Rudyard Kipling: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Ngokwenene umntu onesiphiwo kufuneka unekhono yonke into. Ukungqinwa la magama - Dzhozef Redyard Kipling. Ngobomi kwale ndoda, ingakumbi, isibakala yokufumana ibhaso le-Nobel ebudaleni ezimashumi mane anesibini - ubungqina oku. Umbhali, imbongi nombhali wayebathanda abantu kunye nendalo, abanomdla yonke, omninzi ukufunda. Yena waba nesibindi, bekusoloko wacaca kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Wayekholelwa ukuba kukho 'uloyiko wohlobo' ukuba makwabelwane ngayo ngabo bonke abantu - kuba isiphelo omnye umntu. Njengoko waseBritani kwimfundo, wayesoloko wacinga of India, bavutha ulwimi, kwikhaya lakhe yesibini.

Yintoni imisebenzi Yaduma Rudyard Kipling?

Njengoko yaziwa, loo izibongo yaseBritani - enye italente bazizinhanha emhlabeni, Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, Uilyam Shekspir, Metyu Arnold, uCharlotte Bronte. Ngoko ke, uluhlu kubonisa British ukuzama BBC radio edumileyo igama imibongo zabo abazithandayo. Championship (kwaye usecicini omkhulu!) Yeharim Kipling 'imiyalelo kaThixo. " Nakuba kunjalo, ubuncinane kuyaziwa cwaka ngumbhali. Kipling neyilayo is ezininzi. Phakathi ongasoze ulityalwe imisebenzi yakhe - ". I Jungle Book" kwinoveli "UKim" yaye yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane,

imigca entle lo mbhali. Eneneni, "The Jungle Book" linokubizwa ngokuba imibongo iprozi. Ngoko wabhala yakudala zethu Turgenev kunye Gogol, kodwa, kakade, laseRashiya. Imbasa 15 amabali amafutshane, "The Jungle Book" iqulathe amabali Mowgli, leyo eye 8 kubo, kunye namanye amabali sinikwe zobuntu izilwanyana Indiya, malunga Amaqaqa okhaliphileyo Rikki-Yankee-Tavi, ikati ohamba yedwa-for-ngokwalo. Kipling ibali inkwenkwe Mowgli, owabanyusayo ipasela iingcuka, ephikisana ingwe ngenkohlakalo Sherhanu ngokuphindaphindiweyo avele iikhathuni kakuhle ngabo bonke abantwana.

ebuntwaneni zombhali

Le ngxelo abadumile Kipling-Indiya. ngobomi bakhe iqala eBombay, apho ke wazalwa ngo-1936. E India, wachitha bakhe ebuntwaneni. Eli lizwe wayesazi yaye bethandwa. Okunamandla, kunayo okuvelayo ebuntwaneni unyana Umphathi wesikolo Bombay of art ezinxulumene iintsomi namabali Indian nomncedisi ongumSuthu-isilwanyana (inkwenkwe wayesazi kakuhle kwaye bakwazi ukuthetha Hindi).

Xa ndandineminyaka emithandathu, wathunyelwa eNgilani ngendlela zokubhoda zabucala - ibonisa biography of Kipling. Ngokuba abantwana zisetyenziswa ukuba akhulule umphefumlo wamakoloniyali lwalusilwa nengcinezelo kudla ngokuba nzima ukuba siqhelane ukubaqhelisa ndawo. Asinguye owuthandayo lo iindwendwe pension. Iinkumbulo sikweni kunye nenkohlakalo apho umbhali nayo kwasebutsheni bakhe, wathi kamva lwaqaliswa ibali elifutshane "The Black Izimvu".

ulutsha

Uyise babekholelwa ekuqaleni ukuba igosa kufuneka ibe Kipling oselula. Biography lubonisa ukuba abafana elinantathu engeniswa kwi-School Devon (enyanisweni - analogu of Suvorov wethu), nto leyo sokufezekisa amagosa elizayo, abanqwenela ukungena kulo akhademi odumileyo emkhosini. "Edadayo" Boyish, nokugruzuka "mini-emfazweni" nabaxhaphazi, ofunda - konke oku kufuneka kwenzeke kwiqela la madoda phambi kokuba ukuqatshelwa "yakhe". Wayemthanda uYosefu esikolweni kunye nenkonzo. Eli xesha ebomini bakhe uthi yamabali "Stalky & ^Co." Apho ke wabonisa umbhali italente yayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukungaboni akazange anikezele ithemba umsebenzi emkhosini. Uyise wakhumbula umfana oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala e-India, apho wafumana indawo kwi "kwiphephandaba Civil and zomkhosi" kuye.

