Iimpawu yehlabathi lanamhlanje. Iimpawu zonxibelelwano kutshanje

Ekuqaleni kwincoko ezinokuchaphazela nokuba kancinci iimpawu zehlabathi wanamhla, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza isigama. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ncakasana ukusuka kwenye nenye indlela yemveliso zongxowankulu: capitalism engundoqo (ortokapitalizm, ukusuka Greek - a bokwenene, ngqo) capitalism neuropathy (parakapitalizm, ukusuka Greek - malunga). Iziseko Socio-economic ziyahluka ngokufanelekileyo: ortokapitalisticheskaya kunye parakapitalisticheskaya.

World indawo yomlando

Isahlulo kwendawo yehlabathi zembali esezantsi ethathe imilo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Imida ababangela efanayo nenkqubo yobungxowankulu ngamazwe ngokwahlula phakathi amabini aphikisanayo ehlabathini zembali: omnye wabo - inkqubo Western ortokapitalisticheskaya yehlabathi, enye - kwimida yelo lizwe, apho kwakukho parakapitalizm.

Emva kumda wesangqa uphuhliso hlabathi lanamhlanje mihla, iRashiya iye ingene abasebenzi kwinkqubo oxhomekeke kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kade, kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi, nto leyo kwakheka parakapitalizm.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ihlabathi lanamhlanje - yinkqubo kufakwe jikelele jikelele. Ukudalwa inkqubo yehlabathi eziphilayo yimbali eluntwini - kule jikelele. A sociohistorical jikelele kudala umzimba owodwa. Izinga le nkqubo - ngokupheleleyo lonke uluntu.

umzimba Socio-imbali, sibona ngoku ukuzalwa nto eklasini, kuba kukho into kwahlukahlukana. iziko Ortokapitalichtichesky, axhaphaza kwimida - amazwe aseNtshona. Peripherals ezisetyenziswa - liphela. Iimpawu ze uphuhliso yehlabathi lanamhlanje ngokupheleleyo kuxhomekeka iimpawu iinkqubo zale uphuphu. It is a imfazwe yodidi lwehlabathi sibona ngalo mzuzu.

Ukuzimela sisongelwa

Isixhobo efanayo nabalawulayo na izixhobo karhulumente womhlaba, lisibeka kusekwe kwaye engaphephekiyo. Ukukhonya kweziko osentshona ukuhluthwa ukuzimela kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho yokwenene zonke izinto sociohistorical kwimiphetho - ingakumbi ihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Jikelele ithetha ukuba xa amazwe Koloni ziya kuphulukana ithuba zokuqhuba eli lonke, babengayi Zichitheni kuphele ongxowankulu. Ziya kuba mbini. Ukuba zombini iintlobo capitalism - kunye esembindini neuropathy - ufe, kuza ixesha ukwakha uluntu bohluke uhlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Mhlawumbi kuya kuba uluntu ngaphandle ipropati yabucala yaye nasekuxhatshazweni kwabantu omnye komnye. Mhlawumbi kuya kuba single - ngaphandle ngokwahlula liziko kunye kwimida ethile. Loo ithuba lweziganeko ukuqikelelwa ngokuhlaziya iinkqubo zophuhliso kunye neempawu yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

Jikelele: Imiba jikelele

inkqubo wezangaphandle luphawulwa utshintsho olukhulu Ekuveleni XX-xxi iinkulungwane. Jikelele wenzeke njenge nesenzeko ezintsonkothileyo geo-kwezoqoqosho, politiko kwakunye geogumanitarnyh kunye nempembelelo enamandla kubomi kwamazwe inxaxheba kule nkqubo. Utshintsho olwenzekayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu: zentlalo, uqoqosho, ideology, ezopolitiko, inkcubeko, okusingqongileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila.

Point of view kwi into eyenzekayo kwaye kabukhali ngcembe jikelele, ingacaci, nkqu iphambene. Abanye bona ingxaki enkulu kwinkqubo yoqoqosho yehlabathi, ngoxa abanye phambili inkqubela yoqoqosho kunye kwabaxhamla lulonke uluntu, yaye indlela le kuthiwa jikelele.

