Imisebenzi kunye nezakhiwo ze kwisisu ngomlomo

Umlomo nayiphi izidalwa eziphilayo - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo biomechanical, ngokumnika ukutya, yaye ngaloo ndlela khona. Xa eziphilayo ephakamileyo, umlomo, okanye, ukuba oko ngendlela yenzululwazi, umlomo, uye umthwalo owongezelelweyo ebalulekileyo - zvukoproiznosheniya. Ubume emlonyeni womntu anzima kakhulu, ukuba baba nefuthe kumsebenzi zonxibelelwano kunye nenani iimpawu enxulumene nophuhliso komzimba womntu.

Ubume kunye nomsebenzi kwisisu ngomlomo

Zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuquka abantu, umlomo lisebe lokuqala kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Oku ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ziqhelekileyo uninzi imisebenzi ekhoyo, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na uhlobo ukunyuka nendalo. Xa abantu, umsantsa ukuba ungavula ngokubanzi. Mouth, siya ubambe okanye ukuthatha ukutya kwaye yibambe phantsi, usile, ukuchama ngokuyintabalala kunye ngamathe, yaye zityhalelwa emphinjeni, enyanisweni, ityhubhu umngxuma apho ukutya n'ekiweebwayo esiswini ngenxa processing. Kodwa ekuqaleni ukwetyisa iqala emlonyeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto zobulumko zamandulo wathi, njani prozhuesh amaxesha amaninzi, uya kudla ubomi iminyaka emininzi.

Umsebenzi wesibini ngomlomo yokubiza izandi. Umntu nje lo mba, kodwa kanga ezidibeneyo. Ngoko ke, isakhiwo kwisisu yomlomo abantu inzima ngaphezu kwabazalwana bethu.

Umsebenzi wesithathu emlonyeni - inxaxheba kule nkqubo nokuphefumla. Kukho imisebenzi yakhe yayiquka kuphela izabelo inani emoyeni engazidluliseli yomoya nini, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, abakwazi ukumelana nale impumlo kunye yinxalenye incoko.

Isakhiwo yokwakheka

Yonke imihla sisebenzisa zonke iindawo emlonyeni, yaye ezinye zazo nokuyicinga ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwinzululwazi isakhiwo concretized abaliqela kwisisu ngomlomo. Photo ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba limela.

Oogqirha kule organ bodwa inamacandelo amabini, ebizwa umbundu emlonyeni kunye kwisisu yayo.

Kwimikhankaso-up iye maqurhu angaphandle (izidlele, imilebe) kunye nabantu abangaphakathi (iintsini, amazinyo). Oko kukuthi, ekungeneni emlonyeni ekuthiwa emqhokrweni wengxondorha ngomlomo.

Umlomo luhlobo lesithuba macala onke amabhunga kuphela kunye nezahlulo zabo. Ezantsi - emazantsi umlomo wethu, encotsheni inkalakahla, ngaphambili - iintsini kunye amazinyo, emva tonsils, lowo umda phakathi emlonyeni nasemqaleni, izidlele yokuxazulula, embindini ulwimi. Onke amalungu angaphakathi emlonyeni zizele inwebu yangaphakathi.

imilebe

Lo mzimba, leyo byi ingqalelo kangaka besini siethe, ukuba silawule oyindoda womelele, enyanisweni, isihlunu bafundelane ngezibini, libe zizibaya zempahla ehlabathini noqhoqhoqho emlonyeni. Xa abantu, ukuba bazibandakanye ukugcina ukutya Asikokungena emlonyeni, ukwakheka isandi kwi intshukumo yobuso. Bekela bucala imilebe ephezulu nesezantsi, ubume esimalunga kuyafana kwaye ibandakanya ezintathu:

- zangaphandle - ifihle keratinizing flat epithelium wakubo.

- eliphakathi - uye maleko eziliqela, ngaphandle apho nayo lophondo. Yena ibhityile kakhulu nengafihliyo. Kulo emithanjeni ngokugqibeleleyo kwawo, nto leyo ebangela iindevu umbala opinki-obomvu. Apho umaleko cutaneous horny iba isifo, kukho ezininzi kwalapho bakwezolimo (amashumi eziliqela amaxesha ezinkulu kuno iingcebiso ngomnwe), kunye imilebe yabantu ngoko ethe kakhulu.

- yangaphakathi, emi emva emlonyeni. It has a lot of imibhobho kwamadlala amathe (labial). It asisibeke epithelium neorogovevayuschy.

lip imazi ibonakalisa singena isifo ye iintsini kunye nokusekwa kweentlanti longitudinal, ebizwa bridles iindevu nengasezantsi.

Umda umlebe ongezantsi nasesilevini na tyaba chin-labial emseleni.

Umda iindevu nezidlele ke emphethweni nasolabial.