Ukuqala Umsebenzi zombhali

Eyile umendo journalistic zivela kumabali Rudyard Kipling. incwadi yakhe "The amanqaku zesebe," kuyimpumelelo. Zokufuna mbhali wayesazi Hindustani ulwimi, yena likufutshane umfundi Indiya, kuyaqondakala yaye bethandwa. Umbhali nyaka-34 ubudala, wayesele esaziwa eBritani, ifika eLondon ukuba 'igama ". Apha, libambisene ne-American Wolcott Balestier, umvakalisi ebalini "Naulahka" imisebenzi Kipling. Biography, a maxesha emfutshane yobomi bakhe yeyona umdla kweli xesha. Wafumana umhlobo wokwenene kwaye wamthanda kunye nodade wayo. Noko ke, akuzange kube kudala emva wenza zisebenza kunye. Emva kokufa umlingane wakhe evela yesifo watshata udade wayo Caroline. Wabhala umbongo wakhe odumileyo "Gunga Din» ( "Gunga Din") kunye "Mandalay".

Vermont ixesha bobuchule

Esi sibini oselula bafudukela Vermont, apho ipapashwe imiqulu emibini "I Jungle Book" kwaye ingqokelela yemibongo "Seas Seven". Apha abazali abonwabileyo neentombi ezimbini yabonakala, ngoko - nonyana. Oku kudala inoveli ilungileyo Kipling - "Kim" inkwenkwana Indiya, ragamuffin, ubulumko cognized WayengumBhuda abe hlola yaseBritani. Emva axabana kunye nezalamane nomfazi wakhe engamashumi amathathu anesithathu umbhali kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela eNew York. Apha, yena nentombi ububi pneumonia, emva koko iyafa intombazana.

Ukuya kwi-UK

Kwaqengqeleka iinyanga eziliqela wasebenza kwiphephandaba eMzantsi Afrika, ngoko ukuthenga indlu yabucala eNgilani, okwilizwe Sussex. Yena athathe inxaxheba kubomi kwezopolitiko ngokuxhasa babebambelele. Kuye uza avume: i-Nobel Prize, izidanga yekhethelo ukusuka kwiiyunivesithi zaseBritani nabaseYurophu. Kodwa kwakhona lokufelwa ulindele umbhali. Ngaphambili leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi wambulala unyana wakhe. Umbhali kunye nomfazi wakhe phantsi ngehlangothi lwekrele zonke ixesha labo ukunceda abantu kwi-Red Cross. Yena phantse akazange ukubhala, intlungu kangaka. Noko ke, kungekudala ifumana umhlobo Kipling, owaba nako 'ukuyishukumisa "zivuse ebomini. Baba ... IsiNgesi Korol Georg V. I (Le ndoda enobubele kakhulu de ekufeni kwakhe Kipling.) Biography of umbhali ubonisa indlela ukhunjulwa inkumbulo unyana wakhe, kwibali ubudala ngokubhala pyatidesyativosmiletnem "I-Irish Guards e Great imfazwe. " Nzima yaba umphefumlo walo mbhali, uloyiso zobuchule, ngelishwa, ngokufuthi sikhatshwe Ukulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo. Kubakhathaza gastritis yakhe ikhule ibe isilonda Peptic. Wafa engaphezi lwangaphakathi wangcwatyelwa Westminster Abbey.

isiphelo

ubuchule ezininzi of Kipling. Siyayazi loo nto, ngenxa bali abantwana eziqaqambileyo imilingo kaThixo "I Jungle Book." Noko ke, kukho umsebenzi wakhe, yaye kwelinye icala. Genri Dzheyms wayibiza ngokuba "IsiNgesi Balzac." I inoveli "Kim" ithathwa umsebenzi elingcono malunga ne-Indiya in IsiNgesi. Kipling yayihlonelwa kwaye uyahlonelwa abadala, kubonakala ingakumbi ngexesha Yehlabathi I. classic yethu uKonstantin Simonov waphawula "isimbo eyindoda" Kipling, "ngokobungqongqo Ijoni" akhe, "njengendoda".

Eneneni, ukuba indoda ayikhali wayenokuthi ukuba indoda okunene ayifanele ukuba 'siyeke' yaye 'ukungena kulo umphefumlo' nempumelelo wayesiwa, ukuba bamele abaphathe "isebenza".