Iitanki zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ziMerika. Iitanki zakha njani kwaye zibukeka njani ngoku?

Nangona ukuba iArmed Army kunye nabantu baseSoviet bathatha ukuhlaselwa kweempi ze-Wehrmacht, ama-allied American akwazi ukulwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kubo, loo mfazwe (ukuze i-blockbusters yakamuva ingathethi ngayo) iqhutywe ikakhulu kwi-Pacific.

Kwimiba emininzi, ukuphula ukuxhatshazwa kweJapan, kunye neetanki zeMfazwe yeSizwe yesiBili zancedisa ukuba bafumane imali ekubolekiseni imali. Iimoto zaseMelika azidumi kakhulu, kodwa ezinye zazo zazingekho ezimbi.

Amathangi okukhanya

Ngenxa yokuba unjineli oyingqungquthela u-Christy wayenguMerika nje, ungamangaliswa ubuninzi beetanki zokukhanya eMelika. Ekubeni kwakukho ezine, kungabalwa inani elifanelekileyo lokuguqulwa kweendlela ezininzi.

M3 "Stewart"

Ezi tanki zokukhanya zaseMerika zadalwa ngowe-1940, kwaye njengesiseko, "amahhashi" iM1 kunye netanki elikhanyayo iM2A4 lisetyenziswe. Ubume beklasikiyo: i-MTO yayisemva kwe-hull, igumbi lokulwa kunye nokulawula kwakuphakathi kweemoto, abaqhubi be-drive bafumaneka kwimpumlo.

Kwisixhobo sokusebenza, isisombululo esiqhelekileyo saseMelika sisetyenziswe kweso sithuba: ezine iincinci ezincinci zengxowanqe kwicala ngalinye, kwakunye nevili ezikhokelayo eziqiniswe ngamanzi anamandla. Umzimba kunye nenqaba yayenziwe ngeenqwelo zeziqhelo zesiqhelo ngokususa kunye nokukhwabanisa. Amandla - amahlanu "I-Browning" 7.62 mm kunye nompu we-37 mm.

Ukuguqulwa kokugqibela, iM3A3, kukhutshwa ngowe-1942. Esikhundleni semiguqo emihlanu yemipu, kwaphela ezintathu kuphela. Ekuveleni kwalo mzekelo, ukuxiliswa kwakusetyenziswe ngokubanzi, izikhwama zempahla zenziwe nge-slope. Kucingelwa ukuba yile tanki enkulu yokukhanya kwihlabathi lonke, kuba kwiminyaka embalwa nje kwiminyaka engama-24 yeemoto zaveliswa. Uninzi lwe "Stuarts" lunikezelwa kwi-USSR kwi-Lend-Rental. Kwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika, "amadoda amadala" angabonwa kwiinqanaba ukuya kwii-90 zekhulu lama-20.

M5 "Stewart"

Imela ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kweengcamango ezibekwe kwi-M3A3. Ngokomgaqo-siseko, le yesebe laseMerika ngokubanzi lifana kakhulu, kuba iinjineli zazama ukusebenzisa izisombululo kuphela (ukuveliswa kwemveliso). Iimbambano yayisesigxina esingama-37 mm kunye neyesithathu "Browning" 7.62 mm. Ngelo xesha isibhamu sasixhotyiswe ngesigxina somgca wokujolisa.

Iitanki zahluke kwixesha elidlulileyo kwizityalo ezintsha ezisisiseko, ezimelelwe ngeenjini ezimbini ze-petroli ezifakela ukupholisa amanzi, ukuyila ngokutsha ngokubanzi kwinqaba kunye nenqaba yokulawula.

M22 "Inkumbi"

Ngomnyaka we-1944, ngenxa yeso sidingo esinzima sokuqhuba iiyunithi kwiinqwelo zayo zokulwa, i-M22 Locust yasungulwa kwaye yamkelwa. Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo, ezi tanki zokukhanya zaseMelika azifani nezeM3. Uluhlu lwaluhlala lufana ngokufanayo: ukuhanjiswa, ukuhamba kunye nabaqhubi be-drive bahamba phambili kwinqanawa, igumbi labadlali phakathi, kunye neenjini zazifumaneka emva.

Ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwakuyiyo kuphela uyilo lwesityalo, njengoko yayisebenzisa injini ye-carbretor injini ezintandathu, okugqithiseleyo apho kwakukho ilungiselelo elincinci lamasilinda. Oku kwenza ukuba itanki lonke lidibanise ngakumbi, linciphise i-silhouette kunye nobukhulu bayo. Umpu wahlala ufana. Ilungiselelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwabaxhasi bafumana ifa leM3. Amasondo ahambayo kuphela ayenziwa kakhulu, kunye nemithombo engcono.

M24 "Chaffee"

La matanki aseMerika weMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yaqala ukuveliswa ngowe-1944. Ngenxa yokuqwalasela kwakhona indima yamathangi okukhanya asetyenziswa ngokukodwa njengokwamkelwa kunye nokufika. Babenendima ezininzi kunye neengxenye ezivela kwi-M3 kunye ne-M5 (ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi kunye nebhokisi lebhodi yebhodi yeboyari) yayimboleke ngokupheleleyo), kodwa kwifom yabo kunye neenqwelo zamatye zahluke ngokugqithiseleyo kubo bonke abandulele. I-hull kunye nenqaba yayigciniwe kuphela. Iingqapheli zezixhobo zempahla zifumaneka kuma-angles aphantsi kakhulu.

Kwiphepha eliphezulu kunye nesondlo, iinqwelo ezininzi zenziwe ukuququzelela ubomi beendawo zokulungisa. Ngeli xesha, sele sele isetyenzisiwe ezintlanu zombini kunye nabaxhasi bamanye. Isixhobo esiyinhloko sasinamandla amakhulu angama-75 mm. Kwaye kwakunesi-gun esingu-7.62 mm ngompu. Omnye umpu womatshini ofanayo wawufakwe kwicala eliphambili leTanki. Ngethuba lokuqala, isibhamu se-Brown esingu-12.7 mm se-Browning M2NV sasibekwe phezu kophahla. Ukudubula i-cannon kwakuchanileyo, sasebenzisa ukuzinza kwe-hydraulic ye-Westinghouse system.

Amathangi aphakathi

Babenokwethenjelwa ngakumbi, iitanki ezithandwe kangcono zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Iimoto zaseMerika zale nqanaba zenza igama ngendleko "uSherman", eyayithandwa ngamajoni ethu. Njengoko amaqhawe awalwa kwixhobo zokusebenza ezidibeneyo, yayiyi-T-34 kwinguqulelo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nezinto zonke.

M3 "Nika"

Yaba yinqanaba lokuqala lokuqala elingaphakathi lokungena kwi-arsenal. Ngokuqhelekileyo iM3 Grant idityaniswa neM3 Stuart. Ewe, ezi tanks zaseMelika (isithombe esicatshulwa kwinqaku) sinezigaba ezihluke ngokupheleleyo. Into ebalulekileyo yayiyinqanaba elithathu (!) Indawo yezixhobo. Kwi-sponson, kwi-tier ephantsi, i-cannon engama-75 mm ifakwe ngecala eliqhelekileyo lama-degrees angama-32.

Kwinqanaba lesibini kukho i-turret kunye ne-37 mm iteknoni kunye nompu womatshini wekhosi. Icandelo lesithathu limelelwe elinye i-turret kunye nompu womshini, apho kwakunokwenzeka ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo imigqaliselo yomhlaba kunye nomoya. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphuhliswa kwamathangi aseMelika (kunye namaSoviet esikhathini esidlulileyo) kwakuye kwindlela yokwandisa inani leenqaba, kodwa esi sikhokelo saziwa ngokukhawuleza njengento engalunganga.

Ukuguqula i-turret nge-37 mm ye-cannon, kungekhona nje umatshini kodwa kunye ne-drive ye-hydraulic ingasetyenziswa. Ngokwenene, isibhamu saholwa sisetyenzisiwe kuphela. Izixhobo ze-telescopic, izixhobo zokuqwalasela zenziwe kwiplani ye-prismatic. Ngethuba lokwakha inkqubo, ukukhangela, ukunyusa kunye nokukhwabanisa kwakusetyenziswa. Inqaba, i-sponson kunye naso sonke isahlulo sangaphambili saphoswa.

