Imbali Uphuhliso computer: Oyena ndoqo.

Imbali Uphuhliso ikhompyutha unxulunyaniswa amagama zezazinzulu abadumileyo eyahamba ngokuzithemba ukuya injongo yayo - ukuba lula inkqubo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu encediswa koomatshini.

Imbali yophuhliso computer. imishini yokubala

Blez Paskal (1623-1662). Iminyaka emininzi, le nzulu entsha izikhokelo ngaphezulu kwe amahlanu oomatshini intanethi, ukuzama ukunceda uyise ingqalelo irhafu. Ngowe-1645 wadala "Pascaline", nto leyo yenza ukudibanisa nokuthabatha.

Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits (1646-1716) ecetywayo umatshini zokubala, koko wathi umatshini kokwengeza. Ayenza yonke imisebenzi arithmetic.

Charlz Bebbidzh (1792-1872) - umatshini wokuqala olawulwa inkqubo-yaba phantse igqityiwe bezibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini: ukubala and print. Ndiya kukubeka phambili ingcamango ixesha elide memory umatshini kunye iprosesa. Isazinzulu Assistant Augusta Ada Lavleys liqulunqe inkqubo yokuqala yehlabathi ye computer.

Imbali yophuhliso computer. iingcamango ezintsha, izinto ezintsha.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - lasungulwa 1888 yi tabulator - ukudibanisa kumatshini kunye utshintsho yombane. Zasetyenziswa xa bekuqulunqwa le amakhadi umthwalo Jaccard.

Ngeminyaka-1900 kwimveliso mass kuquka iikhalityhuleyitha mechanical yaye kamva electromechanical.

Forest - 1906 - ukudaleka electrode emithathu-ezincamathelayo tube (triode). kamva, eli lungu kuya kuba negalelo ekudalweni computer.

UKonrad Tsuze (Germany) wenza, oomatshini, inkcazelo entsha inkqubo 1938 code yokubini. Ngowe-1941 wabonwa ngokusekelwe baphinde electromechanical, egqalwa ikhompyutha yokuqala inkqubo upravlyamym. Yena wenze arithmetic, kuquka lencopho equkuqelayo.

Dzhon Mochli and urhangqo റാപ്പിംഗ് ukurhangqa - ngo-1946 e Pennsylvania yaqulunqa computer yokuqala. Waye igama ENIAC, waba ulawulo oluzenzekelayo ihlelwa.

Dzhon Fon Neyman (1903-1957) - yezibalo ngubani yaqulunqa umgaqo "inkqubo egciniweyo".

1949 - University Cambridge - i IsiNgesi EDSAK omtsha ukuba onke amacandelo iikhompyutha ze-elektroniki.

Imbali yophuhliso computer. I Soviet lokuqala.

Ngowe-1951, kwakukho SECM (umatshini encinane computing elektroniki), nto leyo eye yenziwa zizazinzulu phantsi kobunkokheli Lebedev kwiilebhu kufuphi eKiev. kamva kwemoto, kunye nabanye, neyona ilungileyo apho gqira yayigqalwa ikhompyutha "M-20" (wadala phantsi kobunkokheli SA Lebedev), ababekhonza njengoko imisebenzi amabini amawaka ngomzuzwana.

Imbali ukuvela kweekhompyutha. Ukususela kwisizukulwana ngesizukulwana.

Iikhompyutha besizukulwana sokuqala (iminyaka 50-60 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini). The main element - ithumbu cleaner. umthamo omkhulu (lithathe indawo ka 170 square metres) kunye ubunzima umatshini (30). Nabasunguli bazimisele kwisangqa ye computer amacandelo aphambili: iprosesa, inkumbulo, izixhobo igalelo-output.

Computer isizukulwana yesibini (eyi 60-65 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini). Isiqalelo base - transistors semiconductor. Memory Capacity (iintliziyo ngemagnethi) anda 32, isantya ukwanda izihlandlo ezili-10. Ukunciphisa ubukhulu kunye nobunzima kwezithuthi, ukuthembeka kwabo liye landa. Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, nto leyo yenza ukuba iinkqubo dalneysheesovershenstvovanie kunokwenzeka, iilwimi ezintsha iinkqubo zaye zaphuhliswa ebalulekileyo. Ngeli xesha, wadala IO iprosesa iqala ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokusebenza.

iikhompyutha wesithathu-isizukulwana ((iminyaka 1965-1970) zitshintshiwe transistors isiseko element kwi iziphaluka ezihlanganisiweyo. Kuyaphawuleka zanciphisa ubungakanani iikhompyutha, ixabiso labo. Ngoku ungasebenzisa iinkqubo ezininzi kumatshini enye. -Ukuthatha okhulayo kweenkqubo.

nakwesesine isizukulwana iikhompyutha (1970-1984 biennium) Utshintsho isiseko element -. kwiqhezu omnye amashumi amawaka izinto. Ukwandiswa ebonakalayo kwisiseko somsebenzisi.

Imbali elandelayo kuphuhliso kweekhompyutha kunye ICT enxulumene ukuphuculwa microprocessors, uphuhliso microcomputers ukuba abantu ngabanini. Stiv Voznyak yaqulunqa yokuqala computer ekhaya abaninzi, yaye emva koko - ikhompyutha lokuqala.