Ingaba kukho naziphi na iipilisi umhlaza?

Xa incwadi esihloko sithi "Hayi nje malunga weebhayisekile: Ukubuya kwam ebomini" i quote lobulumko uthi ukufa l eople. Xa uyazi, okunye engabalulekanga kubonakala. Nje makangakhohlisi. Kodwa kukho nenye inyaniso. Abantu abahlala. Oku ke kwelinye icala, kodwa inyaniso nobulungisa ngokulinganayo. Abantu bahlala, yaye ngamanye amaxesha aphile ezimangalisayo.

Ekuliweni zenkulungwane yama-21

Umhlaza babehlangana yezonyango kangangamawaka eminyaka yaye ize yachazwa yi amaxhwele isiGrike kunye umYiputa. Kuya kuba kwafunyaniswa ukuba umhla izigulane, ingakumbi abantu abadala, apho iiseli ningabi nako ukusebenza njengomntu oselula yasebenza. Ngapha koko, enyanisweni, umhlaza - oku ke beqokelela iiseli ubuntwana ukuba ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, kodwa laqhenqetha, echaphazela umzimba lonke ixesha. Ezinyangiweyo sisifo esibi ngoku? Izazinzulu emhlabeni wonke inxaxheba kuphuhliso iziyobisi umhlaza - yaye ziye ngakumbi impumelelo kule nkalo.

Ukuba phambi oncologists baba oogqirha ngakumbi nje wazisusa ithumba, kodwa namhlanje amaninzi eyenziwa ichemotherapy kunye nonyango kunye neziyobisi. Kakade ke, asizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza baphathwa - kukho yamathumba kusenjalo azifake unyango.

I msinyane - ngcono

Awu, yamathumba uninzi sifo lihambile ke, xa unyango ngamachiza ayiniki yifuna. Noko ke, ukuba ubone oko kwangaphambili, usaqala, kulula ukulwenza ngokwaneleyo ukuba aphilise uthomalaliso endala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango yaphela ngumnqobi phezu thumba.

Ixesha ukuhlola eliyingozi iindlela zokuhlola isifo uncedo. Ngokomzekelo, kwaSirayeli, enkosi mammography ngexesha elililo, malunga nama-90% abasetyhini babe nomhlaza webele uya kuphila. Ngelishwa, abantu badla ngoyaba iimvavanyo zokuthintela, kwaye nkqu iimpawu ixhala.

Antivirals kunye nonyango zomhlaza

Ekuhambeni konyango lwe Oncology ziquka ngokuyimfuneko amachiza immunomodulatory. Okokuqala, oogqirha kudala kwaziwa ukuba izifo ezininzi bentsholongwane kunokubangela uphuhliso yamathumba amabi. Umzekelo, papilloma virus, nto leyo banesifo kwi uninzi labantu eziliqela isantya kunokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Iziyobisi yenza omzimba yesigulana ukunceda umzimba ulwe esi sifo ngokwabo, ngoko badlala indima ebalulekileyo irejimeni yonyango.

Anaemia kweziyobisi somdlavuza

Ngowe-2016, izazinzulu ze ezifunyanwa emangalisayo yenziwa - yi "ipilisi umhlaza" sele yasungulwa. Ithengisiwe ngecala ezishelifini ekhemisi ukusuka kwegazi kweziyobisi usiza umhlaza!

Izazinzulu ezivela US Stanford University wafumanisa ukuba nanoparticles intsimbi zibandakanyiwe ekuqulunqeni ukukhuthaza omzimba intshabalalo ngenxa ukusebenza Cancer uluhlu macrophage - iiseli, umsebenzi engundoqo apho ekulihlambululeni umzimba kunye elekhtrons nophuhliso yamathumba ngumhlaza. Iyeza ubizwa ngokuba "Ferumoksitol" kwaye ngoku ifumaneka ezikhemisti US ngaphandle kagqirha.

Isiphumo ichiza wahlolwa kumaqela yeempuku abosulelwe ngokuzenzela ngamathumba ngumhlaza. Uphando olu lwaye lwafumanisa ukuba "Ferumoksitol" awuvumeli ukuba ukusasaza Ukudlulela, abangaphangeliyo iiseli umhlaza kwaye akukho linokufumana imiphumela enobungozi. Kungekudala ichiza ziya kuvavanywa izigulane ezinomhlaza.

Ukuphuhliswa amachiza amatsha izifo zomhlaza

Iinkampani eziXuba amaYeza ehlabathini lonke namhlanje ixakeke kakhulu ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso amachiza zomhlaza. Kwelinye icala, ukuba sinethemba ukunceda uluntu ekulweni yamathumba yingozi, kwelinye - ukuqonda ukuba iya kuzisa kubo imali eninzi.

