Iimpahla Sesuka, iintlobo kunye neempawu zazo. Sailboats. photo

Iimpahla ngomkhombe yokuqala (ukuba achazwe kweli nqaku) iminyaka engaphezu kwama engamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo eYiputa, kwaye eqhelekileyo isihlenga ngqo lwemasti ingalawuleki oar. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imifuziselo phambili ngakumbi ukuba benze ngawo. Kuba ukwakhiwa kwayo, basebenzisa nomsedare Lebanese oki. Le amazibuko baseFenike baba shipyards, nto ezo iphenyane yorhwebo ezineeseyile abangatshatanga kunye iinqanawa ezininzi izixhobo. Ehlabathini V apha. BC. e. Navy sele belifumene amaGrike amandulo namaRoma. Noko ke, iimpahla ngomkhombe mkhulu eYurophu nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba eendawo kwesayensi ezinkulu. Kwaba lelo xesha ke amagunya zinamandla yaseYurophu bekhangela kumathanga omtsha waqalisa ukuxhobisa wayenothotho yomkhosi wamanzi ukuhamba kuphela phesheya kolwandle, kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Ngaloo ndlela baqalisa umzabalazo bakrakra ubukhulu elwandle, nto leyo ebe negalelo kuphuhliso esebenzayo kushishino imikhumbi le.

iimpahla Sesuka kutshanje

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, xa kwizithuthi imfazwe baxhotyiswa ukuya ubuchwepheshe yokuqala iinqanawa ezinamandla, imodeli ngomkhombe waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa zokuzonwabisa. Uninzi losuka mihla Yachts up. E-Yurophu naseMelika, apho kukho iiklabhu kwezikhephe yemidlalo, regattas imidlalo zibanjwa qho ngonyaka. Ngokufuthi ezinjalo iziganeko kuyo elwandle nqanawa iyingangamsha.

Waxhasa - ukhuphiswano phakathi inqanawa amanzi okanye izitya komfula.

Ngokwemveli, le ukhuphiswano eziqhutyelwa Melika kunye eNgilani. Amanye waxhasa lo okhuphiswano inkulu ngamazwe, njenge. "Cup Merika".

sailboats Classification kumiselwa kuxhomekeka kwizikhankanyo no tooling. Apha ngezantsi kukho iintlobo eziphambili ntlobo sailboats.

Ucalulo ngohlobo iiseyile

• Iinqanawa iiseyile square.

• Iinqanawa iiseyile lateen.

Intshinga Square eyasetyenziswa ngamaYiputa amandulo namaFenike. It is a ngelaphu njengokuba kwikasi, encamathele pgg tye. Ithunyelwa iiseyile square hamba kakuhle kuphela umoya, ngoko ke intle ngokukhawuleza indawo kwi inkundla kunye iiseyile ungasuki.

Intshinga Oblique imi kwicala elingasemva lwemasti, apho udini lwalo phambili apha. Izikhephe iiseyile ungasuki ukuhamba ngokugqibeleleyo njengomoya enobulungisa, yaye umoya esibukhali rate. Ungasuki iiseyile, yena, yahlulwe yaba:

• isiLatini.

• Spritsail.

• jibs.

Classification yi inani iimasti

• single-nge- umkhumbi yacht.

• ezimbini-ezineeseyile yacht.

• Mnogomachtovye yacht.

Mast - yinxalenye isixhobo. Yesakhiwo nkqo lomkhombe, nto leyo idla kuxhaswa ngokusebenzisa ezizodwa elula. Mast bakhiwe ikakhulu sapling.

Imasti kutshanje

Ngeenqanawa ezinkulu mihla loo nto i izixhobo ngomkhombe, nenqaba ezilahlekileyo umsebenzi wayo ophambili kwaye zisetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo:

• Ukuze esingasingisi iimpawu kazwelonke ilizwe labo (iflegi kunye ingubo iingalo).

• Ukuze esingasingisi wandise nesimo esikhoyo ngoku isitya (yedwa bekhwele umlilo ebhodini, umfutho, njalo njalo. D.).

• Ukuseta ezahlukene imiqondiso.

• Ukuze ukufaka ezinye izixhobo umsindo siphawula.

• Ukuze ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi kuRhulumente ngo emanzi ngeli nqanaba lo nqanawa. Zixhonywe lwemasti iflegi yesizwe lizwe.