Imilebe eqhagamshelwe nye iimbombo emlonyeni azikhuli labial.

izidlele

isakhiwo somlomo iquka uhamba organ, bonke eyaziwa ngokuba ngempama. Zahlula-hlulwe ngasekunene nangasekhohlo, nganye iinxalenye nomphandle wocango. Isikhumba engaphandle ethambileyo wambu zingcakacile, ngaphakathi abadlulayo neorogovevayuschy imazi ibonakalisa kungena isifo le iintsini. Kwakhona nemihlathi kuyo unomzimba otyebileyo. Kwiintsana, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo owanyayo phambili kangaka. Xa abadala, umzimba amanqatha ekuweni kwaye ebuya umva. Xa iyeza ibizwa ngokuba pad namanqatha Bichat. Isiseko izihlunu esidleleni buccal. Glands kwi submucosa ye nemihlathi bit. imibhobho vula kungena kulo isifo.

inkalakahla

Le yinxalenye lweHo- na isahlulelo phakathi kwisisu ngomlomo kunye nempumlo ngokunjalo phakathi impumlo yinxalenye pharynx akuguquki. Kanti umsebenzi akuguquki kuphela ukuyilwa izandi. I ukuhlafuna ngayo inegalelo elikhulu ukususela ezilahlekileyo lubonakaliswa ecacileyo ezibayeni ezinqamlezayo (neentsana zibonakala kakhulu). Ngaphezu koko, inxalenye izixhobo inkalakahla ekwenziweni enika ukuluma. Ukwahlula phakathi ekhuhlangubeni nzima yaye ethambileyo.

On akhawunti 2/3 we okuqinileyo. It ukhandwa macwecwe kwethambo iPalatine kunye neenkqubo ze amathambo maxillary ezinyibilikiswe kunye. Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu akukho Splice, umntwana ezelwe kunye anomaly ekuthiwa inkalakahla emqhokrweni wengxondorha. Ngaloo kwisisu ngeempumlo nangomlomo akukho lahlulwe. Ngaphandle koncedo eyodwa umntwana onjalo afe.

Kwiinwebu ngexesha uphuhliso eqhelekileyo ukuba kukhule ndawonye inkalakahla eliphezulu kwaye ushukume ngokumpuluswa inkalakahla ethambileyo, kwaye phambili ithambo alveolar kwi kwemihlathi yangasentla, akha iintsini eliphezulu.

Xa inkalakahla ethambileyo akhawunti ngenxa 1/3 kuphela, kodwa anefuthe elivakalayo isakhiwo kwisisu ngomlomo pharynx. Enyanisweni, inkalakahla athambileyo - yinto kubutha ethile imazi ibonakalisa, efana amalengalenga sijinga phezu ingcambu kolwimi. Ukuluma emlonyeni, ziphuma kuyo pharynx. Xa iziko le "kwamalengalenga" a otrostochek encinane, ebizwa ulwimi. Kuyanceda ukwakha izandi.

Ukususela "amalengalenga" elintlangothi kubuna isaphetha ngaphambili (palatal-zeelwimi ezininzi) kwaye ngasemva (palatal-pharyngeal). Phakathi kwazo kukho emhadini kwakheka apho beqokelela iiseli zomzimba lymphoid (idlala iPalatine). I-1 cm kuyo ise carotid umthambo.

ulwimi

Lo mzimba lenza imisebenzi emininzi:

- ohlafuna (owanyayo kwiintsana);

- zvukoobrazovatelnuyu;

- amathe;

- niqonda incasa.

Imilo nolwimi yabantu kuchaphazela na isakhiwo kwisisu ngomlomo, kunye nemeko yayo esebenza. Ulwimi ayinabantu ingcambu kunye nomzimba kokuba back (ngohlangothi kwinkalakahla). ulwimi lomzimba leqa emseleni longitudinal, kwaye endaweni ngokunxulumene yayo engcanjini vee ezinqamlezayo. Phantsi ulwimi esibayeni okhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba frenulum. Kufuphi kuyo ibekwe imibhobho kwamadlala amathe.

wakubo epithelium igqubuthelayo ulwimi uxakaxa, ezo incasa receptor wesinye nkovu Ukwakheka. Phezulu, isiphelo kunye icala amashumi ulwimi papillae igqunyiweyo, ngokohlobo fungiform separable, filiform, etsobhileyo, igqabi, iintsika. Xa ingcambu ye papillae ulwimi, kodwa kukho amaqela zeeseli emithanjeni ezakha tonsils zolwimi.