Jikelele uguqula isithuba kunye nexesha nokuhlalisana kwabantu. I sithuba zixinaniswe, ixesha licinezelwe, imida, zombini geographical kunye inter-karhulumente, iba ngaphaya. Umntu ngamnye uvakalelwa kukuba akukho kude indawo yakhe, kwanokuba kwelinye ikhweyitha le planethi.

Okunye malunga ngembali kweekota ingqikelelo

yezoqoqosho American Theodore Levitt ngo-1983 elitsha elithi "jikelele" kwi inkcazelo ngokudibana urhwebo lwemveliso ze TNCs (abekwa iinkampani). Ukuvela eli gama efakwe kwi ngezentlalo American uRichard Robinson.

Noko ke, le nkcazelo eyamkelekileyo olunye mba jikelele emalunga nenzululwazi ihlabathi namhlanje alikafiki yaphuhliswa. Ukusekwa onombono esichazayo okanye efanayo.

Uphuhliso kurhwebo lwehlabathi yenza ubuzwe kwezoqoqosho ingamampunge. Nangona kungalindelekanga kutyhilwa ntoni kwihlabathi na nokuba yintoni na iimpawu zehlabathi lanamhlanje ukuba itshintshwe phambili wayo: Ukwenza le spontaneity okanye ezizenzekelayo, yaye mhlawumbi - umbutho, focus uze onke amazwe ukuba umgangatho othile.

Emazweni kuqoqosho

Okokuqala, jikelele - inqanaba eliphezulu kokuxhomekeka zonke kwezolimo. Okwesibini - ukukhula imveliso kunye nokhuphiswano eliphezulu ngeendleko lokukhula kwizinto umthamo ulwazi kunye nomgangatho ulwazi, ngokunjalo nophuhliso lobugcisa.

Oko kukuthi, kunye nenkqubo ngokudibana anoqoqosho yesizwe kwinkqubo lwehlabathi, inkqubo yelizwe jikelele - na ukuvela koluntu njengento isakhiwo ezifunekayo. Ukutolikwa yesithathu yekota - indlela kuhlaziyo ukuze ihlabathi.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amanqwanqwa kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nenkcubeko kumazwe ahlukeneyo zithande ukuba ukuhlangana, njengoko kokuxhomekeka olukhulayo iintlanga, kunye nequmrhu loluntu jikelele ngcembe uba mnye. Ezi iimpawu yehlabathi lanamhlanje - science kwezentlalo, ukufunda jikelele, unandipha iindidi lwamacandelo ezintsonkothileyo, ukunxulumana ngokusondeleyo nabo kunye nabanye.

Jikelele kanye kwasendaweni

Isikali jikelele isalamane, ukuba kwenzeka ngaphakathi impucuko ngamnye, naphakathi neempucuko ezahlukeneyo, le nkqubo ibandakanya lonke ihlabathi, kuxhaphaka ngokusasaza ukusebenza yonke imida emitsha zonke izihlwele amakhulu abantu. iimpawu Political kwihlabathi lanamhlanje - jikelele. 10 iklasi kwisikolo ngasinye isaphonononga ezopolitiko nje abanawo. Kwaye ngoku konke isebenza jikelele.

Kodwa yonke senzo abe counteraction, ngoko, kunye jikelele, kukho ezinye iinkalo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Izifundo zentlalo, eshwankathela kugcinwa wenzululwazi ngabantu, inzululwazi kwezopolitiko kunye bulumko, uthi ujongile inkqubo yelizwe jikelele ingabonwa ngokucacileyo izenzo zalapha ngohlobo yokudityaniswa ngokusekelwe emibonweni zombini ezikhoyo yobuhlanga kunye civilizational. Ngoko ke kukho iimeko bodwa yenkcubeko izifundo ngamnye misaveni hinkwayo.