• Xa kukho umntu ofileyo ebhodini, xa ebonisa ukuzila kunye irhafu kwinkumbulo yakhe ukuthoba intlonipho elincinci kuba apha iflegi yesizwe.

iintlobo iimasti

• foremast. Lo lwemasti yokuqala, ukubala ukusuka isaphetha emkhombeni.

• mainmast. Yeyona yesibini ngexesha olu hlobo yokwakhiwa impumlo yenqanawa. Xa ezimbini-amathathu ezineeseyile kwenqanawa kusenjalo phezulu kakhulu.

• Mizzen-imasti. Le imasti aft, wona usekwe phezu nayiphi na inqanawa ezintsha ukusuka impumlo.

Zeziphi iintlobo zezithuthi amanzi ezifumanekayo?

Ucalulo ngohlobo igobhogobho losuka:

• Wooden.

• zeplastiki.

• Steel.

Ukuhlelwa iinqanawa inani leemeko:

• igobhogobho Single

• (umkhumbi catamaran) kabini-hulled

•-inxalenye ezintathu (ngomkhombe trimaran).

Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlelwa iinqanawa, kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso isiqu:

• isiqu isikhephe (kwiinqanawa abazisebenzisayo enzima zikhangeleke, oko unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka begcina isitya sehlise iziko womxhuzulane).

• iphenyane (kwizikhephe ezinjalo ukucwangcisa daggerboard ezizodwa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ekukhuliseni nokunciphisa ngobanjiso sikhephe).

• Yacht-vumelwano (ukuba basebenzise izichazi oluphakathi phakathi kwe iphenyane kunye zoyilo isiqu).

Iintlobo imikhumbi

Kufuneka dwelisa amagama iinqanawa.

AAK - isitya encinane olunye-nge- kunye ezantsi osicaba, esenzelwe ukuthwala imithwalo amancinci.

Izivalo - yinto wenqanawa enkulu, ukuba ukususela iimasti emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Inqanawa ifakwe jikelele nge iseyile isikwere, omnye kuphela kwi lwemasti aft ungasuki ezisisigxina.

Barquentine - Marine pyatimachtovy ezintathu-xinyenyana. Uninzi ezinde baxhotyiswa iiseyile elibhalwe ngokumileyo. isakhiwo impumlo kuphela unalo iseyile square.

UBrigadier - ezimbini-ezineeseyile inqanawa ukuba isixhobo ngqo kwi lwemasti engundoqo jib kunye lwemasti ungasuki Spritsail kwi iseyilana.

Brigantine - lula isitya-nge- ezimbini ungasuki iseyile kwi iiseyile mainmast kwaye isikwere kwi foremast, olu hlobo isixhobo kuthiwa mixed.

Galleon - mnogopalubnoe inqanawa enkulu elwandle-ehla izixhobo zokudubula ezinamandla. Galleons ethunyelwa elide imigama kunye amadabi. Ezi iinqanawa ezo Speed kakhulu ngendlela moya waza wenza isambuku baseSpeyin kunye fleet IsiNgesi.

Umququ - isitya somthi ezine ezimbini--nge-, eyasetyenziswa ikakhulu kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia kwaye umiselwe ukuba umlambo okanye kwempahla ulwandle yonxweme.

IOL - uBrigadier ukuba iseyile elibhalwe ngokumileyo kwaye andizele indawo aft emva esqwini steering.

Caravel - amathathu anesine-ezineeseyile inqanawa kwezakha zakho kunye isixhobo ezixubeneyo ezenzelwe ukuhamba ulwandle kunye ezibalulekileyo yokuthutha kwezithuthi.

Galera - benjenjalo ukumemeza phantse zonke izikhephe, usiya-ekuqhubeni, ukuba ezazisetyenziswa kumaxesha amandulo. Ukongeza isixhobo, waba enye okanye ezimbini ngokungakhatha- kumqolo.

Karakka - enkulu inqanawa emithathu nge- esetyenziselwa iinjongo zorhwebo kunye nomkhosi. Le isikhephe kufuneka ube ezintathu kwaye i shaka kwezikhali umxhelo.

KECh - a encinane inqanawa-nge- ezimbini. ilungiselelo ezahlukeneyo ahlangene ivili ngaphambili imasti aft.

