Imizobo kaErnst Neizvestny: inkcazo, ifoto

Phakathi kweemifanekiso ezivelele zehlabathi, u-Ernst Neizvestny uthatha indawo efanelekileyo. Imizobo, iifoto ezibonakaliswa kuzo zonke iincwadi zezifundo zobugcisa be-20 leminyaka, bethengisa umbono ongavamile wehlabathi. Imisebenzi yeAngaziwa ihlale ibonakala kwaye ivelise imbonakalo ecacileyo yobungqina babo kunye nobunzima. Ubomi bomculi kwakungekho lula, kodwa wakwazi ukugcina umntu wakhe, uhlekisayo kunye nethemba kuze kube sekupheleni kwemihla yakhe.

Izinto eziphambili ze-biography

U-Ernst owaziwayo ngo-Apreli 9, 1925 eSverdlovsk. Abazali, ugqirha kunye nomlobi, baphonyiswa nge-1930. I talente yenkwenkwe yavela kakhulu kakhulu, yavakashela isikolo sobugcisa njengomntwana, kwaye ngo-17 wangena esikolweni kwi-Academy of Arts. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili, u-Ernst wavolontiya phambili kwaye, emva kokuqeqesha, waya kusebenza kwimikhosi yomoya. Ngo-1945 walimala kabi waza wathunyelwa unyango. Ngenxa yemfazwe apho ayenzakele khona, ingaziwa yenziwa kwisihloko seHero yeSoviet Union. Kodwa ngenxa yegama kwakukho ukudideka, kwaye iminyaka engama-28 ibhaso lekomiti alizange lifumane u-Ernst. Kanye nje ngeli xesha, indoda engaziwayo yayinokuphikisana ngqo neKrushchev kwimixholo yobungcali, kwaye isihloko saso sasingakhange sinikezwe ngumculi, sithatha indawo ye- Order ye-Star Star. Emva kwemfazwe, u-Neizvestny ufundiswe kwiRiga Academy of Arts, kwi-Institute. Surikov, kwi-Faculty of Philosophy yaseMoscow State University. Phakathi kowe-1950 u-Ernst Iosifovich waba ngumculi ophawulekayo, ongabonisi. Ngowe-1962 wabamba iqela kwimiboniso yobugcisa bexesha langoku, etshitshiswa nguN. Khrushchev. Ukususela ngelo xesha kunzima ukusebenza ku-USSR kwi-Unknown, kwaye ngowe-1976 uhamba, kuqala eSwitzerland aze afike e-US, apho uya kuhlala khona ubomi bakhe buninzi. Emva kwe-perestroika, u-Ernst Iosifovich wayesoloko ehambela iRashiya. Imisebenzi yakhe iqokelelwe ngasese nakwiimyuziyam ezweni lakubo nakumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi. Engaziwayo yayitshatile eziliqela, wayenentombi. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-88 wayenomsebenzi obunzima kwaye waqhubeka nokudala kwaye aphile iminyaka embalwa. Umculi wasweleka ngo-Agasti 9, 2016 eNew York.

Indlela yokudala

Ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-50, i-Unknown isebenze ngamandla kwaye izama. Okokuqala kuzo zonke, kuqinisekiswa njengomdwebi. Kodwa ukususela kuma-70s wazinikezela ixesha elide kwimifanekiso, ngokubonisa imisebenzi yombhalo, ngokukodwa, "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuGwetywa" nguF. Dostoevsky. E-USSR, u-Neizvestny wayenemiboniso emibini kuphela, emva koko waxhatshazwa ngenxa yesifiso sakhe se-avant-garde. Ukususela ngo-1965, uye wabathatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso eNtshona. Ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakhe ngaphandle, u-Ernst wakwazi ukudala imisebenzi engama-850 e-USSR. Kwaye emva kokufudukela kwamanye amazwe, i-Unknown iba ngumdla ngokuqhubekayo kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa kwiizwe ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Wayesoloko enomsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu womsebenzi. Imizobo kaErnst Neizvestny ibe yithandwa kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza iba ngumdumo. Emva kwe-perestroika, umculi waphinda waqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ezweni lakubo. Ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-Unknown yaziwa kwihlabathi lonke njengeklasi ephilayo, inkosi.

