Isango leFriedland: idilesi, imbali. IiMyuziyamu zaseKaliningrad

I-Russian Kaliningrad isixeko esinomdla umdla. Kuze kube ngo-1946, ibizwa ngokuba yiKoenigsberg kwaye yayiyinye yeziko lezemfundo kunye nezemfundo ezibalulekileyo zaseJamani.

Ngelishwa, ngexesha leemfazwe zeMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ezininzi zokuvakasha kweso sixeko zalahleka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kwincinci eyasindayo inomdla omkhulu kubathandi bexesha elidlulileyo.

Phakathi kwezinto ezinqwenelekayo zokutyelela eKaliningrad yiSango leFriedland. Kwiminyaka emininzi, le nyuziyamu inomyuziyam ozinikezelwe kwimbali yangaphambili yemfazwe yesixeko.

Isango laseKoenigsberg

Isango lokuqala kwisixeko lakhiwa ngeXIII leminyaka. Emva kweeminyaka ezi-4, umsebenzi wenziwa ekwakhiweni kweNdonga enkulu yokuqala. Kwabandakanya amasango ayi-8. Ekubeni zonke ezo zakhiwo zenziwe ngamaplanga, kwiminyaka engama-200 zaye zonakalisa kakubi, kwaye uKumkani wasePrussia, uFriedrich Wilhelm Four, wanquma ukwakha iSiqinisekiso sesiBini esiPhakathi. Intloko yeemisebenzi yamiselwa u-Ernst Ludwig von Aster, owathi wagqiba ukudala izakhiwo ezakhiweyo kwisakhiwo seNgesi neo-Gothic. Abokuqala abayakhayo kwakuyiRoyal, ukubeka okuye kwenzeka ngo-1843, kwaye iminyaka engama-10 kamva isixeko sasihlotswe ngezakhiwo ezithandathu ezifanayo: iZakheim, Rossgarten, Steindamm, Tragheim, Ausfal ne-Hollanderbaum. Indawo yokugqibela yokwakhiwa, eyadlula iminyaka engama-19, kwakhiwa amasango amabini amatsha edibanisa i-hull: iFriedland neBrandenburg. Abokuqala bafumana igama labo kwimemori yesakhiwo esidala. Kwakukho endleleni edibanisa iKönigsberg kunye nesixeko saseFriedland, ngoku esibizwa ngePravdinsky. Kuye kwafika iinqwelo ezinamalungiselelo avela kwiidolophane ezikumzantsi-mpuma weKaliningrad zanamhlanje.

Isango laseFriedland: imbali yokwakhiwa kwekhulu le-20

Isiqinisekiso sokwenene sesibini asizange sigcine imisebenzi emide kakhulu yokuzikhusela. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lemashumi mabini, kwacaca ukuba abazange bakwazi ukukhusela isixeko kwiintlobo ezintsha zezixhobo ezabonakalayo ukusuka ekumiseni kwabo. Ngomnyaka we-1910, ukusuka kwinkqubo yemikhosi yemikhosi yayingabandakanywa kwaye yabhujiswa iTragheim, iSttndndamm ne-Hollanderbaum amasango. Ezinye izakhiwo ezintathu ezinjalo zazingekho phantsi kweengqungquthela zodongwe, iinqaba eziphambili kunye neengcambu. Kuphela amasango eRossgarten kunye neFriedland ahlala engahlali kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zachithwa. Ngelo xesha, izakhiwo zinomsebenzi omtsha: ziye zajika zaba yindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eziqulunqileyo kwilizwe elimangalisayo leZuid park.

Kwixesha lamaSoviet lembali yeCaliningrad, amasango emasango ayekwa, kwaye kwakhiwa izakhiwo zokugcina impahla kuzo. Ekuqaleni kwee-1990, ngexesha lokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi e-serf epakini, inani elikhulu lezinto zasekhaya zangekhulu lokuqala leminyaka lafunyanwa. Ukubakhokela kubahlali beedolophu kunye nabakhenkethi, umboniso wezinto ufumene idilesi: 30 I-Dzerzhinsky Street. Ngaphezu koko, kule minyaka leminyaka isango kunye neZuid-Park zaba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuvakalisa amaqela aseJamani aya ezweni lakubo.

