Inkcazelo emfutshane yeSthedral yaseSt. Basil: ukwakheka

Ilizwe elilodwa elikhulu linempawu ezibonisa ubunzulu balo, umoya wesizwe, imbono edibanisa abantu kubantu abodwa. IRashiya inemifanekiso emininzi yokwenza uphawu olulodwa kuphela. Kodwa kwi-Red Square kukho itempile emela ezininzi izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yiRashiya ngokwenene: umlando omde, apho kukho ukukhanya kunye nobumnyama, kunye nokumangalisa okumangalisayo okubandakanya iindidi eziqaqambileyo. Ukubeka konke oku nkcazo emfutshane yeKathhedral yaseSt. Basil Uloyolo, ukubunjwa kweempembelelo ezimangalisayo akuyi kuyadingeka, kwanele ukukhumbula iingcamango kunye neengcamango apho ibali lakhe lizele khona.

Vow's Vow

U-Ivan u-Terrible ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi "umqokeleli" woMhlaba waseRashiya - kunye naye eMoscow waqala ukudala amandla amakhulu aholwa ngumlawuli olawulayo. I-Kazan Khanate - intsalela ye-Golden Horde-ixesha elide lichasene nokwandiswa kweRashiya yaseMoscow ngasempuma, kwaye uMongameli waseOrthodox wathembisa ukwakha itempile phakathi kwinqununu xa kwenzeka ukunqotshwa kweKazan. Yaba yiKathhedral yaseSt. Basil Uyolo, imbali eyaqala ngo-1555.

Ngethuba lephulo, umkhosi waseRashiya wabetha amaTatars abalulekileyo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwiTatars. Ekukhunjuleni kwabo kufuphi neKremlin, ukumkani wayala ukufakwa kwamabandla anikezelwe kwiingcwele, akhunjulwa kwiintsuku zale ntshaba. Ngoko kwakukho izakhiwo ezininzi zemihlathi ezenziwe ngumbumba kwindawo ehlanganisiweyo yomhlaba owawujikeleza iKremlin. Amasonto asibhozo ahlukeneyo ahlangene necawa eyintloko ezinikezelwe kuKhuselo lukaMama kaThixo (ngemihla yeli holide iholide ukuwa kokugqibela kweKazan kwenzeke) - enjalo inkcazelo yokwakha yaseSt. Basil Cathedral. Ukubunjwa kohlobo olunjalo lubekwe kwiMetropolitan yaseMoscow Makarii, owayenempembelelo enkulu kwi-tsar.

Igosa loMyili

Ngokumalunga nabani na owakhiwa ngokusemthethweni isiRashiya "isibonakaliso sesibhozo", akukho nto ichanekileyo ngolwazi, iinguqu kuphela kunye neengcamango ezihlala. Kukholelwa ukuba u-Pskov umphathi uBarma noPostnik Yakovlev bamenywa ukuba bathathe izakhiwo zokhuni zibe ngamatye. La magama ahlanganiswe kwingcaciso ye-Canonical yaseCathedral yaseSt. Basil. Ukubunjwa kwenguqu yokuba ngumntu oyedwa - I-Post Yakovlev, ebizwa ngokuba nguBarma, - iphinde isekelwe kwi-annals kwaye ibonakala ibonakala. Kukho uBharma okhankanywe njengomakhi weKazzan Kremlin, ukwakha okwaqala emva koko, emva kokwakhiwa kwecawa kwi-Red Square ngo-1561 kwagqitywa.

Oku kuthethwa kukuphazamisa into ethile emnandi. UTar Ivan wayemthanda umphumo womsebenzi wabakhi bezakhiwo waza wabuza ukuba banokuphinda ubuhle obunjalo naphi na? "Sinako!" - ngokuzidla waphendula inkosi, ekhohlwa ukuba i-Tsar ibizwa ngeGrozny. I-autocrat yalela ukuba iphofu abakhi, ukuze iMathathralral yaseMoscow yaseSt. Ngethamsanqa, le nto yinto nje kuphela, kwaye ingqungquthela yayiyikhono labaphathi baseRussia.

Ukwakha Ummangaliso

Ukumangalisa nokumangalisa ukubonakala kobugcisa bekhedareli akukuphela kokufaneleka. Ikhono apho iSthedral yaseSt. Basil lakhiwe. Inkcazo emfutshane malunga nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nobuchwepheshe bukhuluma ngokubanzi. Iindonga zayo zenziwe ngeyinto engavamile kweso sakhiwo - izitena, ngenxa yokuba zivame ukusebenzisa iibhloko ezitshiweyo zelitye elimhlophe, ngokukodwa ekubeni iindonga zededarili zenziwe ziba mhlophe ezimhlophe ixesha elide, kwaye indlu yayigolide, eyenza ibonakale njengamabandla eVladimir naseSuzdal.

Izinga eliphezulu lobunjineli kunye ne-filigree workmanship, apho iindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zeendawo kunye neenkcukacha ezihambelanayo zemihlobiso yangaphandle zihlanganisiwe, zihlala zibandakanywa kwingcaciso yeSthedral yaseSt. Basil. Ukubunjwa kwenguqu yokuba i-cathedral yakhiwe ngumyili weWest Yurophu, mhlawumbi isiTaliyane, sizathu sokungabaza ukuba abaphathi beli nqanaba bangafunyanwa eRashiya ngekhulu le-16. Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuba ukubonakala kokugqibela kwalolu hlobo lobugcisa lwakhiwa kwinqanaba elide kunye nexesha eliqhubekayo, xa iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanga zifuna ukuguqulwa nokuvuselelwa kwetempile.

