Arhente zokucima: Ulwahlulo, iimpawu isicelo

Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zangoku ukhuseleko emlilweni iquka nokusetyenziswa koluhlu olubanzi izinto, yaphunyezwa apho zokucima umlilo. Ngokwemveli, i-arhente iphambili kolu hlobo ithathwa ngokuba amanzi. Eneneni, kungenxa isiqulatho uthandwayo kwezixhobo zokulwa umlilo, kodwa hayi kuzo zonke iimeko, le ndlela iphumelela. Ngoko ke, ezinye iindidi zee-arhente zokucima ebiqaliswe kwi iinkonzo emlilweni yokusebenza arsenal, apho iimpawu luyaphuhliswa nokulungiswa zekhompyutha. Ngoko kukho amacandelo ngakumbi yaluthuli, imixube ulwelo ulwelo, igesi kunye nezinye ezahlukeneyo izinto ukuya kulwa ngempumelelo amadangatye.

agents Classification zokucima

Umgaqo basic yokuzahlula-arhente ezisekelwe uhlobo ifuthe-mlilo. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo okupholisa sesichengeni loo bommandla yokutsha. Kwinkqubo zokucima esebenzayo infeed ngokwemiqathango izinto ukhozo-mlilo. Kulo mzekelo, abasebenzi benkonzo umlilo kufuneka lula ukuxuba nokuyila izakhi ibattery izinto avuthayo ngempumelelo apholileyo umphezulu esikhumbeni. Omnye umgaqo isekelwe phezu ukuxutywa ngala macandelo baphendule. Kulo mzekelo, iiarhente zokucima izinto ezililize okanye okubolileyo izinto zomelele ukutyabeka leyo onqanda umlilo. izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo nabo eqhelekileyo, leyo benze umsebenzi kwindawo yokutsha ngokwenza izithintelo Jumpers ezizodwa kunye t. d.

Kukho omnye ukuhlelwa ngezinto-mlilo, esekelwe kwi imeko ebonakalayo ukwimo. Ngokukodwa, cell elulwelo, sukube, free-engatshiyo, oqinileyo, kunye neeyunithi ilaphu excipients umlilo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba fillers bangamalungu kumaqela ahlukeneyo ngokwelo yokuhlela akazibopheleli kwinkqubo yokuzahlula ikhankanywe ngasentla. Oko kukuthi, ukuhlelwa umlilo zokucima izinto kwi impembelelo umthetho ummandla nomlilo kungavumela ukungena omnye kweendidi izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye iipropati ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni imichiza.

agents Ukupholisa

Isondlo, ukutsha singamiswa xa ngesantya esiphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukususwa yodwa thermal. Ukuze uqonde umgaqo onjalo kunokufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa refrigerant leyo ilawulwa ngokuwupholisa inkqubo zokususa ubushushu, ukunciphisa Umsebenzi yokutsha umthombo. A ummeli ezaziwa iqela kwezinto okupholisa ngamanzi - arhente zokucima leyo ngaba inobunzima eliphezulu ubushushu, ukufumaneka, kunye inertness imichiza.

Njengazo zonke izinto jikelele kufuneka nezingalunganga ulwelo elinikiweyo. Okokuqala onke amanzi conductivity aphezulu ombane, nto leyo umisela imiqathango elibi ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Le meko mandundu xa ulwelo kuxutywe nezinye izinto ezithi ukwandisa ubuchule ukuhlanganisa yangoku. Kodwa akukho zonke neengxaki. Amanzi kwakhona unendlela okwanamhlanje sho ukubambelela izinto umtshiso noko, ngenxa leyo, enyanisweni, kuqaliswa kuyo kunye nezongezelelo ezizodwa. Isiphumo wafumana nezinye izinto zokucima emele imixube ezahlukeneyo kunye nezisombululo - ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe phezu ityuwa.

