Heterotrophic - kungenxa umzimba?

Zokutya - uhlobo senkqubo ngawo umzimba ufumana amandla afunekayo nezondlo ukuze iseli ukutya, ukulungisa kunye nokukhula.

Heterotrophs: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Heterotrophic - ezo izinto ezisebenzisa imithombo ukutya okunjani. Abakwazi ukwenza oganikhi khompawundi ukusuka ezingaphiliyo, njengoko kwenziwa kwinkqubo faneleki okanye chemosynthesis autotrophs (izityalo eziluhlaza yaye ezinye prokaryotes). Kungenxa yoko le nto kusinda eziphilayo ezichazwe ixhomekeke umsebenzi autotrophs.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba heterotrophs - indoda, izilwanyana, umngundo, kwaye izityalo kunye micro-eziphilayo ukuba abakwazi faneleki okanye chemosynthesis. Kufuneka ke ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile iintsholongwane ezisebenzisa amandla kukhanya ukwenza izinto zalo organic. It fotogeterotrofy.

Heterotrophs ukufumana ukutya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa bancipha iinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili (ukwetyisa, nokufunxwa kunye nokwenziwa), apho izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo eziphilayo izinto lwanamathela lula yaye wendele yi ancedisana kunye nokusetyenziswa elandelayo iimfuno eziphilayo.

ngezigaba heterotrophic

Bonke bephela bohlulwa babe ngamaqela-2 - abathengi kunye eziphilayo. Laba ikhonkco lokugqibela kwikhonkco lokutya, njengoko ikwazi ukuguqula le khompawundi eziphilayo kwi kweziyobisi bezimbiwa. Konsumentami abo eziphilayo ukuba ukulungele ukusebenzisa oganikhi khompawundi ezithi lasekwa ngo ubomi autotrophs ngaphandle beguqukele ekugcineni kwiintsalela kwizimbiwa.

Ukongeza, ezi heterotrophs - it saprophytes okanye gazi. Saprophytes kwalusa organic eziphilayo kwabafileyo. Oku ezininzi izilwanyana, igwele, nokuvunda kwaye amakhowa shlyapkovye, kwakunye neentsholongwane ezibangela yokubola ukubola.

Zilwanyana zitya oganikhi khompawundi yezinto eziphilayo. Ezi ziquka ezinye lenyama, olwaye lwamfimfitha ziimpethu, iingcongconi kunye zokukorekisha. Eli qela nayo kuquka iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, izityalo olwaye lwamfimfitha, heterotrophs (umzekelo, amagqabi okuhombisa) neenkowane-gazi.

Power eziphilayo heterotrophic

Bubunjani heterotrophs amandla zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kukho kwakhona kukho herbivorous okanye ezidla iintlobo, amakhalane kunye amarhamncwa eziphilayo ephelisa ukutya njengoko kwimicu isityalo efile okanye izidumbu yezilwanyana, ngokunjalo iindlela ezisetyenziselwa amandla yachithwa umcimbi wayo organic.

Ukuba sithethe malunga neentlobo lwesondlo heterotrophic, kufuneka kuchazwe ifomu holozoic. Loo ukudla uphawu ngokubanzi zezilwanyana kuquka la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukufakwa ukutya kunye ligwinya.
• Ekugayeni. Oku kubandakanya cleavage organic molecule amasuntswana amancinane ukuba ukunyibilika lula ngakumbi emanzini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kuqala idlule lokugaya ukutya ngoomatshini (umz, amazinyo), ilandelwe yi ukungakhuseleki kwi-enzayim ezithile yokusila (imichiza ekugayeni).
• Sokufunxa. Nutrients okanye nangoko eyele inwebu okanye egazini kuqala uze kunye ngoku amalungu alo ahlukeneyo.
• Nokwenziwa (nokwenziwa). Yeyona ukusetyenziswa kwezondlo.
• Kukhuthaza - ukususa exchange yokugqibela kunye neemveliso ukutya undigested.

Eziphilayo-saprotrophs

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, eziphilayo ukuba zidle organic iintsalela abafileyo ngokuba saprophytes. Ngokuba ukudla wenze enzyme ezifanelekileyo uze ukufunxa into eyenziwa ngenxa yolo ukugaywa extracellular. Uyawathanda - heterotrophs, nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke uhlobo saprophytic lokutya - oko kukuthi, umzekelo, igwele okanye nomngundo Mucor, Rhizppus. Bona afumaneka inkcubeko eliphakathi kwaye iienzymes kunye ezingcakacileyo, mycelium branched inika umphezulu yokufunxa enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, glucose na inkqubo yokuphefumla nokuqinisekisa amandla fungi esetyenziswa ngayo metabolic. Ndimele ndithi ukuba iintsholongwane ezininzi nazo saprophytes.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iikhompawundi ezininzi akhiwa saprophytes ngamandla, kwelifunekayo ngabo. Ezi izinto faka okusingqongileyo kwaye ke isetyenziswe zizityalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto umsebenzi saprophytic lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelo lomba.

Ingcamango ngokuncedisana

Igama elithi "ngokuncedisana" yaziswa zizazinzulu De Bari, owathi ukuba kukho ngumbutho okanye nolwalamano olusondeleyo phakathi eziphilayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoko ke, kukho iintsholongwane heterotrophic ezihlala wokugaya izilwanyana herbivorous zhuynyh. Bayakwazi ukuba ukugaya kwincindi, esidla nto. Ezi Cya angaphila ukudla anaerobic neselulosi namathelani iikhompawundi elula ukuba host izilwanyana nga kwetyiswe ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ukuyifunda. Omnye umzekelo oku kubizwa ngokuba oluphakathi yezityalo kunye maqhuqhuva ingcambu bacterium sodidi iRhizobium.

Ukuba sithethe kwavumela eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kuyimfuneko ukubalula le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa parasitism. Ukuba enye yezi (amaphelo) iinzuzo kulo kwavumela, enye ngexesha elinye - umonakalo kuphela (umnikazi). Ngoko ke, kulo mzekelo, ezimfimfitha ivelisa ukongeza ohlala, kungekuphela nje izondlo kodwa ufumana kuye indawo yokusabela.

Ikutyela bahlala phezu olungaphandle host zibizwa ngokuba ectoparasites (iintakumba, ntwala okanye rhorho). Bathi nje kuphela yokuphila ekumfimfitheni. I zangaphakathi nesibopho. Bona luphawulwa ubukho ekumfimfitheni (leyo, umzekelo, tapeworm kweeHagu, Plasmodium okanye isibindi liphiko).

Ngamafuphi, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba heterotrophs - iqela ebanzi kakhulu eziphilayo, apho basebenzisane kungekuphela nje omnye komnye, kodwa iyakwazi ukwenza ezinye izinto eziphilayo.