Indlela enentsingiselo ulwazi womlinganiselo: yonke into ofuna ukuyazi

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ulwazi womlinganiselo, makhe sithethe kwenkcazelo kwaye uya kwenza ngengqiqo, yintoni sisebenzisana.

definition

Ulwazi - le nkcazelo, imiyalezo, ulwazi kuzo zonke iintlobo zawo, iintlobo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isiqulatho yabo. Nokuba ezingento, ebhalwe kwiphetshana nga luthathwe ulwazi. Noko ke, le nkcazelo umthetho Russian federal.

Amaxabiso ilandelayo uyazimela nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe:

• ulwazi izinto, izibakala, iimbono, imilinganiselo, izimvo nokutshintshanisa iincwadi phakathi kwabantu kwimeko ethile;
• ulwazi izibakala, iziganeko, izithethe, izinto, iikhonsepthi ukuba kwimeko ethile linentsingiselo.

Idatha - yinto mizimba uhlobo ntetho, nangona ezinye iitekisi, la magama mabini zingasetyenziswa efanayo.

Indlela yomlinganiselo

Ingcamango lolwazi ichazwa ngokwahlukileyo. Oku kulinganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zilandelayo iindlela eziphambili ulwazi womlinganiselo:

1. Alphabetization.
2. indlela Probabilistic.
3. Indlela enentsingiselo ulwazi womlinganiselo.

Bonke kunxibelelana iinkcazelo ezahlukeneyo yaye sezineentlobo ababhali zabo izimvo malunga data. ndlela Probabilistic yasekwa AN Kolmogorov yaye akazange acinge isifundo transfer data, oko kukuthi, ulinganisa isixa ngaye enoba indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba yokuthumela nokufumana umbandela yakhe. Indlela enentsingiselo inomlinganiselo ulwazi yenziwe yi Shannon, ethathela ingqalelo ngakumbi ezitshintshayo kwaye luhlobo zovandlakanyo ngokubaluleka kwezi data umkhosi. Kodwa makhe sijonge yonke into ukuze.

indlela probabilistic

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, iindlela inomlinganiselo isixa ulwazi yahluke kakhulu. Le ndlela iye yaphuhliswa Shannon ngo-1948. Ihlala isibakala sokuba isixa kweenkcukacha kuxhomekeke kwinani iziganeko kunye namathuba abo. Bala inani iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe kule ndlela kuba le ndlela zilandelayo, apho mna - linani elifunekayo, N - inani iziganeko p _i - yindlela kwesiganeko ngasinye.

zamagama

indlela ngokupheleleyo liqulathwe-ngokwalo ngenxa bokubala imali ulwazi. Akuncedi nto acinge ukuba yabhalwa kumyalezo, kwaye ukunxulumana inani umxholo ebhaliweyo. Ukubala ubungakanani lolwazi kufuneka sazi amandla we-alfabhethi aze isixa lwesicatshulwa. Enyanisweni, amandla ayiphelelanga alfabhethi. Noko ke, iikhompyutha basebenzisa amandla alphabet ngokwaneleyo ezingu-256. Ngoko ke sinako ukubala inani inkcazelo ihambisana njengomfuziselo okubhaliweyo eprintiweyo kwi computer. Ngenxa 256 = 2 ^8, ngesimboli enye yi-8 amasuntswana lwe data.

Bit 1 - Yiyo le ubuncinane, inani ulwazi ebumbene. Ngokutsho Shannon, oko sisixa data kunciphisa ukungaqiniseki ulwazi kabini.

8 amasuntswana = 1 Byte.

1024 bytes = 1 ikhilobhayithi.

1 ikhilobhayithi = 1024 Mb.

babecinga

Njengoko ubona, iindlela inomlinganiselo ulwazi yahluke kakhulu. Kukho nenye indlela ukulinganisa umthamo wayo. It ivumela ukuhlola kuphela ubuninzi kodwa umgangatho. Indlela enentsingiselo inomlinganiselo ulwazi ivumela ukuthathela ingqalelo ukubaluleka data. Kwakhona, le ndlela kuthetha ukuba ixabiso lwedata wangena umyalezo, kumiselwa isixa kolwazi olutsha eziya kufumana abantu.

Xa kuboniswe iifomyula zemathematika, isixa data Ndikulinganise 1bitu kufuneka ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki ulwazi lwabantu ngamaxesha-2. Ngenxa yoko, sisebenzisa le fomyula ilandelayo ukuqinisekisa isixa ulwazi:

X = log ₂ N, apho X - inani data, kunye N - inani iziphumo kunokwenzeka ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, ukusombulula iphazili.

Masithi kufuneka iphiramidi-mbini ezintathu macala omane. Xa uyiphosa phezulu kukho amathuba okuba iya kuwa phezu kwenye kumacala omane. Ngenxa yoko, N = 4 (inani iziphumo equiprobable). Njengoko usazi, ithuba lokuba into lwethu luya kuwa phezu kwenye ubuso, ngoko kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe ukuba flip ingqekembe kwaye silindele ukuba kuvuka buthelezi.

Isigqibo. X = log ₂ N = _{log-2 Apreli} = 2.

Njengoko ubona, isiphumo 2. Kodwa yintoni na lo mzobo? Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, iyunithi ayahlukahlukenanga ubuncinane yomlinganiselo - bit. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuwa sifika amasuntswana 2 ulwazi.

Iindlela ngokomlinganiselo data usetyenziswa computing logarithm. ungasebenzisa ikhaltyhuleyitha okanye itafile ezizodwa logarithm ukuba lula le misebenzi.

umkhuba

Apho uya kufumana luncedo ulwazi olufunyenwe kweli nqaku, ingakumbi iinkcukacha malunga indlela elinentsingiselo inomlinganiselo ulwazi? Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, uviwo kwikhompyutha. Ukuqwalaselwa umba kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa technology computer, ingakumbi ubukhulu kwimemori yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Enyanisweni, lo lwazi inzuzo ngayo musa ukuba, ngaphandle ukuba isayensi. Akukho umqeshi akayi kusinyanzela ukuba ukubala ubungakanani ingcaciso eshicilelweyo kwi uxwebhu, okanye ubhale inkqubo. Ngaba ukuba kweenkqubo, apho kuya kufuneka ukuba ukhankanye Ubungakanani benkumbulo ezabelwe variable.