Inkqubo yemfundo Bologna

Ukususela ngo-2003, emva kokuba eRashiya Ukuvuma kwisivumelwano Bologna, Russia ngokubanzi kwaye ngokunzima liqalise i Bologna inkqubo yemfundo. Kwiinzame ukuziqhelanisa imfundo ephakamileyo eRashiya phantsi imigangatho yaseYurophu, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMfundo yazisa inkqubo enamanqanaba-ezimbini efundisa iiyunivesithi: Inqanaba lokuqala - Bachelor, okwesibini - Master. Eyona iingxoxo eziphambili ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo kukuba abafundi Russian ziya kufumana ulwazi kwinqanaba baseYurophu, ngokunjalo ukungenisa imithetho eziqhelekileyo zemfundo ziya kuba nako ukubhalisa isidanga master baze baqhubeke nemfundo yabo kwi European Union.

Le ezintsha iye pluses zayo minuses. Bologna inkqubo yezemfundo iye iintshaba ezininzi, phakathi kwabafundi phakathi kootitshala kunye iirektha eyunivesithi. Ezinye zazo ziye zacebisa ukuba iRussia esiyakulungisa yilebhu West. Kodwa ethile inkulu inokuba ukuba Masters eRashiya ziya kuhlawulwa. Ngokutsho iingqikelelo leengcali oomantyi simahla eRashiya angeke. EYurophu, umzekelo, iindleko zoqeqesho kwinkosi iphuma euro ezintathu ukuya kumawaka amahlanu ngonyaka ngamnye.

Russian Student Union ukholelwa ukuba ukubandezana abafundi ithuba lokufumana uqeqesho simahla kwiiyunivesithi zemastas oko kwaphula uMgaqo Russian kunye nomthetho federal "Kwi ePhakamileyo benezidanga Professional Education" yaye "On imfundo". ERashiya, inkqubo yemfundo Bologna iya kukhokelela oko kuza kwenzeka kushishino nangakumbi emfundo ephakamileyo, enyanisweni, njengoko bathi ezinye iingcali, ukuba utshintsho akagqubuthele ukusuka simahla kwimfundo ihlawulwe.

Bologna inkqubo yemfundo kuqaliswa ngo-1999 e Bologna, apho 29 amazwe aseYurophu zenze isigqibo ekumanyaniseni inkqubo yemfundo ezahlukeneyo kwaye liqalise inkqubo enamanqanaba amabini emfundo ephakamileyo enika abafundi ithuba emva kokufumana isidanga seBachelor akuxhomekekanga kuphela ugqiba Masters kwi engundoqo, kodwa entsimini enxulumene kwaye uzilungiselele ngcono izinto zasemsebenzini. Indlela hlabathi yovavanyo umfundi sele ziphuhlisiwe. Oku kunciphisa inani eziqhelekileyo, izinto okuqala, kwaye ingqwalasela ekufunyanweni izakhono zobungcali. Umgangatho wemfundo ibekwa iliso iparameters ngaphaya nezilawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Ezinye iqela bakholelwa ukuba iiyunivesithi Russian akayi kuba nako ukukhulula kwiminyaka 3-4 leengcali abanezakhono eziphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umgangatho wemfundo ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo i-West, indlela Russian imfundo kufuneka itshintshwe ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo thina ndingenalo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixesha elichithwa umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo ekhaya, uthabathe ingqalelo kuphela ezo iiyure zemfundo, leyo kokuba abaphulaphuli.

Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ayixolisi kakhulu ukuba izifundo ezitshayelela inkqubo isidanga mncinci kakhulu ngexesha kulungiselelwa ingcali, nto leyo inokukhokelela ukuyilwa izikhewu kwiinkalo ezininzi eziziisekondari. Okwangoku, umsantsa phakathi ikharityhulam yesikolo kunye nesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye iba ngaphezulu c yenguqu kwinkqubo Bologna.

E Italy kukho nqanaba oluphakathi phakathi kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo - ikholeji, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuya ekholejini. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba Russia iza kulandela indlela efanayo. Kwakhona kucwangciswe ngaxeshanye kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo Bologna ukwenza izikolo ezineeklasi ephakathi ukuze uqeqesho lwengcali lokuqala abantwana.

Inkqubo yanamhlanje yemfundo Japan kuquka izigaba 5 - sabaqalayo, isikolo samabanga aphantsi, isikolo phakathi amanqanaba amabini - ezisezantsi neziphezulu - kunye neyunivesithi. Inkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo njenge ezimbini nqanaba-- Bachelor kunye Master.

Inkqubo yemfundo yaseJapan inomsebenzisi ekhethekileyo, umzekelo, amaqela kunye neeklasi lotshintsho ngonyaka ngamnye, ngokunjalo ukutshintsha nabasebenzi nokufundisa. Ekupheleni konyaka abafundi iimviwo, ngoko unyaka wesikolo kubo - kuyinto ndimlungiselele. Oku kuchaza ubunzima sityelele iikhosi ezininzi abucala, ngokukodwa abo ukulungiselela ootitshala ekhaya. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba kunye noqeqesho olusisiseko abatsha Japanese aziswa esikolweni.

izimvo Ingcaphephe malunga inguqu kwinkqubo entsha yemfundo zahluke kakhulu. Ngubani na owaziyo impela ...