Ingcamango lwentlalo-ntle yoluntu kunye nomthetho nokhuseleko loluntu. imizimba zokhuseleko Social

Makhe sijonge ingqikelelo ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye nelungelo loluntu lokhuseleko. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoku ubomi nzima kwiindawo ezinkulu zabemi. Nokunceda abantu, urhulumente usebenzisa iindlela ezijolise ntle yabemi. Yintoni abamele?

ulwazi jikelele

Okokuqala, cinga ingqiqo lwentlalo-ntle yoluntu kunye nomthetho nokhuseleko loluntu. Ngoko abanawo ekuthiwa okunene ezikhoyo, ixabiso leyo emiselwe yi hetiseka kunye nokuchaneka vangama kuyo zonke iimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Isithethe yomthetho inkcazelo kolu luvo unika umzimba zabavakalisa imithetho. kwakhe uqobo emalunga nenzululwazi nokuziqhelanisa ubonwa inyaniso esekwe kwindawo ethile. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ingqikelelo yoyilo zokhuseleko loluntu kunye nomthetho yokhuseleko loluntu (kwakunye nabanye) abakacaci ngokwasemthethweni. Uncwadi kwezemfundo yezenzululwazi unokumelana ezahlukahlukeneyo ukwakhiwa. Oku kakhulu kuchaphazela imiqondiso eyenziwe nababhali iincwadi kunye namanqaku njengesiseko.

Yintoni na?

Yintoni ukhuseleko loluntu kwabemi? Oku kuchazwa njengendlela ekhethekileyo kulwabiwo lwezibonelelo, oqinisekisa abemi inqanaba eqhelekileyo enkcubeko kunye zokuphila nemigangatho ebudaleni, ukukhubazeka okanye usindileyo. Kwakhona iquka ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yolondolozo eziphathekayo kunye nokhuseleko abemi ubudala, ukukhubazeka, intswelangqesho, izifo kunye nezinye iimeko esekwe ngumthetho. Kwakhona, xa esebenzisa elithi 'inkxaso yoluntu ngokusemthethweni ", ngoko ngaphantsi kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo yonxulumano loluntu ziye zaphuhliswa phakathi kwabemi kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente (imibutho ngamnye okanye urhulumente wengingqi). Ukuze ezi njongo, eyakhiwe ezizodwa iimali ezabelwe imali ulwabiwomali pension kunye neenzuzo, noncedo lwezonyango njalo njalo. Ngokubanzi, izibonelelo ezikhoyo kunokwenzeka zemali xa iziganeko iimeko zobomi, nto leyo ithetha ilahleko okanye ukuncitshiswa yengeniso. Kwakhona, umbutho ka zentlalo amalungiselelo sicacisa amanyathelo ezithile ngeendleko ukwandisa amahlwempu (leyo, umzekelo, abantwana abaninzi) amalungu oluntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ingqikelelo ntle yoluntu kunye nomthetho yokhuseleko loluntu ufuna uncedo okunyanzelekileyo ngurhulumente. Kodwa ezi mali ezincinane, leyo mali ukuya ngokusekwa umgangatho womvuzo isixa kwinqanaba nokutya okanye kunjalo.

trends

Njengokuba uphuhliso yokhuseleko loluntu, iye iimpawu ezithile kumazwe athile. Kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuyenzeka ukuba anikezele:

• Uchaze uhlobo yoluntu esekwe iindlela zeziko esemthethweni lokuqinisekisa kunye nokusasazwa imveliso lwentlalo. Kwakhona badumileyo ebalulekileyo kukuchaza kabanzi kunye nokusekwa inkqubo ehlukeneyo le njongo.
• ukuhlanganiswa yemithetho iingozi zentlalo, nto leyo isisiseko uncedo.
• Ukubekwa uluhlu Abantu abangenza izicelo zenkxaso. Bona benza kulawulo ukhuselo loluntu.
• State imixhesho standard lwentlalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubandakanya nokumisela minimum and esiphezulu.

enye

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, amagama oluchanekileyo efanayo yintoni na ukhuseleko lwentlalo no.

Ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba zazise okubhalwe kule enye eyenziwa yi R. I. Ivanovoy:

• Imfuneko ye ukhuseleko loluntu womatshini ebangela amabala njongo. Kwaye kufuneka ukuba sizama ukubonelela bonke abemi karhulumente kwinqanaba elithile umgangatho wokuphila.
• Kukho iindlela ezintsha ukubunjwa mali.
• Yenza owahlukileyo, imithombo ngaphambili non-alwa nawe yokhuseleko loluntu.
• Kukho amalungiselelo ezintsha ukwenzela ukubonelela ngendlela yokuphila.
• Ezizinzileyo kumgangatho esemthethweni akhiwa iindlela yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu, oorhulumente kunye iziseko.

iingxaki ukubunjwa

Ngoko ke, ugxininisa iintsingiselo kunye neempawu eziphambili. Kubonakala lula ukuba ukunika ingcaciso yokuba yintoni na ukhuseleko lwentlalo yoluntu. Kodwa bonke akukho lula njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala. Isizathu isenguye njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili - multidimensionality. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na inkcazelo awandibabala kukhuseleko loluntu, akakwazi yonke. Ngapha koko, ukuba oku kuyimfuneko ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ezendeleyo kule ndawo kubomi, lo gama ukukhomba yonke imisebenzi. Ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswa amagama yokuzenzisa efanayo, bona babe neempawu zabo. Ngoko ke, musani kuba ngenxa yobume impikiswano kufuneka sisekhona azalise injongo ukudibanisa zonke iimpawu esele zikho kule meko. Ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye ezisisiseko ezisisiseko.

Kutheni kufuneka ukhuseleko loluntu?

Le ndlela isetyenziswa kuluntu kunye karhulumente ngeenjongo zokusombulula le ngxaki zokungalingani phakathi kwabantu yengeniso. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka kungabi ngenxa yokungafani imveliso yazo. Oko kukuthi, abasemagunyeni zentlalo kunokunceda, kodwa kuphela kwiimeko apho kukho imfuneko esinjalo kuye kwavela ngenxa yezizathu akuyi. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo yaqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha kwaye uye wafumana ukwanda kakhulu kwinkulungwane XX. isixhobo Redistribution for zokusombulula iingxaki zentlalo isetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxabano ezahlukeneyo kuluntu kunye nokuthintela ngokuvela mazwi olukhulu. Ukongeza, akunakwenzeka ukuba phantsi ukubaluleka kwale ndlela kunye ukuze uzinzise isimo sengqondo yomntu. Ngapha koko, ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunegalelo ekuyilweni intuthuzelo abantu kunye nokubuyiselwa ubume babo njengelungu yinxalenye yoluntu.

enye inkcazelo

Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba ukhuseleko loluntu - yinto indlela yokwabiwa inxalenye ethile ye-GDP, ebonelela kubemi alinganayo ubutyebi ingeniso yomntu phezu kokuvela iimeko ntlekele. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ibekelwe imali kangangoko esokuba uluntu nganye ezinga malungu abantu kunye norhulumente. Kule indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa lisebe ukhuseleko mthetho kunye nezentlalo. Bona ukudala imimiselo yezomthetho kunye neefom, kwakunye kuququzelela inkqubo ngokutsha ngokwayo.

