Inkqubo imigangatho yokhuseleko Occupational

Eminye imiba engundoqo eya kuqwalaselwa ukuba isifundo isihloko:

- Yintoni impilo kunye nokhuseleko, apho uxwebhu kule ndawo kubaluleke kakhulu?

- Yintoni na umgangatho karhulumente kunye Nations kwemigangatho, yintoni na ubume la maxwebhu?

- Njengoko inkqubo yokhuseleko yabasebenzi kuboniswa kule migangatho?

Labour Code of the Russian, ngakumbi ngqo, seshumi bakhe, ulawula yabasebenzi kunye asakhulayo ngokusekelwe ulwalamano lwabo kunye nabasebenzi kunye nomqeshi kwicandelo nokhuseleko emsebenzini. Inqaku 209 yalo mthetho, owamkelwe ngowama-2001, kukho inkcazelo ngokhuseleko emsebenzini njenge inkqubo yemilinganiselo, kuquka yezomthetho, kwisimo, ucoceko, imiba yezoqoqosho, zobugcisa kunye zokuthintela zentlalo, zombutho,, nto leyo ulondolozo injongo (ekwenzeni liabilities) impilo kunye nobomi mbutho. Oko kukuthi, kweli candelo Code Labour ezimiselwe umgaqo ezingundoqo ubudlelwane emsebenzini kunye nomthetho.

inkqubo yokhuseleko yabasebenzi, kwelinye icala, kukho uluhlu amaxwebhu mthetho neyolawulo. Bona ukulawula amanyathelo yococeko, kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho, kwezobugcisa, sombutho kunye zothintelo, iindlela zobugcisa kunye iindlela zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko bombutho umqeshwa kweemeko zokusebenza. Kuba amakhonkco zabo phakathi kwenkqubo eziphuhlileyo imigangatho yokhuseleko yomsebenzi eMsebenzini Standards Safety. Zonke iinxalenye injongo yayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, namhlanje ubume interstate (GOST ngenxa kumazwe ico) okanye urhulumente (GOST R - eRashiya) nemigangatho. Ezithe zafunyaniswa ixabiso (okanye emva GOST GOST P) ka-12 ukuya ingongoma.

Ngomhla kummandla eSoviet Union naye inkqubo imigangatho yokhuseleko yabasebenzi kunye ikhowudi enombala "Standard 12", nto leyo okwangoku igcina amandla esemthethweni kummandla kwamazwe ico 12 (zonke republic eyayisakuba yiSoviet ngaphandle kwiBaltic). Emva ukuyilwa geqe kwi kuphuhliso IGU avunyelwe ukuba ukuphuhlisa imigangatho yesizwe (ilizwe lethu - yinto GOST R), nekufuneka ukuba ingqinelane ngokuphathelele iindwendwe interstate. Kumaxesha Soviet kwakukho Nations zonke imigangatho kunye neekhowudi exube (uninzi amaxwebhu ezichongiweyo izigaba eziphawulwe alfabhethi 19 Russian). Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2000, yena indawo yi-Nations All-Russian kwemigangatho, wakha ngokungqinelana ne-International Standard Classification ISO.

Ukuba ngamaxesha Soviet, zonke iindwendwe ziya kuba ngempumelelo amasimi abo, № uMthetho 184-FZ ibonelela uphumezo elisisinyanzelo kwimimiselo yobuchwepheshe kunye nemigangatho karhulumente ngo-September kunyaka ophelileyo isicelo ngokuzithandela. Noko ke, lo mthetho, njengoko kucacisiwe kumhlathi 4 Inqaku 1 engaphenduli ukulawula zezomthetho kwimiba ephathelele kukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini. Ngoko ke, imigangatho yesizwe, ebandakanya inkqubo imigangatho yokhuseleko yabasebenzi ziphakathi engundoqo izenzo olumisiweyo zomthetho, leyo ebekwe neemfuno zikarhulumente endle ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nempilo. Ngamnye kubo ijolise ekunikeni eqinisekile equlethwe kwiSiqendu 7 no-37 loMgaqo-siseko.

yonke le nkqubo imigangatho yokhuseleko yahlulwe ezisezantsi ezintandathu zokusebenza (luchazwa ngegama amanani ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-5) kunye ezintathu back-up (6 ukuya ku-9). Ku zero esezantsi iquka amaxwebhu yombutho kunye lwemethodoloji indalo. Eyokuqala ibandakanya le migangatho elawula iimfuneko yingozi kwaye imiba eziyingozi kwimveliso. Le esezantsi yesibini icwangcisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kunye neendlela eziyilwe, ukwenziwa kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo imveliso, kwaye eyesithathu - ukhuseleko iinkqubo zoshishino. Le esezantsi yesine lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa iindlela umgangatho wokhuseleko. Elesihlanu kubandakanya imigangatho yokhuseleko izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela naluphi na uxwebhu, ebandakanya inkqubo nemigangatho yempilo nokhuseleko (yomqeshi okanye umqeshwa), kukwaphula Labour Code of lizwe.