IYerusalem yaseZulwini

Ngokwakhe isakhiwo esinobunzima obunzima nobunzima, isalathisi esivakalayo nesokuvisisanayo inkwenkwezi eneenkalo ezisibhozo ezenziwe ngeekwere ezimbini ezilungiselelwe kwi-angle ye-45 degrees. Le nkwenkwezi yeNtombikazi, kwaye kanye kanye imbono yokudibanisa iicawa eziliqela ngaphantsi kwephahla elilodwa libuyela kwiNdlu yeSanta Sepulcher, kwakungekho ngengozi ukuba i-cathedral yayisixesha elide elibizwa ngokuthi iMuscovites iYerusalem.

Ukugxininisa ubunjani bebuqaqawuli be-cathedral kunye nomboniso ophezulu wokuhlobisa: umzobo obalaseleyo kwiimveliso zezityalo kunye nesimo esingaqhelekanga kunye nombala oqaqambileyo wendlu ebonakalayo kwi-1780s.

Ubunqabileyo be-cathedral bufakwe kwisitenxo esithile kwisimo sentente ephakathi kweCawa yokuPhicelwa kunye nokucwangcisa mahhala, kubandakanywa nesonto laseSt. Basil elisenyakatho-mpuma. Wayehlala ixesha elide kuphela kwigumbi elifudumele ebandleni apho inkonzo yenzeka ngexesha lebusika, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ibandla laseSt. Basil Uloyolo lwaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yi-cathedral yonke.

Ngenxa kaKristu, isicwenge esingcwele

E-Russia abazinikeleyo abaye balahla induduzo kunye nentuthuzelo yobomi obupheleleyo ngenxa yokukhonza uThixo babehlala bekunqule. Iingqondi eziyingcwele, abantu ababezicingayo ukuba ngabasemagunyeni abantu abaqhelekileyo ngaphambi kwamandla asezulwini nasemhlabeni, babehlala behlonishwa eMoscow. Udumo olukhethekileyo lwaluyintsikelelo uVasili (1468-1557), owayebhekwa njengomphathi wesixeko.

UVasily akazange ahlonishwe ngabantu abaqhelekileyo, wayehlonishwa yiMetropolitan Macarius, uTyar Ivan ngokwakhe wamphulaphula. Ulolo uVasili wayengowokuqala ukuqokelela imali yokwakha itempile. Kwathethwa ukuba wagcina i-trifle eqoqwe ngokuvulekileyo, kodwa ngokumangalisayo, ayikho ipensi elahlekile, kuba isela labethwala ngenxa yokukhubazeka, apho uVasily kuphela owayenokuphilisa.

Le mali yayiyokuqala ukuyichitha ekwakhiweni, xa uNdiyolo sele esele efile, kwaye emngcwabeni wakhe, uGrozny ngokwakhe wayithwala ibhokisi.

Imithetho yamaxesha ahlukeneyo

Akunjalo umntu oye wakhathazeka, akakholelwa kuThixo, okanye ufile nje, okanye umtyholi ombethe amandla amakhulu, akanakushiya iSt. Basil's Cathedral. Inkcazo emfutshane yeengcamango ezinxulumene nayo, iyaqinisekisa le nto.

Xa uNapoleon ekhanyisiwe wangena kwinkunzi yaseRashiya yaseRashiya, wabiza i-kedralra umsikiti kwaye wakha isakhiwo apho. Kodwa ukungaqondi ukuba ubukhulu bakhe abuzange bayixelele ukuba adibanise itempile, ngoko ukuma phakathi kweParis. Xa ukungenakwenzeka kwale nqubo kwacaca, wanikela umyalelo okhuselekileyo ngakumbi - ukuba aqhube i-cathedral. Ngokomxholo, oku akuzange kuvunywe yiNkosi - imvula enkulu yakhukula iifomu, ingavumeli ukuba uburharha kwenzeke.

Ngomnye umlawuli onamandla onke, ibali elenzeka kwixesha laseSoviet lidibane. Ngentloko yaseMoscow kwakunjalo uLarbara Kaganovich, owayephethe izicwangciso zikaStalin zokudala i-capitalistist capital. Xa evuma isicwangciso sokuvuselelwa kweziko laseMoscow, wasusa umzekelo wekontrare, enqwenela ukubonisa indlela okunokwenzeka ngayo ukuhamba kwimiba elula ngakumbi ngexesha lokubonakalisa kwi-Red Square. Umlenze walondoloza amazwi kaNkokeli: "Lazaro!" Beka endaweni! .. "Umfundi we-seminarian wangaphambili akazange akwazi ukulahla iMoscow yetempile ebizwa ngokuba ngumkhuseli osikelelekileyo, nangona amakhulu emabandla apheliswa ngumyalelo wakhe.

Isibonakaliso ngonaphakade

Ozelwe nge talente kunye nokholo lwabantu, wayemi emlilweni weemfazwe kunye neenguqulelo. Kukho okuqinisekileyo: ngelixa idilesi: I- Red Square, indlu yesi-2, akukho ndawo yezoshishino ezininzi okanye indlu engenakunqunyulwa, kodwa iSthedral yaseSt. Basil, i-Russia ayiyi kulahleka ithemba.