulu bafakela kuphuhliso wezakwalizwi. Luphawu eyaziwa ngokuba umdali imfundiso Logos. Kwi iimfundiso zeentanda-bulumko kwi nzulu ngezinto esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

Filon Aleksandriysky: nefilosofi biography

Kuloo minyaka, xa amanene umJuda wase uPhilo xeshikweni sifikileyo eRoma, isixeko imithetho uCaligula. -Sobulumko ngoko ngunozakuzaku amaYuda, wathi yena wamthumela ukusombulula iingxaki ezibalulekileyo eyavela phakathi kwabo neRoma. Sele ngaloo minyaka, uPhilo, bafumana imfundo yamaGrike e Alexandria, wayesaziwa njengomntwana onengqondo ofuna ukudibanisa izimvo nobuStoyike nentanda-bulumko kaPlato nonqulo iTestamente Endala. Ngokukodwa, wathi ingcamango babonisa ukuba zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike, amaYuda elide phambi kokuba wafunda yezityhilelo kaThixo.

Kwiinzame lokuzithethelela, uPhilo kunye nezinye zobulumko-amaYuda babambelela indlela acinga ngayo, ukwenza i loyamano isibhalo ngokuvumelana iingqiqo namaStoyike kunye bulumko kaPlato. Ayizange ibe nempumelelo enkulu kunye ababephila zabo zobuhedeni, kodwa kamva, e-BC ngenkulungwane-II III. e., waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lwe zamaKristu wacinga nentanda-bulumko yamaGrike neyamaRoma ezinxulumene nenkolo.

Thinking nokholo

Filon Aleksandriysky, ethetha ngaye njengommeli Wokholo yamaYuda, yaba idealist, ezifana uPlato yobuhedeni. Sazi owaye--bulumko yamaGrike, ukusuka apho waboleka ingqiqo ukuchaza imimangaliso kaThixo. Noko ke, nangona le ndlela yenzululwazi unqulo, wahlala umntu ngokuzinikela zonqulo, ndihlonela iincwadi ezingcwele. Ngaphezu koko, oko kubhalwe yezityhilelo waphezulu waqonda njengoko ubulumko liphezulu.

Eyona njongo ephambili zonke ezinde bulumko ka uPhilo wayengomnye - yokuzukisa unqulo abantu bakhe, ukuze awukhusele uhlaselo. Kodwa sazi yayo engundoqo msebenzi wabona ukungqina mazwi single: imfundiso kaPlato kaThixo okulungileyo, kwakunye kwiimfundiso amaStoyike, le ezintle umphefumlo kunye indalo zifana ncam kunye iinkolelo ezisisiseko zonqulo lwamaJuda. Yonke le misebenzi zaba yinto enye - ukungqina kuzo iintlanga, ukuze zonke iimbono zobulumko zamandulo eyeyakhe kwaye lilungu kwabantu bamaYuda.

Izibhengezo kuThixo

Filon Aleksandriysky, kwakunye nayiphi na njengomntwana onengqondo yonqulo, wayekholelwa ukuba umnqweno ephambili ngokwasengqondweni ukuba sobulumko - ukucinga ngoThixo. Ihlabathi kwabonakala kuye alohlukaniswa kuThixo, kukho uhlobo nesithunzi zaphezulu, apho uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ngoMdali wayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Old Testament uYehova nako ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno sobulumko ngenxa anthropomorphism yayo. Kude zabo ezingcwele, endlwini kaThixo eYerusalem, uthixo waphulukana umlinganiswa ngokukodwa yesizwe.

translation Russian lo mbhalo ka uPhilo bathi iinkcuba bazama ukubonisa philosophically phezu isenzo, lingekadalwa ihlabathi, emelwe kwiTestamente eNdala, ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo ibinzana elithi "iilogo", lathathwa ubuStoyike. Noko ke, le mbono ekutolikeni uPhilo unenzondelelo iinguqu ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, sazi ekuthiwa Logos unyana kaThixo, omenzelayo njengomthetheli phakathi ihlabathi noThixo, umntu kunye noThixo. Ukongeza, i-logo Liquka iimpawu umlweli uluntu. Ngenxa yoko, uPhilo, yaye ibeka isiseko iimfundiso zamaKristu kaThixo, umntu, uMsindisi eNgcwele.

yenkolo

Zonke ukuntsonkotha iinkonzo monotheistic, omnye wabo yaye bazama ukwenza intsingiselo Filon Aleksandriysky, ekufuneka philosophically achaze imo yawo. Ngoko ke unxulumano phakathi bulumko kunye nonqulo, kuqala kwiimfundiso uPhilo, yaye kamva ubuKristu. Ngenxa yoko, ezakwalizwi (yenkolo) apha uba langoku isiseko theoretical ukuba lemfundiso monotheistic. Kwaye ngenxa yalo mfundiso - logo, emela igama eNgcwele, apho uThixo wadala ihlabathi: "Ekuqalekeni ube ekho uLizwi ...".

