Iinkalo ezithandekayo malunga neeplanethi zesistim somhlaba

Namhlanje, i-astronomy ayithandayo kuphela abantwana besikolo. Izinto ezifumeneyo ezandisa ulwazi lwethu lwezendalo, zenza umdla kubantu abadala. Iinkalo ezithandayo malunga neeplanethi zifakwa kumaphephancwadi athandwayo. Kwaye akumangalisi oku, kuba ukufumaneka kweziphumo zokufunda izinto zendawo kukhulisa inani labantu abanomdla ofuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nendawo enkulu yendalo yonke. Ngezantsi ziyimimiselo yezinto ezimangalisayo ezihambelana nesistim somhlaba.

Ukwahlula

Zonke iiplanethi ezijikelezayo kwiintambo ezijikeleze inkwenkwezi yethu zihlukaniswe zibe zimbini iintlobo: ezo zeqela lehlabathi kunye nezigesi zegesi. Ahluke ngokubunjwa, ubukhulu kunye nezinye iimpawu. Iqela lasemhlabeni liquka indlu yethu, kunye neMercury, Venus kunye neMars. Ngokona nxalenye enkulu, la maplanethi ayenziwe ngama-silicates kunye nezitye. Ubukhulu bezidumbu ze- cosmic bubuncinci ukuya kumlinganiselo weegesi zegesi, njengoko kunokubonakala kwigama. Ezi zilandelayo ziquka iJupiter, iSaturn, iUranus ne-Neptune. Izinto ezisisiseko ekubunjweni kwazo zi-hydrogen kunye ne-helium. I-Pluto ngoku iyanqatshelwe isimo seplanethi kwaye iphakathi kwezinto ze-Kuiper ibhanti - ubungqina bombutho wesimo selanga, esisekwithuba laseNeptune.

Umgangatho ophezulu

Amaqiniso anomdla alindele kuzo zonke iinyathelo ekufundeni ulwazi kwiigesi ezinkulu. Uninzi luyaziwa ngeeplanethi ezinkulu, kwaye yonke into iyamangalisa kwindawo yokuqala kuba igxininisa umda omkhulu phakathi kwabo kunye noMhlaba.

Unokuqala ngento yokuba kule maplanethi ayikho indawo engqondweni yesiqhelo kuthi. Ubu bunzima apha buphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba akukho nto ecacileyo phakathi kwemoya, ingubo kunye nengundoqo. Umda womda wezenzululwazi unqunywe ubuninzi beengcinezelo: yilapho inqanaba lomgca omnye lusekwe. Enyanisweni, kule ndawo, nangaphantsi, kukho umxube wegesi.

Nkosi yezilwandle

Iinkalo ezithandayo malunga neeplanethi yeNeptune zichaza isizathu sokuba unikwe igama elinjalo. Umbala womzimba we-cosmic uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umthunzi omhle wenziwa ngenxa yeepropati zamafu e-methane e-atmosphem ye-giant: zithatha ukukhanya okubomvu-orange. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhetho lokugqibela lwegama lusetyenziswe phambili, kodwa igama loothixo wolwandle waseRoma lwalusemva kwaloo mzamo yomnye wabafumanisi belizwe u-Urbena Laverie kunye nomlawuli we-laboratory ye-Pulkovo uN. Ya.

Neptune, njengazo zonke iigesi ezinkulu, zinama-satellites. Inkulu kunazo zonke, i-Triton, iyamangalisa akukho ngaphantsi kwegesi enkulu, nangona ephantsi kobukhulu. I-satellite iyajikeleza kwisalathiso esichasene nesiphakamiso seNeptune malunga ne-axis, inomoya. Emhlabeni, mhlawumbi kukho iirhasi zokusebenza. E-Triton inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-landscape yenziwa ngumkhenkce: i-methane, i-ammonia kunye namanzi. Okukugqibela, kwiqondo eliphantsi lokushisa kwe-satellites, luba lukhuni njengelitye kunye neentlobo ezipheleleyo zeentaba.

Iplanethi efriziwe

Uranus, kunye neNeptune, iphakathi kwamaqhwa e-ice, njengoko, njengeTriton, iqulethe inani elikhulu lezingqungquthela eziqhotyoshelweyo. Yenza igalelo elikhulu kwiinyani ezithandayo. Uranus yayiyinto yokuqala yokufumanisa emva kokuveliswa kwe-telescope. Ngenxa yokufumanisa kwakhe, ingcamango yesakhiwo selanga esasikhona ukususela kwangexesha elidlulileyo latshintshwa. Ngoko, into enomdla malunga ne-Uranus iplanethi:

• Igesi elikhulu lijikeleza i-axis kwinqanaba elingaqhelekanga: ukusuka empuma ukuya entshonalanga. Le nto ngaphandle kwale nkqubo yelanga iVenus kuphela.

• Inqwelo ye-equator yeplanethi ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwi-axis of rotation. I-angle phakathi kwabo ingaphezu kwama-90º, ngoko u-Uranus uphenduka, njengombhobho ojikelezayo phantsi. Iiplanethi eziseleyo zifana kakhulu ngale ndlela kuya phezulu.

• Njengazo zonke iigesi ezinkulu, Uranus ujikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Ngomnye umjikelo udinga iiyure ezili-17.

• Ihlabathi linama-satellites angama-27, onke amagama aqanjwa emva koobalingiswa bakaShakespeare kunye noPapa.

