Bunin, "The Village": Isishwankathelo, uhlahlelo kunye nohlolo

Kuba umfundi onengqondo, efuna ukuqonda nokuba nolwazi ubume yoloyiko kwilali yemveli Russian, Kakade ke, kufuneka ekucetyiswa zokufunda kweli bali. injongo kube lokwenyaniso iinzulu umsebenzi Ivan Bunin wabhala. "Xa ilali" - incwadi zibheke sengqiqo nje umfundi, yaye ukuze iingqondo ilungileyo iLizwe loobawo. Lo msebenzi ngenxa bexesha yakhe yakudala isityhilelo kunye isilumkiso.

Ibali "The Village" - Shock Therapy

Ngokutsho ubunzulu ntetho yakhe le novella lifana kwinoveli. Yena kuqala yabonisa ukusilela iimbono ezisemthethweni abalimi, thaca ngokucacileyo kunye ubunzima ngokubonakalayo ngokubanzi abafundi inyaniso ngento ohlala ubukrwada kunye lithemba kakhulu Russia.

ubomi wokuchitha igqiba lokuqonda linezothe belali. Zasemaphandleni lumpen Koshel abakwazi ukuthetha malunga bafundiswe zaseCaucasus Iintaba. Zonke uyakwazi ukuba endumzela - i "intaba entabeni." Elalini indlela kwinzululwazi for kids luvalwe. uqeqesho lwabo kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi i owayesakuba lijoni, abangafundanga inarticulate. Yena, kunokuba ukuba afundise, drill abantwana.

Ubomi abalimi akukho ngqiqweni, ezingenangqondo. Top ibonisa idiocy wendoda egama Grey. Yena eyakha indlu, kodwa hayi Stock olwandulela kubanda kweenkuni. Ebusika, otaplivaya indlu isha Grey uphahla uze uthengisa ngokwayo kunye nendlu. Ngaphezu koko, ngezininzi zomhlaba, uyakwazi ukuba umntu ihluphekileyo ezilalini. Ingaba le ukuchaza episode ndlela emaphandleni ngaphesheya Russia ekhoyo?

Perot inkosi ngokungafihlisiyo, ngokunzulu yaye ngokucacileyo ibonisa panorama akudala, "umqolomba", nobuhlwempu ethwaxwa ubomi County.

Eqalile ukupeyinta Abantu vegetating phambi abafundi kutyhilwa Bunin. "Kule lali" kusibonisa eyona yile ngxaki, nto leyo ithatha serfdom, ukuziqengqa phantsi yezizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Abantu bahlupheke akho athile ngokomoya. Ngenxa ubuxoki ezingqongileyo, umona, ubukrwada, intiyo, ubusela nkqu ezikhanya kubo belahlekelwa yahluma, amaphupha, namabhongo. Ukuzama ukwakha ubomi eyonwabileyo ezingenamandla ukufeza le.

Musa embellish, akuthethi idealize ubomi umlimi, yena ke awuzi kuyo i ngokuvisisana iisoyi kunye nemvelo Bunin. "Xa ilali '- umsebenzi ngokunyaniseka. Lo mqulu kunye sinye. Umbhali ngamanye amaxesha esibuhlungu amazwi womculo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi nenyaniso labanobungqwangangqwili kusibeke ibali ubomi abazalwana ababini Krasovo: Tikhon Ewe Kuzma, abahlala ezilalini kunye isihloko kuphawu - Durnovka.

Imveliso ye parameter nganye Russia

Lo msebenzi elandelayo sapapashwa ngoNovemba 1910 kwakhokelela ekubeni polemics ezibukhali nanto eluntwini Russian. Nkqu otyholwa intiyo ka eRussia Bunin. Ibali lika "The Village" - imveliso a elibi, ngokwenene ukubonisa ubomi abaziintshembenxa Russian. Kodwa inyaniso I wabhala Bunin! amaxoki Abanyanisekileyo,-ebizwa ngokuba populists baye basilela ukuphumeza isicwangciso sayo yokutshutshiswa ngumsindo nxamnye Ivan. Kuba winner elizayo Mxim Gorky wawangxengxezela.

Njengoko umbhali webali ziviwa ngokunzulu bokuqonda umphefumlo babantu! "Strange, thina nabantu! Umphefumlo motley! Loo inja ngumntu enyulu, ngoko ... Sam phezu kwam ekhala."

Isishwankathelo sebali. abazalwana ababini

Kwiminyaka yokuqala abalinganiswa abaphambili ebalini, bazalwana Kuzma kunye Tikhon, kunye abandakanyeke kurhwebo. Kodwa akazange onwabe ixesha elide. ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ke. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho nenqala, waya elowo yakhe endleleni yobomi.