Iinguqulelo Russian yeerekhodi uPhilo ibonisa ukuba le nkcazelo logo zadityaniswa iimbono malunga kule kota ngokwabo amaStoyike kunye ingqiqo imfundiso yamaYuda zezulu, abathunywa kaYehova. Ekhona kule ukutyhilwa Logos kunye Plato, ngubani ngebekuqiqa oku ingqiqo njenge iseti iingcamango Obumbe zonke izinto kwihlabathi lethu. Ngenxa yoko, ezakwalizwi ujika ukuya kwenye inkalo ifilosofi.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo iimfundiso uPhilo

Ukufundiswa uPhilo uthi phezulu kwihlabathi corporeal yena umntu. Yaye ke inxenye ubengo zabantu umphefumlo logo ibonakala. Nangona kunjalo, le logo, ngokutsho uPhilo, ayikho into eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, xa indoda ethile yachasa imikhosi emibini - ngokomoya (engabonakaliyo) kunye nendalo enxulumene-emhlabeni. Umphefumlo kuqondwa umfanekiso kaThixo abangafezekanga.

Ngokumalunga nomba yokuziphatha wemfundiso uPhilo womntakayise, yinto kakhulu uyazidela kwaye isekelwe phezu longquzulwano lomzimba umphefumlo. Kulo mzekelo, oko iqokobhe eziphathekayo akahendi namnye esonweni. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho uPhilo indoda waphila emhlabeni ubuncinane ngosuku olunye, yalahlekelwa esimsulwa. ngoluvo A bulumko ukuba bonke abantu 'ngabantwana bakaThixo' ukuba sinesono ngokulinganayo, okwenza ukuba siphu- buKristu.

Filon Aleksandriysky: imisebenzi

Zonke iincwadi bulumko zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela-4:

1. imibhalo zembali buqu ezabhalwa style buciko. Phakathi kwazo kukho "The Life of Abraham", "Iincwadi ezintathu kaMoses," "The Life of bakaYosefu." Bonke bephela zaye zabhalwa ngokusekelwe iintsomi zeZibhalo yaye ilungiselelwe iintlanga.
2. Ezinde phezu zokuziphatha, eyona idumileyo apho - "Ngomhla iMithetho Elishumi."
3. Izincoko ngezihloko yezopolitiko, yezentlalo imisebenzi inkcazelo sobulumko. Hi xikombiso, le impikiswano "Malunga Embassy."
4. Iinkqubo apho iSibhalo ngentetho evakalayo allegorically. Ezi ncwadi zilungiselelwe amaYuda. I wabhala Filon Aleksandriysky zabo sele emdala. "Imithetho ukuchaza" - umsebenzi iphambili kweli qela. Apha sobulumko wathi ngamaqhekeza ezahlukeneyo nePentatiki - kweekerubhi, umthetho ongcwele, imibingelelo likaKhayeni noAbeli, enjengomkhombe kaNowa, amaphupha, etc ...

Olu luhlu lubonisa kuphela ezingundoqo iincwadi nzulu ngezinto. Ukongezelela kubo uPhilo, kukho ezinye azibhala ezininzi, nto leyo kakhulu ukuphinda iingcinga evakaliswe koogxa bakhe phakathi amaYuda kwanamaGrike.

isiphelo

Kwaba imfundiso zeentanda-bulumko uPhilo wakwaYuda, xa sichaza oko ngokwalo jikelele. Noko ke, ukususela ingentla kuyabonakala njani ngokusondeleyo imfundiso lamaKristu kweengcinga sobulumko yamaYuda. Ngoko uPhilo waba ngomnye wabaseki ukholo lwamaKristu. Yaye akumangalisi ukuba azibhala sakhe a ithandwa enkulu phakathi osiyazi lamaKristu okuqala.