inkqubo ehlanganisiweyo yophuhliso zehlabathi

Jikelele, Kakade ke, inkqubo yehlabathi. Ukwanda kokuxhomekeka uqoqosho lwamazwe ngamanye, ukukhula utshintshiselwano kweenkonzo, impahla, ubugcisa, ezemali, yokusombulula ingxaki ngokudibeneyo - ukutya, zokusingqongileyo, ukufuduka, demographics - zonke ezi iinkalo nembono yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

Noko ke, jikelele ayikwazi kuphelele kuzalana elula olukhulayo kwenxaxheba kuqoqosho lwamazwe ngamanye. Izisa ndawonye zonke iinkalo zoluntu, ngokuthe ngcembe siguqule isithuba ihlabathi indawo single - lentlalo emkhosini-lezopolitiko, ezemali, ezinika ulwazi, kwinkcubeko. Kulula ukuba ukuhambisa ulwazi, impahla, iimbono, ubugcisa kunye notyalo.

Iimpawu zonxibelelwano ehlabathini namhlanje luphawulwa nokufumaneka engakumbi of unxulumano ngqo kuphuhliso zoluntu lwehlabathi kwi inkqubo ukuthembeka okugqibeleleyo. Jikelele - inkqubo njongo, bayilungisa onke amanqanaba kuphuhliso njengenkqubo yoqoqosho yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuchatshazelwa zonke iintlobo zezinto ezikhathazayo.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili jikelele

Global kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, ukuhlanganiswa yenkcubeko kunye nomanyano - apha features yehlabathi lanamhlanje. Le tafile yamanani ibonisa indlela iimpawu eziphambili jikelele.

Azibonayo nokuvavanya iinkqubo jikelele kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Njengomgaqo, masibamkele ihlabathi eliphuhlileyo nakwihlabathi eliphuhlayo boyika kakhulu. Ngapha koko, uhlanga ithi akukho namnye ihlatyiwe noko kufa, yaye ingcamango capitalism jikelele yinto nje kwenzeke. Amazwe kunye zoqoqosho babuthathaka nje ngakumbi ukunciphisa amathuba, kuba ngoku zibandakanywa kwinkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi phantsi imeko ukungeniswa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zeenkampani ngamazwe. Kwakhona, ezi mpawu yehlabathi lanamhlanje. Ngokufutshane ukushwankathela, sibonisa umzekelo kwenzeka ngenxa yoko.

Umzekelo, Greece akavumelekanga zokuthengisela namafutha omnquma odumileyo i-European Union, kaloku ke, yena kuyanyanzeleka ukuba kuthenga iitumato Dutch, iipepile namatswele. Ngenxa yokuba imifuno Dutch atshiphu, nangakumbi, kwaye bavumelekile ukuba kwamanye amazwe. Yintoni abahlali enelanga Greece ukubeka up kunye nokuthengwa imifuno evela entla lizwe - ungabona. Kodwa ke into ebalulekileyo kukuba uqoqosho Greece kaThixo lingayifumenanga kule manyano akuyona into.

iingxaki Global

iingxaki Global zahlukahlukene, kodwa yabelana Okukodwa oluqhelekileyo iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka efanayo.

• Sijamelene neengxaki zehlabathi, ukuba ingqinelana izinto kunye kwabantu bonke.
• Intsongelo lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu.
• Iingxaki ezifuna isisombululo ngokukhawuleza.
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene omnye komnye.
• Iingxaki ezifuna inyathelo elidityanelweyo luluntu jikelele.

Umzekelo, iingxaki zentlupheko, nokungaphuhli, izixhobo, uthintelo imfazwe yenyukliya, ukutya, amandla kunye nezinto ekrwada, imithombo yendalo, okusingqongileyo, abemi, uphuhliso lwabasebenzi - ingakumbi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Social Studies ngokufutshane ngokuqulunqa iingxaki zabantu, ukudibanisa ngokwamaqela amathathu.