ezenzekayo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu yi fani. Iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga onke amathuba uxelele i-ofisi yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ekufuphi kuwe. Kwaye ngoku makhe sijonge imeko xa iyonke. Ngoko ke, ukuqala i umdla inkulu inshorensi mali karhulumente. Ngoko wabiza inkqubo yogunyaziso ukuqinisekisa ekumvuzeni. umongo walo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umngcipheko iingxaki zentlalo yabelwe abaqeshi kunye nabantu ngokwabo. Oku kuboniswa ukugxothwa ngenkani iintlawulo ukuthemba imali. Kulo mzekelo, enikelweyo ukuba iimpahla eziphathekayo ziza kunikwa kamva ngokomlinganiselo kwiimali uzihlawulelwa. Ukongeza, kukho ukhuseleko loluntu, engaquki ithathele ingqalelo igalelo lamandla oluntu. Iintlobo kunye nobungakanani uncedo kule meko zahluke kwamanye amazwe. Phantsi zokhuseleko loluntu ezifana kungathetha nokubonelela inzuzo eyimali kunye neenkonzo, leyo inokufunyanwa ngaphandle kwentlawulo okanye amagama kakuhle. Abantu abaphila ubuhlwempu ungase ufaneleke ukuba izibonelelo zemali, zoncedo lokutya, izinto esizithandayo ngemfundo okanye uqeqesho. Apha kuyimfuneko ukuba ukrwele umgca kumazwe Nordic, apho uncedo loluntu sinokulindela yonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yabo yemali. Le peculiarity kule imeko kukuba usasazo na abaqeshwa hayi kuphela kwenziwa (njengoko kunjalo nge-inshorensi), yaye onke amalungu oluntu.

ukhuseleko Social

Ngoko such a iseti imilinganiso eyongeziweyo ezibonelela uncedo lwemali ukuze maqela oluntu asemngciphekweni, ezo abakhulileyo, abantu abakhubazekileyo, iintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi kunye nabantwana njalo njalo. Oku konke kwenziwa mali okanye iimali ezithile zentlalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe multifunctionality le ndlela, leyo ixhomekeke kakhulu kuyo sibekwa nsimbi. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle iingozi umgangatho zentlalo ezifana yokwaluphala, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka okwethutyana kunye neminye imiba ziye mawubekwe ngeengozi yenguqu. Nangona ubukho ingqiqo kule ndawo, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ezinye iingcali ukutyhilwa kwephupha elo. Ngoko ke, abanye abantu phantsi ukhuseleko loluntu jikelele ukuqonda yonke imisebenzi karhulumente, ejoliswe lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa zobuntu esidibeneyo. Ngaphandle imiba njengesiqhelo, oku kubandakanya ukuchongwa neutralization izinto ezimbi ezichaphazela ubuntu kwaye zichaphazela nokuzimisela kwakhe kunye nokuvunywa kobu bomi.

zokhuseleko loluntu njengomsebenzi karhulumente

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukubaluleka enkulu kule ndawo ngenxa imisebenzi yoluntu lonke kunye nabameli ngamnye (umzekelo, uLawulo loKhuseleko loLuntu). Ngelo xesha ukwabelana ukhuseleko loluntu jikelele kunye ezizodwa. Xa kuqala ukuqonda umsebenzi, ejoliswe ekusebenziseni amalungelo angundoqo abemi. Phantsi ukhuseleko loluntu ezizodwa ukuqonda ukudaleka nenkqubo yolawulo uzinzise umntu okanye iqela ezifuna ezinye hlobo loncedo. Kwabo zibandakanya abasebenzi zomkhosi okanye umhlalaphansi. Ukuba sithethe ngayo kuqala, ukuba Uyazimisela iindlela lwentlalo zijolise bayeke okanye sokunqanda ukungaphatheki ngesikhundla lwabo kuluntu. Kwakhona kumdla kukarhulumente ukugcina umgangatho wabo omkhulu. Kule nkalo, abaninzi igalelo abasemagunyeni zokhuseleko loluntu.

isiphelo

ukhuseleko lwentlalo ngumba obalulekileyo phakathi kwabantu, apho okwangoku inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ngokunxulumene nokumiselwa kunye nokuzinziswa amacandelo esezantsi imali yoluntu. Ngoko ke, ngenxa iindlela ezikhoyo wonke umntu unokuqiniseka ukuba akayi waphoswa emva kokuqala kukwaluphala kunye nokukhubazeka. Kakade ke, ndingathanda ukukhankanya into yokuba ukunyuka yenza imali ngokukhawuleza.