Indlela yomlobi ka-Ernst Neizvestny

Sekuqaleni kwimisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, umdwebi wabonisa izinto ezintsha. Imizobo ka-Ernst Neizvestny idibanisa uphawu olunzulu kunye nokubonakalisa okunamandla. Ukhokho wesakhiwo esitsha se-20 leminyaka. Indalo yakhe yinto yokufuzisela yonke indawo ngengqiqo yefilosofi, kungekhona ngabanye abagxekayo, bezama ukuchaza indlela yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi engaziwayo ngokuthi "imifanekiso eqingqiweyo". Ngomsebenzi wakhe oqolileyo u-Ernst Iosifovich udlalela emzimbeni womntu, uzama ukuxhuma kunye nehlabathi lezinto ezibonakalayo, umculi wabiza ngokuthi "uhlobo lwesibini". Umxholo oyintloko womsebenzi wakhe ubuntwini, yintlekele yobomi bomntu, intsingiselo yayo yayihlala kuyo yonke into engaziwayo kulo lonke ubomi bakhe. Wayehlala ephendukela kwiingxaki zomntu, wayenomdla kwimbonakalo ephezulu yomoya womntu. Ngomsebenzi wendlela yakhe yomlobi, abaphandi babiza umnxeba omkhulu, ukuchithwa okucacileyo komfanekiso, izinga eliphezulu lokuvelisa umfanekiso.

Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-Ernst Neizvestny

Ilifa lokudala lika-Ernst Neizvestny likhulu, kude kube ngoku akukho mntu uye wazama ukubala ukuba zingaphi imisebenzi esebenza ngayo inkosi. Uhlale esebenza kakuhle, ngoko kukho inkulu kakhulu yakhe indalo. Imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo iquka isikhumbuzo ku-N. Khrushchev, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo Umthi woBomi kunye no-Orpheus, ukubunjwa kuka-Prometheus kunye ne-Children of the World, isikhumbuzo seLotus Flower, umfanekiso oqoshiwe we-A. Tarkovsky no-D. Shostakovich, umsebenzi wenkolo " Intliziyo kaKrestu ", umzobo" Umntwana Omncinci "e-Odessa, isikhumbuzo" Ukuvuselela ". Olu luhlu aluphelelanga ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni umculi unemisebenzi eminingi. Umfanekiso wesimanje awukho nje ukuqokelela, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo uba yinxalenye yoluntu. Uninzi lwezikhumbuzo zanamhlanje zenza ngokukhethekileyo izixeko ezihlukeneyo, u-Ernst Neizvestny wayedla ngokusebenza. Imifanekiso yaseMoscow yasungulwa kakade ngexesha le-perestroika yaye iyingxenye yomsebenzi okhulileyo wenkosi. Ngoko, kwiNtloko enkulu yaseRashiya ungabona izikhumbuzo ezifana nomthi we "Life Tree", "Impindiselo", ingcwaba likaN. Khrushchev.

Orpheus

Imifanekiso emitha emibini "Orpheus" ngu-Ernst Neizvestny wadalwa ngo-1962. Imvelaphi igcinwe kwi studio yomculi eNew York. Imijelo yalo msebenzi yayisetyenziselwa ukudala isitetimenti somvuzo we -award ye -TEFI. Isibalo sinomthwalo osisigxina - 8.5 kg, kwaye siphinda ngokuphinda sichaze umfanekiso "omkhulu". Ingcamango yokudala umfanekiso ufike kumculi emva kokuba Khrushchev etshitshise indalo yakhe kwimiboniso yobugcisa. Emfanekisweni wesibongo esineqhwenga esiqwengileyo, edlala "kwimichilo yomphefumlo wakhe," ngokuqinisekileyo, u-Ernst Iosifovich wadlulisa amava akhe ngaloo xesha.

Umthi woBomi

Ihlabathi jikelele, iingxaki zehlabathi zisoloko zinomdla kumagcisa amakhulu, njengoErnst Neizvestny. Imizobo "UMthi woBomi" kunye no "Prometheus kunye neNyana yeLizwe", eyadalwa ngesiseko seenganekwane, zinikelwe kwiimfuno zendalo jikelele, ezilungileyo nezimbi. Kulo "Mthi woBomi" umbhali akadibanisi nje iinjongo zeBhayibhile, kodwa kunye nesimboli yezinye iicawa, kunye neenxalenye zeenkolelo zeso siqithi. Ngokubunjwa, ubona ubuso babantu bezobudala, ukusuka kuAdam noEva ukuya kuYuri Gagarin. Isithsaba sobunjwa bonke asiyonto yintliziyo yomntu njengophawu lobomi kunye nesimo. Okungaziwa kusebenza kule creation iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. Namhlanje, umzobo useMoscow, kwaye ungabonwa ngumntu.