Amazinyo neentsini

La malungu mabini oqhagamshelwano phakathi kuba nempembelelo enkulu kubume oluthile kwisisu ngomlomo. amazinyo bomntu ukuphuhlisa kwi umbungu bakala. A olusana kwemihlathi nganye zoboya 18 (amazinyo milk 10 no-8 lokuzalwa). Bona zimiswe ngokwemigca ezimbini: labial kunye zeelwimi. Ummiselo kuyinto ukuvela amazinyo baby, xa usana yajikayo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya ku-12. Le ubudala xa udidi kwamazinyo umntwana kuwa ngaphandle, ngakumbi wolula - kwiminyaka emi-6 ukuya 12. omdala kufuneka ibe ukusuka amazinyo 28 ukuya 32. nefuthe elibi Bambalwa ngenkqubo ukutya kwaye, ngenxa yoko, phezu iphecana zesisu, njengoko ngamazinyo zidlala indima enkulu ehlafuna ukutya. Ukongeza, ukuba bazibandakanye ilungelo kwemveliso yesandi. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo nayiphi na amazinyo (olukhulu okanye njengamasi) kwaye kuquka ingcambu efanayo, isithsaba kunye wesizalo. I ingcambu i alveolus wamazinyo kwi ekupheleni orifice encinane apho izinyo kuvavanywe imithambo yegazi, kunye luvo. Le ndoda kwasekwa iintlobo-4 kwamazinyo, nganye eneyazo imilo ethile isithsaba:

- bathezi (a bit kunye igawulwa ngaphezulu);

- namazinyo (etsobhileyo);

- premolars (okweqanda, abe umphezulu ihlafuna esincinci dimples amabini);

- iingcambu enkulu (cc ngo 3-5 tubercles).

amazinyo wesibeleko ziyathandwa indawo encinane phakathi isithsaba kweengcambu neentsini ziyafundiswa. Xa ezingundoqo layo, lo gum - nto ngenwebu yangaphakathi. ahlelwe kubandakanya:

- papilla interdental;

- imajini gingival;

- indawo alveolar;

- ezihamba intshungama.

Iintsini Ziqulethe uluhlu epithelium multilayered kunye nembasa.

nesiseko sayo ngqo lo stroma, kuqulethe ezininzi kwimicu collagen abonelela kufanelekile Ukufudumala emazinyweni isifo inkqubo mastication echanekileyo.

Cya

Ubume emlonyeni kwisisu lomlomo ingayi kutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo, ukuba singasathethi ezigidi ezincane, ngethuba nasekusungulweni umlomo bomntu nje indlu, yaye yonke indalo. Umlomo wethu nomtsalane bioform kubulela lincinci ukuya iimpawu zayo ilandelayo:

- esitalini, nagusha, iqondo elilelona;

- ukufuma njalo phezulu;

- bume alkalescent;

- phambi phantse rhoqo kwezondlo ezikhoyo ngokukhululekileyo.

Iintsana zizalwa ehlabathini ukususela iintsholongwane emlonyeni wakho ukuba asuka luzalwa osikwa ngelona xesha lifutshane elinikiweyo, de iintsana zabo. Xa amazwe elizayo lujika ngesantya emangalisayo, yaye emva kwenyanga eziphilayo emlonyeni womntwana, kukho kweshumi eziliqela kunye izigidi zabantu ngabanye. Xa abadala, inani bacterium emlonyeni yahluka ukusuka 160 ukuya-500, yaye inani labo ifikelela ezigidi. Not indima mncinane kule nendima enkulu-isikali isakhiwo zokusonjululwa kwisisu ngomlomo. Kuphela amazinyo (ingakumbi unpeeled kunye nezigulane), yaye phantse uhlala ku Abu zamazinyo eziqulathe izigidi ezincinane.

Phakathi kwezi bacterium ukuxhaphaka, nto leyo inkokheli phakathi streptococci (60%).

Ukongezelela kubo emlonyeni fungi ephilayo (ubukhulu becala Candida) kunye neentsholongwane.

Isakhiwo nomsebenzi isifo ngomlomo

Ngokuchasene kwii-iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu izihlunu ngomlomo ikhusela isifo. Lo ngomnye imisebenzi yayo engundoqo - ngabokuqala ukuthatha wolu iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya.

kwakhona ivale inwebu umlomo nokubhenca kumaqondo obushushu ngokugqithiseleyo, izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwenzakala ngoomatshini.

Ngaphandle yokhuselo, inwebu yangaphakathi owenza omnye umsebenzi ebalulekileyo - secretory.

Ezi mpawu noshowo na isifo zomlomo ezifana ukuba umaleko yayo submucous zilahlwe iiseli glandular. Zakha izihloko ezincinane kwamadlala amathe. Bona eqhubekayo rhoqo moisturize i inwebu yangaphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi zokukhusela.