Zombini abazalwana abantu abanobuqili. Bona wenze ibali Cwangcisa ayikho nje abadlali, nezinye kwi ubunyani ejikelezileyo, kodwa ukubanika babaqonda enzulu.

Tikhon - indoda kwezoqoqosho. Uphethe iyoba namandla kwaye iyakwazi ukwenza icebo lakhe; ukususa apho balalisa khona, kukho amalungiselelo evenkileni waza wavula ukoma. Ngobuchule phambili ingeniso efama. Ingeniso ngenxa Tikhon wakhonza capital yokuqala ukuba zifumane i onesikhundla ekuhlaleni. Yena uqala ukuthenga umhlaba kunye nesonka phezu kweentloko abaqeshisi abangenazo nobuqili bezoshishino. Ngenxa ulawulo yayo efanelekileyo kunye nenjongo Tikhon uthenga Manor esemaphandleni Durnovka apho nkqu utatomkhulu wakhe waba serf.

Kuzma - italente, kutyunyuzwa yintlupheko kunye nabantu

Ezimbini abamelene izihlobo abasemifanekisweni inoveli yakhe Bunin ( "Elalini"). Isishwankathelo imveliso malunga nokufuna Kuzma ebalulekileyo lungabonakaliswa ngenxa yegama elilodwa - ntlekele.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni yena phithi nomnqweno ukufunda. Ummelwane, uvelwano, wafundisa ukuba ukufunda nokubhala. ikhodiyani-safaka Eqhelekileyo ubudala kuye uthando loncwadi. Kuzma wayefuna ukuba umbhali, ngoko wazama ukuba baqambe iivesi, ukuba ukuxelela abantu malunga babi kwayijikeleza ebomini ngokunyaniseka ... nangovelwano isixelela umlinganiswa emsebenzini wakhe Bunin ( "Elalini"). Uhlalutyo nokufuna yomoya ingakumbi lo anarchist obonisa, ukuqala imbongi "nadsonovskogo" uhlobo ukusebenzelana Russian kunye yokomoya self-bake, akakwazi diki. Kuzma i kabuhlungu nani, yena va ringeta ukuba ngokomoya kuluntu soulless. Waqale dooms ukuba abe njengamatakane, italente with "amaphiko aphulwa," batyakatywa "bayahlelwa kunye neemfuno."

Ingaba umsebenzi elula zoncwadi

Bhala kubo ibali yajika engafunwanga. Ke Kuzma wakwazi ukupapasha ingqokelela yemibongo zakhe.

Noko ke, waqonda ukuba imizamo yakhe ababuthathaka ngokwemiqathango kwinqanaba yokubhala. Ukongeza, umbhali kunye isiphukuphuku onyanzelwayo ukuba bachithe amandla engqondo ngakumbi ekufumaneni kudla, kunokuba uncwadi. Umnqweno wakhe lokusungula akafumaneki inkxaso kunye noncedo. Kuzma kokuhlanjwa phantsi, eqonda ukuba invincibility ukungakhathali kwabantu. Kuba mna, lo mntu ulilolo baphelelwa lukholo ezichongiweyo iimbono ezimbini: eMonastri okanye ukuzibulala.

Yaba ngalo mzuzu elibalulekileyo ukuba uxolelwaniso umzalwana wabuza Tikhon, ukucela ukuba abe kunobhala kwilifa ezifunyenweyo. Ekusondeleni ongunaphakade ngenkulungwane enesiqingatha, umzalwana omdala wagqiba ekubeni nazigqibo Kuzma. Wakuxolela kuye omnye umlinganiswa, kunye nezinye namabhongo.

Kuzma iphefumlelwe. Ekugqibeleni ndafumana ithuba lokufumana Iholo ngokwenene. Emini wayiqhubela ele iincwadi kwengxelo kunye vika ipropati ebusuku. Kodwa kungekudala waqonda ukuba imigudu yakhe musa ezikhokelela kwingeniso.

Ngelo xesha, uqoqosho waya njalo-njalo kwilali Manor ihlwempu Durnovka.

Kungabangela iingxaki yokulima

Village isihloko imisebenzi Bunin esengqiqweni kwaye philosophically oyinyaniso: awukwazi ukwakha ulonwabo phezu amashwa kwabanye.

noluntu lwasemaphandleni ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX ilahlekelwe nokuqina kwayo, uzinzo, endulo eqwalasele kuyo yonke sokumiswa Russian. Ngalo mkhuba yingozi, wabhala inoveli yakhe Bunin ( "Elalini"). Ukuphonononga abafundi efundisayo ziye zaphawula ukuba, ngenxa ezithile ngokwezinga eziphathekayo ezizinzululwazi bakule YeApocalypse, ayithiyileyo wonke umntu nayo yonke into kwi lumpen Deniska uhlobo.