Inkcazo yesakhiwo

Njengamanye amasango e-Konigsberg, i-Friedlands yakhiwa kwisakhiwo se-Neo-Gothic, esichaza iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zakhiwo zeNgesi zamaxesha eTudor. Umlobi weprojekthi akaziwa, kodwa abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba, mhlawumbi, nguFriedrich Stuyler.

Ukususela kwicala elidala isakhiwo se-Friedland Gate sahlula kwiingxenye ezi-6 ngeminqongo emihlanu. Baya kuphelisa ngeengqungquthela zokugcoba i-gabled kunye nokukhupha ngaphezulu kwe-parapet yokuhlobisa. Zonke iindinyana, iingcango kunye neefestile zihlotshiswe ngee-portals kwaye zenziwe ngolu hlobo lwama-arches athile.

Amasango e-Friedland ephambili enamacandelwana amabini kunye nobubanzi bemi-4.39 m kunye nobude be-4.24 m. Kwimijikelo yesakhiwo kukho i-casemates, nangaphandle-i-guardhouse. Umgangatho wesithotho wesango uhlotshiswe ngegridi. Ingubo ye-rhombic yezitena zombala ohlukileyo.

Imizobo kwi-facade

Isango laseFriedland (uKaliningrad) lihlotswe ngomfanekiso kaFriedrich von Zollern, owayengomnye wezona ziDumi eziDumileyo ze-Teutonic Order. Ngelishwa, i-original yayilahleka ngexesha lobudlova ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Omnye umfanekiso wesigxina - uSiegfried von Feuchtwangen, uMninimkhulu Omkhulu, owasekwa iMiddle Castle eMarienburg - usekho ngaphandle kwesango. Umlobi walo ngumdwebi uWilhelm Ludwig Stürmer. Ngo-2005 no-2008, umsebenzi wenziwa ukubuyisela ezi zikhumbuzo kwaye namhlanje zihlala ezihlalweni zazo kwaye enye yezona zinto zihlala zifotowe eKaliningrad.

Imyuziyam yeSango laseFriedland

Eli liziko lenkcubeko ngenxa yokubonakala kwalo kubathandi ababini - uAlexander Georgievich Novik kunye no-Avetisyants Elle Petrovna. Baye bakwazi ukuvula umboniso omncinci ukuya kwiimyuziyam apho apho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi wenkcubeko nemfundo.

Ngo-2007, yaqatshelwa njengenye yeeprojekthi ezi-3 eziphambili eziphunyeziweyo ngo-2007-2008. Ukongezelela, iziko laqatshelwa njengomqhubi we-All-Russian ukuncintisana kwemyuziyam ekutyunjeni lobugcisa.

Ukuboniswa

Isiboniso sokuqala sibizwa ngokuba yiSixeko soKhuselo. Abavakatye bamenywa ukuba benze uhambo olutshanje kumaphepha embali yaseKoenigsberg ngokujonga ifilimu engama-6 kunye nokwazi ulwazi olumile. Emva koko bamenywa kwiholo elikhulu, apho inxalenye yesibini yembonakalo ikhona, kwaye ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo kwidolophu yangaphambi kokulwa kwenzeka. Iqala ngeendlela zangempela ze-cobblestone ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kwesango, zijika zibe yinto ebonakalayo, eyenziwe ngokufaka iifayile ezivulekileyo. Iiprojekti ezintathu zenza i-illusion illusion, ichukumise imida yehlabathi lenene kwaye "isusa" iindonga. Imiphumo yomsindo inika ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwinto eyenzekayo: inqwelo yeenqwelo, abantwana bahleka kunye neesithende zezintombi ezincinci. Ngaphantsi kwezi zandi, izithuthi zihanjiswe eKoenigsberg ekupheleni kwe-19 kunye neyokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, zibizwa ngokuba ngumzi waseJadini kunye ne "German Atlantis".