Iifrigate - trehmachtovik zomkhosi ukuba isixhobo ngokupheleleyo. iifrigate Classic kwadalwa eFransi ngenkulungwane ye-elinesibhozo kwaye inqanawa lula yalwa kunye iingalo elungileyo.

Imbande - ulwandle elungileyo umkhumbi ezenzelwe ukulungiselela iinjongo zothutho emkhosini. Ngenxa yokuba ubude inqanawa leyo izihlandlo eziliqela umkhulu ububanzi bayo, Yimbande akwazi ukuhamba sekusondele ukuba umoya, yaye wamnika inzuzo ebalulekileyo phezu kwezinye iimpahla, ngaphantsi yalwa.

Sloop - zomkhosi ezintathu-nge- umkhombe wakwa-phantsi iiseyile tye. Kuye isetyenziswe njengendawo sentinel kunye nesithuthi.

Schooner - isikhephe ngomkhombe lula, leyo ubuncinane iimasti ezimbini iiseyile ungasuki. Schooner Kulula kakhulu ukuzilawula. Zisetyenziswa becala ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwezithuthi yorhwebo.

yacht

Ekuqaleni kwezikhephe uya kuba zitya ukutya kunye nokukhanya ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha abantu esiphezulu. Emva koko, lo kwezikhephe basithiya igama naliphi motor-ngomkhombe, injini okanye isitya ngomkhombe, lulungiselelwe iinjongo kwabakhenkethi okanye kwezemidlalo.

I elwandle yokuqala kwavela kweyeshumi elinesibhozo. Baba akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo kwaye bekhululekile, yiyo lonto abantu abazizityebi bakhetha olu hlobo zothutho olwandle. izikhephe ngomkhombe mini nenjini, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ngamaqhinga kwi kwizibuko bahambe ngesantya kade, nkqu ngexesha ukuzola ngokupheleleyo. Zahlula-hlulwe ingami (kwibhodi kukho ezingontsini), ulonwabo nemidyarho.

Thenga lilindelwe

Namhlanje, sailboats ezininzi imbali zingasekho wahlala kuphela kumaphepha kweenoveli adventure kunye imifanekiso kwiimagazini kunye neencwadi. Kodwa ke akuyomfuneko wakhathazeka kakhulu. Xa ivenkile ungathenga imizekelo losuka iinqanawa eziyilelwe lokubhalela weendawo. Kukho kwakhona izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neencwadi ukulungiselela indibano iinqanawa ngezandla zabo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukuqokelela iimodeli inqanawa - oku ikuba mdla, ikhula eRashiya.

Iinqanawa idumileyo nokuhamba ngomkhombe cishe, iifoto kunye imifuziselo ezithandwa:

Bark "Zama" - le nqanawa odumileyo kaYakobi Cook, apho ngomkhombe waya elingaziwayo ngelixa kunxweme Australia nase-New Zealand.

"Neva" yaye "Ithemba" - sloops ezimbini okokuqala kwimbali Russian ziyijikeleze umhlaba.

"INkosana" - an awahlali IsiNgesi ukuba yazika ngowe-1854 kwi-Sea Black emva isaqhwithi avela. Athandwa ngenxa namarhe ubutyebi ezazikayo, leyo ubephethe.

"Meri Rouz" - emkhosini flagship IsiNgesi uKumkani uHenry yesiBhozo, ngubani zazika ngo-1545.

«Great Republic» - le Clipper enkulu kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, leyo wawusakhiwa shipbuilder odumileyo uDonald McKay.

"Ariyeli" - Clipper yaseBritani, Yaduma kukuba ngo-1866 waphumelela i "iti ugqatso 'odumileyo ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eLondon.

"Adventure" - umkhombe kwenye i pirates abadumileyo - Captain William Kidd.

isiphelo

Ixesha leenqanawa nokuhamba ngomkhombe ixesha imincili ngokwenene adventure nokuthandana. iinqanawa inxaxheba amadabi aselwandle, waya kunxweme ngakuphi yaye ihanjiswa ubutyebi nanto, ezi zinto zinxulumene inani elikhulu amavo. Imikhombe olu hlobo anikelwe inani elikhulu lwemisebenzi yoncwadi. Ngokusekelwe ziganeko zembali kunye namabali eyimfihlakalo ebandakanya iimodeli ngesikhephe ukufota abaninzi iifilimu adventure odumileyo.