Le nouveau Riche yesikhumba kakhulu Tikhon Krasov yaba yimveliso sokonakalisa kunye ukubola. Ngapha koko, enyanisweni, wakha ubutyebi bakhe kwisithuba athile jikelele, ukuthenga umhlaba kunye lizuza ilifa ngendlela efanayo. ngokuchuma zezokwexeshana. Uyaziva kokuba ehlupheka: ukuvuka ngezandla zabo phezu ubutyebi, yena akanawo amandla okuphelisa lo esibulalayo, ukungakwazi kuziphatha YeApocalypse lonke eRashiya, isishiya engalawulekiyo, kwaye kunye nabalimi ezizezona Durnovka ekuweni yonke izixhobo karhulumente.

Tikhon kwaye usilele ukuseka kwi kwilifa lakhe imveliso eqhelekileyo yezolimo, nangona wenza umgudu omkhulu Uzama ukuhlela kuyo. Xa ukungaphumeleli kwakhe wasola intransigence kunye nomsindo abantu basekuhlaleni. Kucacile ukuba ukuthengisa impahla ngexabiso esibi.

Sin Timoti Krasova

Real, iinkqubo zentlalo mihla uchaza ibali lakhe Bunin ( "Elalini"). Isishwankathelo Executive yalo msebenzi kukuqinisekisa ukuba Tikhon yezoqoqosho uziva ungonwabanga kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zobuqu.
Ephupha intsapho enkulu, kodwa ngumfazi wayo ukukhawula intombazana, yaye bazalwa ufile. Enyanisweni, umnini omtsha Manor, ngaphambi kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala, wakhathazwa ubulolo. Wada waqalisa ukusela. "Ngaphandle abantwana umntu - mntu, ngoko obsevok ezinye .."

Emva koko wavuka Tikhon ngokwakhe ngumthandi umlimi oselula, Avdotya upheka, ukusebenza kwilifa. Wayegqithisile ukwenza naye ngenjongo eyodwa - efuna ukufumana umntwana. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ulwalamano phakathi Avdotya Tikhon kungekudala bafunda abalimi Durnovka, waza waba kuye umgxothwa. Kwaye ndaya uthando yakhe; isikhafu mikhosi ngaphakathi.

Oku kuphela episode apho nalwazelelelo ekuhlaleni esemaphandleni ukhankanya ebalini lakhe Bunin ( "Elalini"). Uhlalutyo Yenziwa Classic, yongxamiseko wamvusa ukwakheka, amafama zemfundo. Umbhali ubiza iingqondo best Russian Ukubethelela ngokomoya zothando phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo.

UTimoti ulwazi ityala lakhe

Ukhohlakele yaye bayazingca indoda esisityebi wangena kule lali intle ngokuphathelele kumfazi Avdotya oselula, beqhekeza ubomi bakhe ngenxa umnqweno ukuba nabantwana. Akazange akuthande oko. Mhlawumbi loo nto, xa umzalwana wakhe Kuzma, ukusebenza njenge umabhalane, ugula, ukususela Avdotya ukuba abakafumani naluphi na uncedo okanye novelwano. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, lo mfazi washiya kwilifa, zimshiya yedwa ukuze bazibonele ngokwabo ngaphandle ngamandla.

Kamva Tikhon, eziva ityala lakhe lobuqu phambi komfazi ugqiba emva kokuba onke amalungiselelo ubomi bakhe, ukuze ukutshata off. Noko ke, umnqweno wakhe ukuba enze isiphelo elungileyo kanye yintlekele Avdotya. Lo mfo kuphela wawalukuhla ngemali Tikhon wavuma ukuba kuzekwe, Denis wazingqina masisingelwe phantsi. Yena kakhulu ukwazi ukuba amanqaku de kokufa ngumfazi wakhe. Yena kuba esoyika uzingela.

Owona mbuzo ibali

Lo msebenzi, nangona bendawo yayo ibonakale (iziganeko ezenzeka kule lali Durnovka), yenza sokuba enye malunga bayahlelwa lonke eli lizwe. Kakhulu uyazi imingeni ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye ngokunyaniseka abangcangcazelisi wabhala Bunin.