agents sequestering

Le nkcazelo uqhelekileyo eli qela - le amagwebu. Esizimeleyo ifuthe negalelo ingcinezelo eyiyo yomlilo kunye ilahleko oluncinane kunye ubungozi kukhuseleko ityhefu. Isakhiwo amagwebu yenza inkqubo colloidal le amaqamza ulwelo ukuba abe ukugcwaliswa igesi. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi izinto zibe nempembelelo kabini - zokwambathisa nokupholisa. Kulo mzekelo, hayi zonke alephuze amagwebu arhente zokucima ingasetyenziswa ekulweni ngomlilo. Umzekelo, kwi isisombululo isepha ekhaya exutywe iya kuba nafuthe kuba isakhiwo emulsion ngomlilo uya nangoko kutshatyalaliswa. izisombululo yoko ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo ukuba isakhiwo kwamandla amaqamza ekwaziyo withstanding iziphumo thermal nobomatshini. Ukuze ukomeleza ekwenzeni alephuze amagwebu izinto ezizodwa ziyongezwa kwi zililo isisombululo. Kwakhona kukhatshwa arhente sewayini kunye nokusebenzisa emulsions moya.

Kudidi zokwambathisa izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ndithwale nemigubo eyenzelwe ukucima umlilo. Nangona ezi izinto ezi jikelele kunye nempembelelo multifactorial inhibitory phezu komlilo, sibuye kwindawo yokuqala ubuchule ikheswa imithombo ucinezelo. Xa izicelo ezinjalo, umzekelo, sebenzisa umgubo zokucima ngokusekelwe carbonate kwealkali metal, yesoda, neetyuwa kunye nezinye kusitsha. Njengoko izinto ezinjalo zisetyenziswa enonjongo ukucima izixhobo zombane.

ukuxutywa iziyobisi

Le iqela elikhulu kwezinto, apho belujolise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa iimeko ezizodwa zokucima umlilo. Ukumisa umlilo ngendlela usebenzisa izinto ekwaziyo umphunga olunokutsha okanye exutywe kunye neegesi noncombustible ukuya imo ingqalelo, okanye ukunciphisa isiqulatho ioksijini emoyeni ukuya kwinqanaba apho yokutsha ayisa igcinwe. Oku kusebenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo izinto - umz, kummandla jikelele lomlilo, umoya ukutsha okanye ngenjongo amelane.

Ngokutsho kwisenzo indlela uthandwayo olu hlobo carbon dioxide, enika ukupheliswa zisebenzayo kutshiswa ngomlilo. arhente zokucima ngokohlobo nitrogen kunye nomphunga wamanzi ziyasetyenziswa kwakhona ukuphawula ngokuxhomekeke isicelo. Umzekelo, umphunga isetyenziswa ikakhulu xa zokucima umlilo kumagumbi ezivaliweyo izithuba tight. Ngexesha umphunga into processing ezalise igumbi lonke, ngokuxuba ekhupha umoya ngoko mass. Ngoko ke eyona nto esebenzayo kuthintela eluvundwini, ngaphandle ifuthe ngokungafanelekanga bantu kwelo gumbi. Ngaphezu koko, maxa wambi kabini isiqinisekiso nelangatye ngomphunga esanelisa isiphumo. Okokuqala, esebenza ngokwawo angenzi umoya obambeleyo. Okwesibini, amathontsi wabumba ukusuka aphele umphunga kwaye ukufunxa ubushushu ukusuka kumthombo emlilweni.

izinto afana esebenzayo

Olu didi kwezinto ukuba nesiphumo inhibitory ngenkqubo yokutsha. icima umgaqo isekelwe sesichengeni yemichiza kuthetha ukuba ummandla umlilo. Phezu qhagamshelana ne-arhente zokucima ithagethi esinxibelelana kumaziko esebenzayo basabela njani oxidizing, apho kuhlala iikhompawundi nonflammable okanye asezantsi ukuyeka yokutsha reaction.

Ukunika isiphumo enjalo ekwaziyo hydrocarbon halogenated. Le into zokucima kunye ziyibuyisela umva isiphumo leyo zinqanda umsebenzi omlilo. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi zinto zibe neziphumo eziyingozi ityhefu. Ke ukuba zokucima ukusebenza, kusenokuba iqela zokwakha zokulwa umlilo. Kodwa ke, kwakhona, lo reactivity ezingathandekiyo kakhulu kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinjalo. Ethetha imichiza ethile, imichiza inhibitory angamelwa Freon kunye nezinye kusitsha ezisekelwe avela halogen ye-methane methane. Iingcali ukubiza izinto ezinjalo freons, nibanika uphawulo ezithile kunye ebonisa ubume kwemichiza. Iimeko isicelo kunye nezinto elivumelekileyo ichazwa ngokungqinelana ukumakishwa.

