Iimbewu: isakhiwo. isakhiwo zangaphandle zangaphakathi imbewu

Iqala nembewu yobomi izityalo ezininzi. mbali yesikhumbuzo okanye onabileyo maple kajongilanga eliphekwe okanye ivatala zimnandi - bonke baye likhule imbewu ezincinane.

Yintoni imbewu

Imbewu ke ilungu okuzala. Ukongeza umsebenzi ukuzala, oko likwanomsebenzi ebalulekileyo izityalo chithwa ngolunya. Ukusasaza umoya okanye isilwanyana, ukuba utyala imbewu isiqhuma bese kahle kwintsimi entsha. Lo msebenzi wenza isakhiwo yembewu izityalo.

Isakhiwo sangaphandle imbewu

Ngenxa yenkqubo neqanda luvelisa imbewu, ubume eyenza imisebenzi eyenziwa.

Ubungakanani iimbewu zezityalo ezahlukeneyo utshintshatshintsha kakhulu ukusuka ezinga- poppy imbewu-kangangesiqingatha semitha e Seychelles yesundu.

Ifom ye iimbewu nayo ohlukahlukeneyo, kodwa kaninzi ke ngeenxa zonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbewu iimbotyi, isakhiwo apho ekuso, ngaba umzekelo ukufunda amalungu okuzala.

imbewu ahlangene ukusekwa integuments Ovule. Le ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo imbewu ukuba ukunqongophala ukufuma kunye neengozi zokusingqongileyo.

I-inshorensi yokhuselo nga zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Ukuqwalasela icala phakathi kwembewu, kulula ukubona ukudakumba leyo ilandelwa yi sesiqu imbewu. Phambi kokuba lokusekwa olungekazalwa yena idityaniswe nalawa pericarp imbewu.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi imbewu

Inxalenye yesibini enkulu nganye imbewu - mbungu. Nguye siphu- elizayo izityalo ibithuthwa, ngoko ke wenziwa ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ezi ingcambu osandul, udiza gemmule. cotyledons umbungu agcinwa kunikezelo kwezondlo. Zifumaneka kwindalo kunye nezinye isakhiwo isicwangciso imbewu, xa umbungu ngaphakathi endosperm. Oku unikezelo kwezondlo.

imbewu ezivuthiweyo inokuba ixesha elide ukuba kwimo yokuphumla, obanika izinto phezu imbewu, nto leyo intshula ngoko nangoko emva emuncu usifa, ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba bume sophuhliso.

Kwindalo, nto leyo kakhulu ngeentlobo yiyo yonke imizimba, kuquka imbewu. Isakhiwo umisela ukuhlelwa kwazo. Imbewu apho izondlo zifumaneka endosperm, ebizwa ngokuba ziiprotein. Olunye uhlobo imbewu ekuthiwa protini-free.

Ukubunjwa imbewu

Uhlolisiso lubonisa zonke iimbewu iqanjwa izinto eziphilayo, uninzi lwazo ethatha neprothini imifuno okanye gluten. Inkoliso yale nto iqulethwe kwizityalo okuziinkozo, abenziwe ngomgubo kunye nesonka wapheka.

Kananjalo imbewu egcinwe starch otyebileyo ekudleni. Ipesenti ezi zihlanganisi kuyahlukana nedlela iintlobo zezityalo. Ngokomzekelo, imbewu kajongilanga bazizityebi ioli, iinkozo zengqolowa - istatshi.

Ngaphandle iiprothini, amafutha kunye carbohydrate kunye imbewu ziqulathe izinto ezingaphiliyo. Kuba ngaphezu kwabo bonke amanzi ezifunekayo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwisityalo, kunye neetyuwa kwezimbiwa.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba isixa kwento nganye ibaluleke esisesayo yophuhliso imbewu nokukhula buyafuneka.

Imbewu mono- nezityalo dicotyledonous

Ukufumaneka imbewu na uphawu kuphela kumaqela athile eyondeleleneyo izityalo - imbewu. Kwelinye icala, ukuba amaqela ngamaqela amabini: gymnosperms kunye angiosperms. Imbewu gymnosperms Conifers zikwindawo esikalini cone uncoated. Ngoko ke, ukuba unalo igama elinjalo. NgoFebruwari, phezu ikhephu wayizalela kuwa iimbewu, ogama isakhiwo na ukubonelela ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ndiseyimbumba kwiimeko ezinzima.

Kakhulu amathuba okuba intshula imbewu angiosperms. Abameli beli qela beshumayela ekhonyayo indawo Bulelani iziqhamo ezikhusela imbewu yabo. Ubume Umbungu nganye inika ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo ukusuka ukutya ebandayo kunye umbungu.

Izityalo ilungu iqela elithile ngokulula ezichongiweyo. Ekubeni ingqalelo ubume iimbewu monocot, ezifana caryopsis nengqolowa, ungenza qiniseka ukuba unayo Cotyledon enye kuphela. Loo bungu imbewu isithombo Iifomu eyodwa.

Ngendlela eyahlukileyo amalungiselelo imbewu sembotyi. isakhiwo yabo okufana dicots imbewu kunye cotyledons ezimbini umbungu imbewu ezimbini layers lwegciwane. Ukongeza isakhiwo ndiseyimbumba, kukho ezinye iimpawu ezibonakalisa iqela kwezityalo. Olu hlobo iingcambu, phambi cambium, isakhiwo venation ngamagqabi, imilo amagqabi. Kodwa ke isakhiwo imbewu a phawu lubalulekileyo.

ukuntshula kwembewu

Ngokuqinisekileyo, yonke indlu igcinwe imbewu ezininzi. Iimbotyi, iertyisi, neentlumaya, imbewu kajongilanga nkqu ingqolowa - ziindwendwe rhoqo ekhitshini. Kodwa kutheni ke aziyo ikhaba? Impendulo ilula: ngokuba ukuntshula iimeko ezithile ayimfuneko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuzo amanzi. Njengoko singena nkcwe kuba imbewu kwandisa izihlandlo ezininzi umthamo kunye nezondlo endosperm, lwegciwane ukunyibilika. Kule meko, baba zifikeleleke kwiiseli eziphilayo mbungu.

iimeko Kubalulekile ukuba ukuntshula nayo ukufikelela ioksijini, kwelanga, lobushushu ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngentla 0 degrees. Kodwa ke imbewu cereals ebusika ngokukodwa baphathwe obubandayo, yaye iqondo lobushushu elibi yimeko kuyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso imbewu yabo.

Indima iimbewu kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu

Imbewu zibalulekile enkulu ngenxa izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Kuba izityalo, yazini ukuba yokuzala kunye chithwa ngolunya phezu kumphezulu womhlaba. Ukuba unikezelo wesitatshi, amafutha kunye neprothini imbewu nokutya kakhulu okunezondlo ukuba izilwanyana neentaka. nobona imveliso yokutya abantu. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba ubomi babantu ngaphandle isonka, eyenziwe imbewu ipapa okanye ngaphandle oli yemifuno imbewu ujongilanga nengqolowa. Kwaye ke impumelelo lokuvuna elizayo lixhomekeke nomgangatho wembewu.

izityalo iMbewu zezona kuphuhliswa kakhulu kakhulu, ezintsonkothileyo kubume, iinkqubo yobomi, kwaye babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ebhudla ehlabathini yezityalo. Olu phuhliso befumene kungenxa yobukho amalungu abalulekileyo okuvelisa - imbewu.