Elalini (kwakhona zizifundiswa avumelana) USSIAN imikhosi ezingcono eluntwini ukuze uphephe ngesihelegu loluntu kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqale inguquko. Inyaniso kukuba lo gama phambi kokuba "Village" Bunin akukho namnye bafunda nzulu iingxaki abalimi eRashiya. Mhlawumbi, ke ngoko, umbhali kwaye onyulwe njengelungu Wawongwa i-Russian Academy of Sciences.

Uhlaziyo kakhulu enengqiqo yenoveli wanika Mxim Gorky. Waqonda ukuba ubhala Bunin akazange abhale malunga nabalimi belizwe okanye kwilali ethile, nguye ngabafakwa ngokupheleleyo italente yakhe, wabuza phezu olwandulela le ntlekele lwentlalo kuzoba: "Ukuze ube okanye hayi ukuba Russian?".

Esibalisayo imiva ukwakheka kuthetha

Lo ingqibelelo umsebenzi Bunin "The Village." nokubunjwa kwayo iqulathe ezininzi izigaba Plug-in kunye nabalinganiswa eziziisekondari ezahlukeneyo, indlela olubonakalisa nkulumo ukuhla jikelele kunye ukubonakala ugxininiso yesizwe umonakalo. Landscapes yi ungumbhali webali, nika ukugqibelela, imiba hetiseka bentlalo ibali, "icawa zasendle elimbala", "ichibi curl udongwe," "ubulongwe kwidama", "amanzi zamafu omthubi." Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imifanekiso landscape Bunin nokuba ajoyine eyimfihlakalo element, ezifana umboniso kwi Rain "wavula ubumnyama black" elaphalalayo "ukukhanya lokufa blue".

motif YeApocalypse zigcwele lonke ibali "The Village." Bunin nkulu ngayo imeko lokugqibela. Yovalo rush lomtshato ebusika, etsala umfazi wakhe - unguGxothiwe kwilali da kwempambano umyeni - phakathi nje Blizzard ezoyikekayo. Iindwendwe babemenyiwe nabo kuloo mtshato, apapashe imikhwazo Uyageza, yovalo ngelixa umxhentso.

indlela Creative lombhali

Kulindeleke lo mbuzo: "Kutheni na classic kangaka iingqameko umbandela inkcazelo yakhe". Eneneni, kutheni yengqondo, ingqiqo enzulu Russia ubomi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX akukho achola lifana "Imfazwe Uxolo 'ibonwe?

yonke into - in indlela enobuchule, eyasetyenziswa Bunin. "Kule lali" iphendula umbuzo wethu ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokufutshane. Impendulo iqulethwe ibali ngokwayo. Omnye heroes zakhe iintetho ewonke alupheli malunga Russian elikhulu: "Ewe, oko konke - ilali ...!".

Le ncwadi imalunga Russia

Oku malunga lonke Russia wabhala Bunin! Ibali lika "The Village" - ibali malunga lonke eli lizwe, abazalwana Krasova - amadoda ayo - abasebenzi, ityuwa lwalo ehlabathini, ekwaziyo amandla, iCEO yeQumrhu zayo zoshishino, italente yendalo ukutshintsha ubomi emhlabeni. Ukuba ngokwenene loo nto. Kodwa hayi kwilizwe apho wonke umntu - kuba ngokwayo yaye wonk '- nxamnye bonke! Komzimba intshabalalo, ukhupha ulwenziwo zokudala amathuba positive "ubomi umqolomba 'sazo santlandlolo kubonisa Bunin. abazalwana melana Krasova ngokuthe ngcembe, sebeqala ukulandela onakalisa kunye isazela sakhe ...

isiphelo

Ivana Alekseevicha Bunina ehlabathini. ngokuba kolenonepreklonnym umntu. Yena, njengokuba esifanele Classic, umphefumlo waziva abantu bayo ukubandezeleka, izoyikiso kunye mngeni ejongene nabo. Eqonda kuluntu Russian ke utyekelo YeApocalypse, lowo ufana nendoda ngokukhuselekileyo, nokuba ukweliphi inqanaba kunye nezimvo phezulu walumkisa bakhaya.

Ngoko ngendlela kuye, Akukho namnye wabhala kokutshatyalaliswa omnye iziseko ezingundoqo kwesindululo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. ilizwe yamahlwempu Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane elihlwempu ngenene, walahlekelwa ubuso bakhe, ebindilahlekile umgaqo phambili.

umfanekiso kwilali Russian Bunin kubonakala kuthi nzulu yaye ngokucacileyo. Kulo mzekelo lali abazalwana Durnovka Krasova kunye umbhali akwazi ukubonisa ingxaki jikelele kwezibonelelo lali yonke: zentlalo, ngokomoya, yokuziphatha. Classic waba sokuba nokoyikiswa esiza ekuweni karhulumente Russian.