izixhobo umlilo-ukulwa Iselula esisigxina

Ngokwawo, ukusebenza lunezinto isondlo akwazi ukunceda ekulweni emlilweni ezincinane, ukuba ayilungiswanga inkqubo feed. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ufakelo mobile nezinto zokubhala ephethe nasekuphathweni okanye wokutshiza ukwimo esebenzayo. Kuba izibonelelo mobile ziquka iilori umlilo, apho isebenza khona ukhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, akukho kuphela iimoto zikarhulumente kunye nabasebenzi. Kudidi inye ziquka oololiwe, iinqwelo-moya, neenqanawa osebenza ekupheliseni emlilweni, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Kwakhona inkqubo eqhelekileyo yaye esisigxina umlilo zokucima, leyo eyenzelwe ukukhulula arhente ucimayo. Ngokomzekelo, isoloko isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinjalo zisebenza ngaphakathi kwaye ngokuxuba ngezinto esebenzayo.

Imisebenzi ephambili ukuba enze ufakelo esisigxina, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuphelisa okanye target ubuncinane, eyendawo umlilo. Ngenxa yoko kukho uyilo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo noshowo nezakhiwo ezinjalo. Ingakumbi, le umahluko phakathi kwinkqubo ngeemodyuli udibaniso. Kwakhona kwisiqalo kweenkqubo zokhuseleko esizisebenzelayo jikelele kuzinambuzane kude kwiinkqubo zolawulo kunye ingcinezelo umlilo ngesandla, intw 'elektroniki mihla kunye neenkqubo zakutshanje elawulwa kude.

Ukusetyenziswa esweni izinto zokucima kwizityalo

iqwalasela Fire supply imali izinto zokucima umlilo ngokuqhelekileyo zenzelwe kwinqanaba zolwakhiwo ziko, nto leyo eya kwenziwa yokufaka. Inyaniso yokuba iinkqubo ezinjalo iimfuno zonxibelelwano olindele kakhulu, ngoko ke ubalo lokuqala indawo kunye nokufakelwa bubalulekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindibano ezinjalo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zoshishino, nisindiswayo zibekwe kunye isikhongozelo umlilo zokucima izinto uhlobo oluthile. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, amatanki amanzi okanye iisilinda amagwebu okanye igesi-zizaliswe. Ezinye iinguqulelo, ngasendleleni, oko ayenzelwanga ukuba kubulawe epheleleyo edangatyeni. njongo zingundoqo zezi ukukhusela izixhobo iimveliso okanye yonxibelelwano - umzekelo, xa spray amanzi.

Ukufaka yale hlobo ukuze kwahluka kwisixhobo inkqubo. Akusoloko esweni umlilo yoyilo kufuneka isikhundla umile. Kusenokuba imiphanda umlilo mobile kongezwe ngokohlobo isoftwe okanye elawulwa-kude. Kakade ke, ufakelo okuqhelekileyo esisigxina, umlilo arhente elithanda yenziwa ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano zobunjineli kunye nonxibelelwano jikelele nokucima. Le uxhulumaniso ikuvumela ukuba ukuchitha ixesha umbutho kwezibonelelo zokusebenza yaye ngoko nangoko baqale emlilweni inkqubo zokuchela.