Iyokuqala phakathi kokulinganayo

Iinyani ezinomdla malunga neeplanethi ezinkulu iSaturn kunye neJupiter nazo ziyaziwa ngamanani amaninzi, njengoko zifundwa kakuhle kwiimpawu ezinkulu ze-cosmic. I-Jupiter ngobuninzi bugqithise uMhlaba ngamaxesha angama-318. Into eyaziwayo kakhulu yindawo enkulu ebomvu, ibonwa ukususela phakathi kwekhulu le-17 leminyaka. Ngokwenzululwazi, eli likhulu leqhwithi-anticyclone. Ngexesha elipheleleyo, xa liyabonwa, le ndawo iyona i-pales, ngoko ibuye iphinde ibuye. Oku kubangelwa ukuxabana okuqhubekayo kweziphephelo kwi-Jupiter.

I-Saturn idume ngokuba yinkqubo yayo yamacenge. Ngendlela, banayo yonke into enkulu, kodwa nguSaturn enokukhanya. Kananjalo unesinye isici - i-hexagon eyenziwe ngamafu emoyeni. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kuhamba nge-vortex ebonakalayo ngenxa yesantya kwisantya sokunyuswa kweplanethi kunye namacangci ayo. Ukuphela, nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwemfundo aluqondakali.

Imimangaliso kwiqela lomhlaba

Inyaniso enomdla malunga neeplanethi kufuphi neyethu ihluke kakhulu kwiingxelo zegesi ezinkulu ngenxa yempawu ezahlukileyo. Ngelo xesha, kukho ixesha elifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, uVenus, njengo-Uranus, ujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kweeyure. Ilanga liphuma apha ngasentshonalanga. Kodwa ekujikelezweni kwinqanaba leplanethi elidaka ixesha lichitha ixesha elide: ubude bemihla budlula ubude bonyaka. Kodwa inyaniso enomdla malunga nomhlaba weVenus ayiphelelwa yile:

• Ingabonwa ngesohlunu ngokuphindwe kabini, kusasa nangokuhlwa, emva kweNyanga kunye neLanga yinto eqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni;
• Umhlaba womhlaba ufihlakele ekubonweni ngamafu amnyama angavumeli ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ngoko ke, ingakumbi idatha yeVenus ifumaneka usebenzisa iindlela ze-radar;
• Ukushisa kwiplanethi kufinyelela kuma-480ºC kwaye ihlala ingatshintshiyo yonke unyaka;
• Umxholo ophezulu we-carbon dioxide e-atmospheric yenza i-greenhouse effect kuVenus.

Ummelwane Olubomvu

Izifundo zezona zifuphi kakhulu kuMhlaba wezendalo zihlala zongeza iinkcukacha ezithandekayo malunga nomhlaba iMarta. Ukulifunda ngandlela-thile yaqala nangaphambili kunethuba lokuthumela umkhwa wokuqala: kwiMhlaba amaninzi amaninzi afika evela eMars afunyanwa. Iplanethi iyalungisa igama layo kungekhona nje ngombala, kodwa nangenxa yeziphepho eziqinileyo zothuli. Zihlala zinyanga eziliqela kwaye zikhusele, njengemfazwe yehlabathi, umhlaba wonke.

I-Mars nayo idume kakhulu entabeni ephakamileyo kwi-system. Kwabizwa ngokuba yiOlimus. Iphakama ngaphezu komhlaba ngaphezu kwama-20 km.

Ikhaya

Kuya kubakho ukungalunganga, ukubeka uluhlu lwezinto ezinomdla malunga neeplanethi, ukweqa umhlaba. Iimpawu zalo azibandakanyi nje ubomi kunye neendawo ezinkulu zamanzi kwindawo. Le yiplanethi yodwa egama layo alihambelani naluphi na unkulunkulu ongumRoma okanye ongumGrike. Inyanga - inyanga - iyona inkulu kunazo zonke izihlobo zeeplanethi zasemhlabeni.

Amava amaninzi anomdla malunga nePlanethi ngamanye amaxesha ayaziwa nakubantu balo. Ngokomzekelo, ubunzima bomntu buxhomekeke kwindawo yalo: landa kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kweLwandle lwasePacific kwaye luyehla kwizantsi laseIndiya. Ukwahlula okunjalo ngenye yeemfihlelo zeplanethi.

Imoya yoMhlaba ikhusela ubomi kuyo kwimiphumo ye-ultraviolet ne-solar wind. Igobolondo yegesi isisindisa kwaye ukusuka ekuwa kweemeteorites ezininzi: ziyashisa kwiindawo eziphezulu, ngaphandle kokulimaza. Kule meko, malunga neetoni ezili-100 zothuli lwe-cosmic, eyakhiwe ngenxa yeentlanzi ze-asteroids kunye ne-meteorites, iwela phezu kwe-Blue Planet imihla ngemihla.

Nangona kunjalo, into ephawulekayo yomhlaba kukuba ubomi emva koko. Ukufundwa kweenkcukacha ezininzi ezenzululwazi eziqokelelwe ngeNdalo kunceda ukuqonda indlela enokuthi siyakho. Izithuba ezinkulu zezinto ezinzulu zihlala zingenasiphelo, ithemba lokuba kwindawo ethile ekude, mhlawumbi ngaphaya kwemitha, kukho enye impucuko, incinci kakhulu. Umnqweno wokufumana ubomi kwezinye iiplanethi kunye nomntu onzulu wedwa (ubuntu kwindalo yonke) ngenye yezinto ezenza ukuba izazinkanyezi ziqokelele iinkcukacha ezintsha, zithumele i-spacecraft, kwaye zenze izimo ezingekho kwibalabhoratri.