Isikhumbuzo seKrushchev

Umzekelo wobomi obungalindelekanga ungaguqulwa njengesicatshulwa seKrushchev. U-Ernst Engaziwayo kwiminyaka yama-1960, emva kokuba uKhrushchev aphefumle indalo yakhe, ebiza umsebenzi kaNowazvestny "ubugcisa bokuguga", akakwazanga ukuthengisa umsebenzi omnye. Iminyaka eyi-15 wathengisa imisebenzi e-4 kuphela, ayikwazanga ukufumana i-oda yelizwe, yasebenza njengomthwalo. Ngoko ke, kuKhrushchev, i-Unknown yayinemeko engafanelekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufa kukaNicita Sergeyevich, izalamane zakhe zacela ukuba zenze ilitye lelitye, umdwebi wavuma. Wadala ukubunjwa okwakusetyenziselwa umxholo womzabalazo kunye nobunye beenkcaso, ukukhanya kunye nobumnyama. Umsebenzi usemangcwabeni eKhroshchev eMangcwabeni eNoodevichy.

Mask of Sorrow

U-Ernst Neizvestny, onemifanekiso yakhe ebonakalayo kwiimyuziyam ezincinci kwihlabathi, ngokuqhelekileyo emsebenzini wakhe ubhekiswe kumxholo wokungabikho kwenkululeko yomzimba kunye nomoya. Kwiminyaka emininzi wayesebenza kwiprojekthi yesikhumbuzo kumaxhoba okunciphisa kwi-USSR, yabiza ngokuthi "iMask of Death." Ngefomu engafaniyo, umculi udlulisela imbono yobuzenzisi bolawulo lwezopolitiko baseSoviet. Udala isimboli sosizi lwabafazi kunye noomama abalindelwe ngokungagwetywa. Ngaphakathi kweso sikhumbuzo, ikopi yesisele yejele yatyunjwa kwakhona, ongayikhuphuka isiteji esinyithi njengenqaba yasejele. Isikhumbuzo seemitha ezili-15 sibonakala phantse nakweyiphi na kwisixeko saseMagadan - i-capital capital yeenkampu zamaxesha aseSoviet.

ILotus flower

Ukuchaza imifanekiso ka-Ernst Neizvestny, umntu akanakunceda ukukhumbula isikhumbuzo esikhulu seLotus Flower eYiputa. Isikhumbuzo sibonakalisa ubungqina baseSoviet-Arab kwaye safakwa kufuphi neDam Aswan. Isakhiwo esikhulu samamitha angama-75 sakhiwe nguKozvestny ngokubambisana nabaqulunqa ababini, kamva bazama ukuthobela indima yomdwebi emsebenzini kuloo projekthi. Nangona kunjalo, kwakuyi-sketches ngu-Ernst Iosifovich eyavumela iqela labalobi ukuba liphumelele ukhuphiswano lokudala isikhumbuzo. Namhlanje ingenye yezikhumbuzo ezilishumi eziphezulu zehlabathi. Ummandla wonke wangaphakathi weentyatyambo uhlotshiswe nge-bas-reliefs ngokwemizobo kaErnst Neizvestny.

Intliziyo kaKristu

U-Ernst Neizvestny, onemifanekiso yakhe eqokelelweyo kwihlabathi, wayehloniphekile ukudala umsebenzi ogcinwe kwiMyuziyam yaseVatican. Umfanekiso othi "Intliziyo kaKristu" yintlukwano enomxholo wokubethelwa kwezinto ezinqamlekileyo. Umculi wenza i-complex complexity, phakathi kwendawo apho kukho umnqamlezo, kodwa umzobo kaKristu ujikelezwe ngumntu othize, ukubonakalisa intlungu, ukwesaba, ukukhala komntu. Umsebenzi wafunwa nguPapa John Paul II, kodwa umdwebi wanikela kumbingeleli, kwaye ngoku uhlobisa iMyuziyam yaseVatican.

Amabhaso kunye nezikhumbuzo

Imizobo kaErnst Neizvestny ifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. E-New York kwi studio yomculi iqokelele iqoqo elihle lemisebenzi yakhe. Ukuqokelela okuthakazelisayo kusekhaya lika-Ernst Iosifovich, eYekaterinburg. Apha zigcinwa iziqulatho ezininzi kunye nemifanekiso emininzi. KwiSixeko saseSweden saseTutberg kukho imyuziyam enomqoqo omncinci kodwa olungileyo wemisebenzi yintloko. Kodwa imisebenzi esemqoka yomculi izitrato zezixeko zehlabathi, ezinye zifumaneka kumangcwaba adumile.

Ngethuba lobomi bakhe, u-Ernst Neizvestny wathabatha amaxabiso amaninzi nakwamanye amazwe. Ilizwe lakwabo libuye linike umculi lowo. Wanikezwa uMyalelo weMerit for the Landland, Order of Honor, Umvuzo weSizwe weRussian Federation.