Iindlela zokulwa umlilo Automatic

Modern ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zothintelo umlilo vumela, nokuba yokungenelela kwabantu, ukulawula izinto eyalingqinelayo ngeengozi lomlilo, kunye nexesha ukuqalisa inkqubo zokucima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngomhla kunene iinqobo ezendeleyo kwinkqubo liqalisa bondle into esebenzayo kwaye ngexesha elinye alarm kubangelwa. Kulo mzekelo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo iinkqubo ezinjalo. Umzekelo, imifuziselo zokuchela ukuba nokuhambisa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zikhona ezinye iindlela olunika ulawulo manual. Ngenxa yoko, i-arhente nokucinywa kufakelo ngomlilo igesi zinokukhuliselwa an imowudi oluzenzekelayo, kwaye umyalelo umqhubi ngokusebenzisa panel yolawulo. Kodwa lo ulawulo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kwisityalo ngokwawo - SEEMODYULI ezijolise ngayo ukuzimela omkhulu, ngoxa esembindini ukuvumela uluhlu ubuninzi iindlela zolawulo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiba yokhuseleko ukuba akusoloko kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezenzekelayo. Izixhobo ezinjalo izityalo bugwetyelwe kuphela kwiimeko apho ekupheliseni imililo isixhobo ephambili akunakwenzeka. Kwakhona, kwezinye izibonelelo kwimveliso ukukhonza ukhuseleko abasebenzi ayikho imini nobusuku. Ngokucacileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, Asinakuyenza ngaphandle njengendlela oluzenzekelayo ekulweni nomlilo. Enye into kukuba ukuze ukunciphisa imingcipheko kufuneka ekuqaleni ukwenza isigqibo esisiso zokucima iarhente, feed ezenzekelayo kwi zibandakanya kakhulu nje umonakalo okucwangcisiweyo kwaye pre-ibalwe.

Ulwahlulo lwe zokucima umlilo units umenzeli

Ngohlobo ngalunye inkqubo ingcinezelo lomlilo isebenzisa uhlobo ngqo into esebenzayo. Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa izinto ezininzi xa ezintsonkothileyo enye akuvamanga kwenziwa. Le nkqubo iqhelekileyo uyilo kunye nokucinywa ngomlilo. Iinkqubo unogumbe Ingakumbi ixhaphake, ezisetyenziswa ukukhusela kwiindawo emngciphekweni omkhulu umlilo. Ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezinjalo ngenxa yokuba bakwazi ukunika yokunkcenkceshela ngaxeshanye lonke kummandla kwindawo ekhuselweyo. In sayo ukwakheka ngunogumbe umlilo iinkqubo ingcinezelo ziquka iimpompo, iiphaneli ulawulo, imibhobho, amatanki amanzi, kunye nesixhobo ezifana esazisa. D.

Le nkcazelo yesibini ethandwayo esetyenziswa eminyakeni izakhiwo i amagwebu. iinkqubo ezinjalo asetyenziswa ukukhusela iindawo zasekuhlaleni kwizakhiwo zoshishino, ukunqanda abaguquli ucinezelo kunye nezixhobo zombane. Kakhulu esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye ufakelo lwesicheli amagwebu izinto zokuchela. Hi ndlela leyi, ezi iiyunithi ezininzi ezifanayo kunye kufakelo lwamanzi iindlela nengaqhelekanga nomthamo. Zizo ezo arhente ucimayo lusetyenziswayo xa ngendlela zokubhala kwaye mobile yomzabalazo phezu komlilo, kodwa kukwakho iinkqubo igesi ezizodwa, ibe luthuthu zetoti. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo zokukhusela umlilo loo fillers ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizodwa - umzekelo, kwiindawo apho kukho Ekwandeni iimfuno ulondolozo lwezixhobo zombane.

isiphelo

Ekubeni zonke ezahlukeneyo izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ingcinezelo ngomlilo mihla, ochwepheshe ayikwazi ngokuba jikelele, kwaye eyona ndlela iphumelelayo ukulwa umlilo. Kukho kakhulu segmentation ecacileyo izinto zokwakha kwiiklasi ngokwendlela iimpawu zabo zobugcisa neendlela zokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, ukuba kudlala ebalulekileyo impembelelo indima arhente ngomntu, yaye izinto zibe kwindawo ucinezelo zokuchela. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ingcinezelo umlilo kunye fillers imichiza sibe kakuhle kuphela kwendlela ingcinezelo umlilo. Njengoko yokwenza ubonisa ukusetyenziswa, efuna kuphela wobungakanani izinto zokucima kolu didi ukujongana imililo yesikolo eliphakathi.

Kodwa ke ingxaki baziphendulele ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa imichiza enobungozi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iinjineli bafunda ubuchule nemililo ezitsha, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa. arhente ezisebenza ngempumelelo ngenjongo zokucima umlilo ebinokulutyhila izakhono zabo ngokupheleleyo kuphela meko luye lwaququzelelwa kakuhle inkqubo zokulwa komtshiso nakujoliso olutsha. Kule nkalo ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula izibonelelo ukubaluleka kunye ezisisiseko kuxutyushwa ukucima kunye neendlela zolawulo - oluzenzekelayo okanye manual.