Ngenxa yoko, la matanki aseMelika wehlabathi lesi-2 aphendulekanga kakhulu: izixhobo ezibuthathaka kakhulu, ukuphakama kakhulu, indawo ephumelelayo yezixhobo, iimpawu eziphantsi zeenjini zenkwenkwezi (ezazisweleka njalo).

Nangona ixabiso elikhulu leempahla, ukutsha kwamanzi kwiimeko ezibonakalayo kubonakala kuncinci. Ubunzima, imoto yayifana ne-German "Tigers", kodwa ukuphumelela kokulwa kwakusezantsi kwitanki.

Nangona kunjalo, itanki yayisakhutshwa ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngo-1939 ukuya ku-1942, de ibe yatshintshwa ngokutsha yi-M4-iitanki eziphumeleleyo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Imoto yaseMelika yesi sizukulwana yayingcono kakhulu.

M4 "uSherman"

I-tank enkulu ephakathi kwamanzi aseMelika, exhobile njengamaMerika, kunye neBritish kunye ne-Red Army. Umva wokugqibela wahamba ngokukrazula. Uhlobo oluhlukileyo kunye nenkqubo yezixhobo ezivela kumatshini odlulileyo. Ubume kunye noyilo lwesityalo kunye nokumiswa kwamakhulu kakhulu kwahlala kunjalo, njengoko kwimeko yemfazwe kwakufuneka ukuba kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu lokuvelisa ngokubanzi. Mhlawumbi kwakuyiyona itanki engcono kakhulu yaseMerika.

I-chassis ikopishwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-M3. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweentlobo zokuqala, iipods zokumiswa zihlala ziguqulwa kakhulu: ngaloo ndlela, abaxhasi abaxhasayo babekwe kwi-back. Izibheno zenziwa nge-welding kunye / okanye ukukhangela. Icandelo eliphambili lahlanganiswa ukusuka kumatshini adibeneyo kunye nee-cast cast in the welding, kwaye umpu we-75 mm umlinganiso wawufakwe kwinqaba, eyenziwa kuphela ngokuphonsa.

Okokuqala, ezi tanks zaseMelika (isithombe esentla) zazixhotyiswe ngeenjini zelizwekazi kunye nokupholisa umoya, kodwa zagqitywa yinkampani yezobuchwephesha, ngoko ke ama-America ayehlala efuna ukujonga ezinye iintlobo zeenjini. Ngenxa yoko, inani lokuguqulwa kwee-serial landa kakhulu. I-M4 "uSherman" ifuna abasebenzi abahlanu. Phakathi kwamathambo asekhaya awalwela "le moto yangaphandle", itanki yafumana ukuhlolwa okulungileyo.

I-Tankmen, ngokukhethekileyo, yayithanda ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi kwekhwalithi kunye nesitokethi seemveliso (kunye ne-whisky kunye ne-cigarettes emihle), eyayipakishwe kwimoto njengesipho. Abantu abaninzi baye basindiswa ngeso sikrweqe, esingafaniyo xa sithengiswa, ngaloo ndlela sikhusela abasebenzi kwiinqununu ezivela kwisikali.

Amathangi amakhulu

Okumangalisa kukuba, abaninzi abembali-mlando bezempi bakholelwa ukuba amathangi amakhulu aseMelika ayengekho. Efanayo "Pershing", eyayithathwa njengetanki elinzima, ubunzima bephantsi kakhulu kwiJamani "Tiger". Nangona kunjalo, sasiye malunga nemeko efanayo. Inqaku lilula - i-Wehrmacht ekhethiweyo yezixhobo ngokubhaliweyo, kwaye thina kunye namaMerika - ngobunzima bayo.

T6

Umbandela wawuncinci kwinqaku elincinci ngo-1941 no-1942. Kwangoko kanye ezimbini izibhamu zisezinkonzweni: i-76.2 mm kunye ne-37 mm zithandane zithandana. Ukongezelela, kwaxhotyiswa ngamashishini amathathu omkhulu. Kwi-chassis, iimbini ezine zombini ezincinci zazisetyenziselwa kanye.

