Imibutho zemali International, ubuntu babo rhwebo lwehlabathi

Market - ayikho ummiselo kwezoqoqosho kuphela kwimo ethile. Ihlabathi liphela uba ngentsebenziswano esondeleyo amanqwanqwa yezopolitiko, yezentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezinye zobomi. ubudlelwane emali kunye ngetyala phakathi kwamazwe ezimbini Eyona nto inzima kwimarike yehlabathi. Zingasebenza iingxaki zophuhliso lonke uluntu ehlabathini kunye namazwe ngamnye. Kuphuhliso lobudlelwane lwemarike kunye nomthamo owandileyo zemali phakathi kwamazwe. Isiseko ezi ubudlelwane aqulethe amaziko zemali yamazwe ngamazwe.

Bona zenziwe ngokwesivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Injongo ngamaziko afana na ulawulo kunye nolawulo imicimbi yezoqoqosho ingakumbi zemali phakathi kwamazwe ngamnye. Kukwakho amaziko ezinkulu ngamazwe ehlabathini zezimali.

Saqalisa ubudlelwane ngamazwe zemali kunye nokwenzeka kwe-Bank for International Settlements. Kwathi ngowe-1930 e-Basel. Xa intloko eli phulo yaba Bank of Italy, eNgilani, eJapan, Belgium, Germany kunye eziliqela kwiibhanki US ezinkulu. Injongo webhanki enjalo ukuba lula amatyotyombe kunye eJamani kwi amatyala imfazwe kunye nentsebenziswano mali elizayo phakathi kwamazwe amabini.
Ukususela ngo-1979, ibhanki waba umlamleli phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu yaseYurophu inkqubo malini. It lula izibalo enxulumene intengiso imisebenzi yamalahle nensimbi. Iinkonzo ze ibhanki zimalunga 30 amazwe akwingingqi yaseYurophu.

Monetary Fund International, le yenye iintlangano iphambili kolu didi. It sisichazela ngqo kwimisebenzi ye-UN. I-Foundation yasekwa ngo-1944, kodwa ke umsebenzi wakhe kuphela ngo-1947. ofisi Foundation ibekwe e Washington, kodwa ukuba isebe e Paris.

I-IMF yahlulwe yangamacandelo amahlanu: Europe, Asia, eAfrika, eMpuma zifaka Western.

Njengazo zonke ezi imibutho zemali emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe, kuyanceda ukuphucula urhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini, kwamiselwa ubudlelwane emali, ugqalisela amazinga exchange kwaye ulawula inethiwekhi yonke imicimbi yemali. Ukongeza, ingxowa-mali iye ulwabiwo-mali kwiimo ngamnye ukulungelelanisa yokuhlawula amatyala abo.

inkqubo yezimali IMF isekelwe iminikelo yemali eyenziwe amazwe ubulungu balo. Bona kuxhomekeka kumlinganiselo yophuhliso emarikeni kunye noqoqosho zezi States. Lawula abameli fund ukusuka kwilizwe ngalinye kunyaka ngamnye ngabayibuthayo ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki.

Kodwa oku kuphela ngamazwe valyutnofinansovye mbutho.
Enye kwibhanki ekwakhiweni ngokutsha nokuphuhliswa kumazwe ngamazwe eququzelelwe weZizwe eziManyeneyo kwaye lincedisa amazwe kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Inika mboleko kunye credits States abasweleyo. ingeniso Ibhanki ngokuba namajoni angama-mboleko ngemixokelelwane kunye nokulingana.

Njengeziko abangabancedani kumisa kulandela amazwe Amaziko zemali ehlabathini-iklasi: kwinqanaba International Finance Corporation, i-Association for Development and Guarantee Agency Investment. bonke zinceda IBRD.

Kananjalo i-European Union iye amaziko zayo ngamazwe zemali kweli nqanaba.
Ezi ziquka i-European Investment Bank, ebonelela mboleko kuqoqosho umva elo lizwe, ukuphuhlisa isakhiwo imveliso kunye nophuhliso karhulumente.

European Monetary Cooperation Fund ibonelela mboleko kumazwe ukuba yinxalenye ye-European Union ukuze imicimbi lwemali.

I-European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ibonelela ngoncedo ekuqhubeni iinguqu eYurophu, ezo zijolise kuphuhliso lobudlelwane emarikeni.
Njengoko sibonile, imisebenzi kumaziko zemali zeli nqanaba lijonge ukukhuthaza nokuphuhlisa uqoqosho onke amazwe inxaxheba. Imisebenzi ithi ahlukeneyo kuhlangene emarikeni yehlabathi. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukugcina uzinzo kangangoko kwimarike yehlabathi zezimali ehlabathini.