Ukuhamba kakuhle

Umboniso wokukhanya ogqithiseleyo uphela ihora. Ngeli xesha, abathathi-nxaxheba be-excursion bawela kwiziko lembali laseKoenigsberg, apho, ngelishwa, akukho nto ihleli ebomini boqobo. Apho "bayangena" kwiifestile zeefestile, iivenkile kunye nee-pharmacy, kwaye banokuqhawula umtshato webhuloho ngaphesheya kwe-Old Pergola. Ekupheleni khenketho ebonakalayo, abatyeleli bafumana ipaki yangempela, eyatshatyalaliswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20 kwisiza sezakhiwo zangaphambili, kwaye ujabulele ubuhle bohlobo lwengingqi yaseKaliningrad.

Ukuboniswa "Echo of War"

Kwiimyuziyam "I-Friedland Gate" iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukuvuyela ukuhlala kwindlu egqityiweyo phantsi kwebhubhiso yeHlabathi yeZibini. Kukho umboniso we-audio-visual "Echo of War" owenziwe. Inendlela yesimanje kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kokukhanya, isandi kunye nemiphumo ebonakalayo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweendlela zakutshanje.

"IHolo ka Knight"

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, iSango leFriedland (idilesi: iDzerzhinsky, 30) yayihlotshiswe ngophawu lomyalelo weTeutonic. Ukongezelela, babefake izifanekiselo zabameli bakhe abaziwayo. Ngenxa yoko, akukho into eyenzekayo ukuba namhlanje i-museum ine-Exhibition ezinikele kwiiKtights ze-Teutonic Order, apho kwakhiwa khona izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngokwezinto zobuchwepheshe obudala.

Impucuko kunye nococeko

Ngesinye isihlandlo, idolophu yasePrussia yaseKoenigsberg ibonwa njengenye yezona zixeko ezikhulu kakhulu eJamani kunye nommandla waseBaltic. Isistim se-centralized sewage system savela ngaphaya kwezona zixeko ezininzi zaseburhulumenteni baseRashiya. Iimyuziyamu, ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwiSango leFriedland, iindwendwe ziyamenywa ukuba ziboniswe umboniso ozinikezelwe kule ngxenye ebalulekileyo yeenkonzo zentlupheko yanamhlanje. Utshilo malunga nenkqubo yokuguqula umkhumbi, endalwe phakathi kweyesithathu leminyaka BC. E. Esixekweni saseMohenjo-Daro, esasemgangathweni wasePakistan, emanzini aseRoma yakudala, kunye neendlela zokunikezelwa kwamanzi kwiYurophu kunye neRashiya ephakathi. Abakhenkethi baya kufunda ulwazi olunomdla malunga ne-World Toilet Organisation kwaye ngoNovemba 19 kwavakaliswa uMhla woLondolozo lwaMazwe ngamazwe.

"Ngokholo entliziyweni"

Kwiziko lemyuziyam "I-Friedland Gate" (jonga idilesi apha ngasentla) ukuboniswa kweli gama kunikezelwa kubahlali bokuqala abafika eKaliningrad, betshatyalaliswa yi-British aircraft kunye ne-Red Army evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-USSR emva kwemfazwe. Ababhenkethi kwiimyuziyam baya kuboniswa indlela abantu abayibona ngayo isi sixeko esiza kuhlola indawo engaziwayo, kwaye yiziphi iintlobo zeentsapho ezazisondeza nazo. Ukongeza, baya kubona imisebenzi yomculi R. Borisovas kunye neqoqo lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkonzo zaphezulu, eziqulethe iminqamlezo, izipho kunye neempawu.

IiMyuziyamu zaseKaliningrad

Kuloo mzi kukho ezinye izinto ezithakazelisayo eziza kuba lunomdla ukutyelela abakhenkethi. Phakathi kwazo kukho igalari yezobugcisa, "I-FORT N 5", iqoqo leempahla kunye namanqaku avela kweli litye nabanye. Ngendlela, ezininzi zazo zifumaneka kwiinqaba zangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, iZiko le-Art Contemporary Art lafumana isiphephelo kwinqaba yamabutho "iKronprinz", eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-XIX.

Ngoku uyazi apho amasango eFriedland. I-Kaliningrad isixeko esinomlando osisityebi kunye nezinto ezininzi. Xa e tyelela, kubalulekile ukutyelela i-Dzerzhinsky Street 30, ukutyelela umyuziyam ozinikezelwe kwiKoenigsberg endala.