Namhlanje njongo iphambili meko akuthethi ukwenza amayeza obonakalisayo nethumba, kunye neziyobisi lokuqamba esebenza kakuhle ngakumbi kwaye zikhethwe. Eneneni, ithandwa kangaka yezonyango ichemotherapy kudla ayisayicinezeli amajoni omzimba yesigulane, nkqu umkhuhlane uyabulala endaweni ithumba yesigulane.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, uthi abaphandi, cwecwe entsha ngumhlaza kufuneka ukuthintela iseli ukukhula, uvimba izinto zokukhula kwayo, uzizimase amajoni omzimba, leyo ngokwayo uqala ukuba atshabalalise ithumba ngendlela yemvelo.

Phakathi amachiza ukusetyenziswa ogama sele kwindawo unyango somhlaza zezi zilandelayo:

1. "Quds". Developed yinkampani Swiss Roche. It is a ludibaniso sele kakuhle kwaziwa kwimarike amayeza "Herceptin", yaye chemotherapy "Emtanzina". EUnited States sele sagqiba ekubeni yithenge evela koogxa Swiss ubunzima sentengiso.
2. "Fluorouracil" - an antimetabolite oluthintela DNA Synthesis iiseli. "Chlorambucil" isebenza kumgaqo. Ngokubanzi, anti-metabolites zithathwa iyeza jikelele ukuba yonke imihlaza kuba konakalisa DNA yeseli kunye nokuthintela hlula yayo. Kudla isetyenziswa ne iikhompawundi platinum.
3. "Imatinib", wathengisa phantsi kwegama "Glivec". izenzo iziyobisi kweeseli antileukemic emane enza iiseli esinokubangela uphuhliso yamathumba ngumhlaza. Eyona Ububi cytostatics ukuba bambulale iiseli yingozi bayakwazi ukuba kusekho okuninzi yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ekubeni izinto ezininzi ezenzeka eUnited States, kuphela oyindlela yabantu bethu ukuba la machiza - delivery nokubonisa. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, unyango lomhlaza Ayifumaneki.

amayeza ngamayeza evela Thailand

Ngo-2013, kwavakala ukuba Thailand ekuthengisweni nto iyeza ngokusekelwe amayeza imifuno ukuqokelelwa, Oncology kuliyeza kulo nakweliphi na ibakala. Oku unyango lomhlaza wafumana kudala kwaye ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa Thais. Ichiza ifumaneka kwifomu philisi phantsi kwegama G-ngokoma. Oogqirha, owenza eli yeza akasaphili, kodwa ityala lakhe uqhubeka unyana. Yeha, amacwecwe Thai ngumhlaza bakwazi ukunceda wonke - abo sele kudlule ikhondo chemotherapy, uMdali isicelo hayi kuyacetyiswa. Kunjalo, wanceda abantu abaninzi, ukuphila kwabo ngeminyaka 10-20.

Iindleko ichiza-3 000 engange. 60 njengezingxobo.

iziyobisi Russian kwi unyango yamathumba

Ngenxa umonakalo omkhulu yeziyobisi anticancer eRashiya naseUkraine, azisoloko zifumaneka. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu Russian baye basungula "umhlaza ipilisi", ixabiso uya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu nucleoside amazwe.

Ekupheleni 2016, kwavakala ukuba, ngo-2018-2019, i-unyango yakutshanje efumanekayo umhlaza. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba ukulungele ukuba iimvavanyo zokuqala lwezonyango, nto leyo eya kuba kuyo izigulane ehlabathini lonke, kuquka, Kakade ke, kunye baseRashiya.

Umsebenzi ophambili we ichiza ngoxa enxibe isihloko olusebenza PD-1, kukuba ukususa i "yokugquma" kunye iiseli zomhlaza. Le nto ukuba ixesha elithile amajoni omzimba nje ukuba babone ntoni na iiseli banabileyo iyasebenza yaye umhlaza kuba wazifihla kakuhle. Kwaye xa yokugquma unciphisa, ukumelana nazo kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Noko ke, ukuba, inkqubo wokugonyeka ukhawuleze wayiqonda kwamagciwane nangoko, ithuba ukuchacha iphezulu kakhulu. Ukongeza, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba elilingana Russian isebenza ngakumbi arhente zasemzini.

Nangona ichiza kuvavanywa izilwanyana kunye nezigulane, ukuba igqitha zonke iimvavanyo, ngo-2018 kuya kuba lula ukuba uthenge ezi pilisi ngumhlaza. iindleko iza kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.