Kuxhomekeke kumacandelo ogubungele isifo, oko kusenokuba umaleko umphezulu okanye epithelium keratinizing (25%), kunye neorogovevayuschy (60%) kunye exutyiweyo (15%).

epithelium Keratinizing kuhlawulelwa kuphela inkalakahla nzima kunye iintsini, ngenxa yokuba ababandakanyeka ehlafuna kwaye basebenzisane kunye ngamaqhekeza esiluqilima ukutya.

epithelium Neorogovevayuschy iquka nemihlathi, inkalakahla ethambileyo, inkqubo yayo - ulwimi, oko kukuthi, abo emlonyeni, ekufuneka ububhetyebhetye.

Ubume kunye zombini epithelium luquka maleko 4. I ezimbini zokuqala kubo, carcinomas inameva, bobabini.

E ezinawo indawo yesithathu lubaluleke umaleko granular, kunye uphondo yesine (iiseli ngaphandle nuclei kulo phantse akukho igazi).

Xa umaleko wesithathu neorogovevayuschy aphakathi, kunye neyesine - komhlaba. Oku waphawula Ukhuliso kweeseli leukocyte, enokungena umsebenzi sokhuselo yangaphakathi.

Mixed epithelium lugubungela ulwimi.

Indlela emayenziwe ngayo isifo ngomlomo kwezinye izinto:

- Ukungabikho zihlunu plate yakhe.

- Ukungabikho kweendawo ezithile submucosa kwisisu ngomlomo, oko kukuthi, imazi ibonakalisa ubuxoki ngqo kwi izihlunu (apho, umzekelo, ngolwimi), okanye ngqo kwi ithambo (umzekelo, kwi inkalakahla nzima) kwaye ngokuqinileyo spliced ukuba bandise amalaphu Ifunyanwa.

- Ukubakho emithanjeni ezininzi (inika sayingqombela umbala uphawu le inwebu yangaphakathi).

Ubume kwisisu yomlomo abantwana

Ngexesha yobomi yayo isixhobo imizimba yabantu iyahluka. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo kwisisu ngomlomo abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye yahluke kakhulu ukusuka isakhiwo yayo abadala, hayi nje ukungabi amazinyo, njengoko kubonisiwe ngentla apha.

umlomo Primary umbungu abunjwe kwiveki yesibini emva kokukhulelwa. Xa kubelekwa, njengoko wonke umntu uyazi, akukho amazinyo. Kodwa oku akufani kungekho amazinyo kubantu abadala. Inyaniso kukuba em- ngomlomo kweentsana amazinyo zikwimeko kweentsholongwane, yaye, kwangaxeshanye, ubisi, kunye esisigxina. Ngaxa lithile, baya kuvela kumphezulu iintsini. Emlonyeni abalupheleyo ngokwabo alveolnye iinkqubo esele atrophied, oko kukuthi, amazinyo ekungasayi kubuye kubekho injalo. Onke amasebe emlonyeni usana okudalwe ngemvelo ukunika inkqubo owanyayo. umahluko uphawu zinceda ukufaka ingono:

- imilebe Soft kunye kwikhadi ethile labial.

- gqitha kakuhle ephuhliswe umsipha setyhula emlonyeni.

- gingival inwebu kunye nobuninzi inezigingqi.

- ezibayeni ezinqamlezayo ekhuhlangubeni esiqinileyo kucaciswe na.

- Indawo kwemihlathi distal ephantsi (baby ubeka phambili izidlele zayo ezisezantsi, kwaye yenza intshukumo emva naphambili, kungekhona ecaleni okanye isangqa, njengoko ehlafuna).

Inkalo ebalulekileyo abantwana - bakwazi kuginya kwaye ziphefumla ngexesha elifanayo.

Indlela emayenziwe ngayo isifo komlomo ngokunjalo iintsana ukuba abadala. Epithelium kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye iqulathe kuphela maleko carcinomas spinous kunye papillae epithelial ziphuhliswa kakubi kakhulu. Le ekwakheni maleko lobume uxakaxa protein langoku sivela koomama kunye nezifo. Ndandikhula, itakane ulahlekelwa iipropati yayo omzimba. Oku kukwasebenza ukuba nezihlunu emlonyeni. Kamva ke sikhula epithelium, glycogen inkalakahla eqinileyo neentsini lifinyele.

Xa iminyaka emithathu ebantwaneni isifo ngomlomo a iiyantlukwano ecacileyo yengingqi, i-epithelium uba ekwaziyo keratinization. Kodwa tie umaleko imithambo yangaphakathi negazi kufutshane kusafuneka eninzi lweziqalelo cellular. Oku kunegalelo permeability eyandisiweyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imbonakalo herpetic stomatitis.

Kwiminyaka 14 isakhiwo isifo yomlomo olufikisayo lube kakhulu ezahlukene abantu abadala, kodwa imvelaphi hormone utshintsha umzimba zingakotshwa waphawula isifo mucosal: leukopenia wobulali gingivitis obutsha.