Kwakukho ukuguqulwa kwamathathu, kwindawo yokuqala apho umzimba wenziwa ngokukhipha, ngoxa kamva batshintshela kuphela kwi-welding ephezulu, eyahlula zonke iitanks zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Iimoto zaseMerika kule ndawo ziphakamileyo kakhulu kwiinqwelo ezikhuselekileyo zasekhaya.

Amandla okuthunyelwa kwamashishini ama-hydromechanical kunye nombane asetyenziswa. Inqaba yakhiwa kuphela ngokukhangela. Ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yepilisi engabonakaliyo kwaye engaqinisekiyo, i-back of the tower ibonelelwe kakhulu. I-turret ye-turret yanikezelwa, kunye nentaba yokukhupha umpu we-anti-aircraft.

Kwiintetho, inomathotholo esemgangathweni esemgangathweni kunye ne- intercom yangaphakathi yasetyenziselwa, yenziwe ngokwayo. Ngokubanzi, ukuyila kwakucacile ngokucacileyo: ingalo yelo tank yayingenamandla, iinqwelo zincinci, kwaye ukuphakama kwakukhulu kakhulu. Yingakho iiyunithi ezingama-40 kuphela zezixhobo ezitsha zaveliswa, kwaye i-M26 yayisetyenziselwa "oomatshini".

Itanki M26 "Ukunyamezela"

Amathangi aseMerika weMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yamkelwa ngowe-1944. Ekuqaleni kwakukho kwiklasi yamathangi anezintlu (kuzo zonke iindawo zokulahlekelwa yinkqubo yaseJamani kule klasi), kodwa ngenxa yezixhobo ezingenakulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza "zachithwa" phakathi. Babenobunzima beetoni ezingama-41.5. Umzimba we-welded, uqokelelwe kwi-castings kunye neengxenye ezigqityiweyo. Umgca ufana nomgcini. Icandelo langaphambili lomzimba lenziwe ngokukhonywa, linomthamo ocacileyo weendawo. Inqaba ine-shape elongeleyo, i-turret's turret kunye nentaba ye-anti-aircraft "Browning" inikwe.

Ngokuphathelele ukuhamba ngaphantsi komzimba, ukukhishwa kwesikhumbuzo kunye nokuxhaswa kweesithandathu. Kwakuyimpahla yokusebenza eyenziwa ngamatankani kakhulu, kuba yayinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Injini - i-petroli ye-eight-cylinder "Ford", ebhekiswe kuhlobo lweGAF-V. Ukukhupha amanzi, ukuhanjiswa kwe-hydromechanical. Yanikezela itanki ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhawuleza kunye nokugqwesa ukuhamba kakuhle.

Isixhobo esiyinhloko ngumpu we-M3 we-M3, apho i -projectile ye-armor - piercing projectile yanyuka ngesivinini se-810 m / s. Ukongezelela, ixhotywe ngebhanki yamashishini angama-7.62 mm, enye yeyona nto yayiyiyo, idibene nesibhamu. I-127 mm ibhasi yomshini wokulwa neenqwelo-moya yafakwa kwinqaba. Wayephethe i-quadrant-goniometer, eyavumela ukuqhuma ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo. I-M26 inexesha lokuthatha inxaxheba kwisigaba sokugqibela seMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Phantse iikhilomitha nesiqingatha iimoto zenziwe.

Imeko yamanje

Amathangi anamhlanje aseMerika awafani naso nabaphambili. Uphuhliso lwazo lwachaphazela kakhulu iingcali zeJamani. I-"Abrams" yangoku iphezulu iprofayili ephezulu, iinqwelo ezinkulu kunye nenani elikhulu le-zabornevogo. Ngokungafani neenkibanki zehlabathi lesiBini, kunamafomu anesigxina kunye nesigqeba esinamandla, isiseko salo sikhombisi esingama-120 mm. Uhlobo oluphambili lwabaqalayo luyilo lokumiswa kweklasi kunye ne- injini yerhasi.

Ngaloo ndlela, amathangi anamhlanje aseMerika afana nje nalabo abandulele ngaphambili.