• iingxaki Intersotsialnye: kugqatso iingalo, le backwardness ezithile amazwe, ukhuseleko njalo njalo.
• Iingxaki socio-demographic: intlupheko, ukwanda koluntu, izifo, ukutya njalo njalo.
• Iingxaki zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo: izinto, ukuhlolwa, ungcoliseko njalo njalo.

Uluntu akukho ndlela lunokuthenjwa ukunqanda iintlekele emhlabeni wonke. Kunye nokoyikiswa esoloko kwanda ngenxa isenzo iindlela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye nezakhiwo yoluntu. Umzekelo, ubugrogrisi ngamazwe ifuna ngokucacileyo kumzabalazo ochasene nalo lonke uluntu ehlabathini. Iimpawu zonxibelelwano kwihlabathi mihla sele ukuvumela enemveliso senze ngale ndlela.

Ingxaki choice

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba jikelele ziya kuzuza amazwe atyebileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni bonakalisa amahlwempu. Mhlawumbi kunjalo. Bayahlelwa abantu ngoku kuxhomekeke abangakhange kufunyanwa neglobalisticheskogo iprojekthi-langa. Ngaba ukumelana jikelele ngokudala inter-karhulumente kunye ngamazwe namabandla asekuhlaleni.

Mhlawumbi baya kudala iinkokeli zehlabathi lanamhlanje, afana neTshayina, India, Latin America kunye, kakade, eRashiya. mngeni yawo kukudala ingqibelelo efanayo-langa, kwaye isidima imfuneko ukuze zenze ukuze kulondolozwe kwiimpawu zesizwe kunye ungubani izithethe isizwe ngasinye. Lo msebenzi kukuba umoya omkhulu!

cataclysms Global kwenzeka kaninzi ngenxa yokungabikho uhlalutyo lweengcambu yemfuza nembali luhlanga nganye kunye neenkqubo ngamnye kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye nayo yonke indawo koqoqosho lwehlabathi, ifuna uvavanyo ngakumbi yesakhiwo nangobunto.

ilizwe ngalinye elibizwa ngayo ikhowudi yezofuzo wesizwe, ekufuneka isetyenziswe ekulungisweni nezicwangciso -qhinga jikelele ukuze sisinde efanayo. Kakade, esi sicwangciso, isekelwe kubume kwezoqoqosho, isiseko kwemathiriyeli yokwakha lwesizwe, kufuneka ibonelele intshukumo rhoqo kuqoqosho up.

Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe ngamnye lichatshazelwe yi-jikelele, ukukhula koqoqosho kuthatha phezu umlinganiswa jikelele, njengoko icandelo layo, hayi nje kwezoqoqosho nakwezobugcisa, kodwa ngokomoya, kunye nezenkcubeko. Iimpawu zonxibelelwano kwihlabathi mihla ukuvumela interpenetration nawuphi sicwangciso.

Nangona kunjalo, lonke uqoqosho lwehlabathi liphela akunakwenzeka ukuba yonke. Ngoko ke, kufuneka wenze nomkhwezeli - aziqhelanise jikelele jikelele kunye namaziko ezoqoqosho kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Izithethe akakwazi ukuthintela ukuvela jikelele, zinceda kuphela kukuzama ukuphepha zothelekiso kucalu-ungquzulwano ihlabathi ngenxa yobuhlanga.

Uyakwazi ukubona indlela ngempumelelo ziphuhliswe kuqoqosho eTshayina, nangona obulawulwayo ukukugcina onke amaziko emveli. Ingcamango komlawuli yaba kakhulu iphila, ekubeni naye indlela wokwenene kakhulu ekusindisweni globalism yonke Western nolwazi kwihlabathi unipolar.

Malunga Russia - igama okhethekileyo. neenkqubo jikelele kuchaphazela phezu kwakhe, kwaye yena uya kwenza kuphela ukhetho yimbali. Yena linentsingiselo ekhethekileyo kuba ke ngoko ukuba bebonke isiphelo uya isigqibo, kwaye urhulumente Russian, kunye nabantu abaphila nommandla wayo, kwaye ubukhulu becala - lonke ikamva lomhlaba.