IVolga: indawo. Inkcazelo koMlambo iVolga

Lo mlambo omkhulu, ephethe amanzi lawo Valdai Hills ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian, omnye kwemithambo inkulu nokuthumela kwilizwe lethu - kodwa iVolga. Indawo Geographical ukunika indima yakhe uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye nokusekwa iidolophu ezinkulu zezizwe Slavic. IVolga - lo mlambo mkhulu e-Europe. Kwaye namhlanje kuhlala zingumthombo obalulekileyo yamanzi kunye nombane umgca zothutho entsha kwaye sisondela ecaleni layo yenani elikhulu abakhenkethi neendwendwe. Uphi na ke River iVolga , yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo? Oku kuza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

IVolga: nendawo

Lo mlambo zinokuhonjiswa yinxalenye yaseYurophu zelizwe lethu. A lom encinane umjelo engundoqo aqukuqela kummandla Kazakhstan. Istok iVolga ise kwi Valdai Hills (kwiimitha 229 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle). Njengoko Kukholelwa ngokuqhelekileyo, lo mfula omkhulu iqala kufuphi elalini kummandla Volgoverkhovye yaseTver. IVolga isitya ithatha malunga kwisithathu kwintsimi yaseYurophu eRashiya. It elisukela Valdai and Central Russian inkangala phezulu ukuya Urals.

IVolga ithathwa umlambo sikhulu ehlabathini, kungekhona ukuba iwele olwandle. amanzi athwala ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian, apho elibhekisela echibini. Ubude lomlambo - 3530 km, ukuwa iyonke -. 256 m iVolga isitya kuthatha indawo ngaphezu kwesigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

River Enkulu kungenziwa uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: phezulu (ukusuka kumthombo ukuya umlomo Oka), eliphakathi (ukusuka emlonyeni Oka River ukuya ekudibaneni Kama), ezantsi (ukusuka emlonyeni Kama River ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian).

umthombo

Umlambo evela isitshixo evela Umgxobhozo kufuphi nelali Volgoverkhovye. Kufuphi itempile yakhiwe. Lo mthombo kakhulu iVolga kubekwe phantsi umgangatho indlwana encinane somthi yasekelwa. Lixhotyiswe i window eyodwa apho i scoop aze avunyelwe ukuba basele amanzi.

Emva ezintathu yeekhilomitha ukusuka umthombo iVolga aqukuqela yanjalo amachibi ezimbini, okokuqala ezincinane Verkhita, yaye emva koko kwi-Big Verkhita. Ngaphezu koko, indlela yayo ubuxoki echibini eliphezulu. Ichibi yokuqala enkulu, engeka yona - Sterzh. IVolga ngamandla amakhulu ngokukhawuleza azileyo amanzi alo, ngaphandle okuxuba, weyisayo kubo. Kuthiwa xa ilanga ungabona indlela umlambo aqukuqela chibi.

eliphezulu iVolga

Phambi ekudalweni ubude ezigcina umlambo elide yaye 3690 km. Edamini yokuqala ecaleni lomlambo lo imi emva Verkhnevolzhskiye Lakes (Sterzh, Vselug, Peno, iVolga). Yakhiwa 1843. Kwi amadama Upper iVolga sayifumana namhlanje ezimbalwa: Ivankovskoe (emva koku obizwa ngokuba kuLwandle Moscow, kuye fanele isityalo ngamanzi kufuphi nesixeko Dubna), Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky (imi kwi Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod ngasentla).

Idolophu enkulu yokuqala umthombo omlambo - Rzhev. Ku Upper iVolga abanjalo izixeko zamandulo njengoko Kostroma, yaseTver, Uglich kunye Yaroslavl. It akhabanayo ohambe uyekugcinwe kwindawo laseSwazini, oko ngokubanzi omkulu, ngoko iingqameko phakathi kwiibhanki exandekeni.

Eyona engundoqo omlambo lomlambo ingxenye: Selizharovka, Ubumnyama, Kotorosl, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sheksna, Unzha.

phakathi iVolga

Emva kokuba ekudibaneni kwe-Oka Ukuhamba komlambo ekupheleni lasekunene iVolga inkangala. Apha kuya kuba ngokuphawulekayo elifumileyo. Ibhanki lasekunene iVolga eziphakamileyo, washiya enye - phantsi.

Isixeko Cheboksary na idama ngamanzi, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphezu ichibi.

Eyona engundoqo omlambo lomlambo ingxenye: Oka, Sura, Vetluga, Sviyaga.

ezisezantsi iVolga

amandla aso apheleleyo amandla emlanjeni emva ekudibaneni Kama iinzuzo. Kule ceke, ayajika ecaleni iVolga Uplands. Ezigudle i Zhiguli Mountains, iVolga zenza Samara Bend. It engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune Kuibyshev ichibi (it ekufuphi nebheyi Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo). Balakovo kummandla komlambo limi Saratov HPP. Kwisithili Volgograd River loLawulo- Don. ngaphezu nje idolophu siyahlukana ngaphakathi kwakhe ngasekhohlo, Akhtuba. ubude bayo - 537 km. Phakathi komlambo kumkhono yayo ngu-ekuthiwa iVolga-Akhtubinskaya plain njengoMnayile, eziquka inani elikhulu imibhobho.

Hayi kude Volgograd, kwindawo emlanjeni phakathi komzi kunye isiqalo Akhtuba kubekwe Volzhskaya HPP kunye Volgograd ndawo.

Omlambo komlambo kule sayithi abambalwa kakhulu. Le juice, Samara, Great Irgiz Eruslan.

umlomo iVolga

Kule ndawo ngakumbi Don amathuba komlambo kunye nokungena ngokubhekele phaya mpuma ukuya ekudibaneni oLwandle lweCaspian. Kwindawo apho ijelo eziphambili bahlukana Ahtuba luqala Delta iVolga. Lufikelela kuyo indawo nama-19.000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Delta 500 ibandakanya enemikhono. I inkulu kubo - oko Akhtuba Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya iVolga, Bolda, BUZAN. Ingalo yesibini wathi gqolo igcinwe efanelekileyo ukuthunyelwa kwaye yenza iVolga-lweCaspian channel. Kigach, nayo yenye iingalo omlambo, uwela kummandla Kazakhstan.

IVolga Delta ithathwa le inkulu e-Europe. Ukutyhubela imbali, iye itshintshe indawo yayo kwaye umzila. Delta uhlobo mihla abunjwe malunga ngenkulungwane III, xa ijelo endala akazange akwazi ukumelana yokunyuka wamanzi. Kule minyaka eli-130 edluleyo, kwanciphisa inqanaba oLwandle lweCaspian. Ngenxa yoko, ngeli thuba le ndawo olwandle liye landa nge-9 amaxesha.

Ngasechwebeni iVolga lowo umzi lokugqibela phezu komlambo - Astrakhan. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kwiziqithi elinanye nakumphezulu ogudle.

Power Nendlela

River iVolga, indawo geographical yayo kuxoxwa ngentla, phambi kokuba ukwakhiwa amadama luphawulwa ukuhla okubonakalayo kwinqanaba (ngezantsi emlonyeni Kama zifika-17 m). Namhlanje, amathontsi ezinkulu ezifana ukuchitheka ukuba anayenza.

Uninzi ngamandla komlambo iwela ikhephu-kwamanzi (60%). indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo kwakhona ukudlala imvula (10%), kunye nomhlaba (30%) "olungenayo". Kuwo wonke unyaka iVolga udlula utshintshwano eziliqela ezilandelelanayo. Entwasahlobo (Epreli ukuya kuJuni) yezikhukula. Xa ihlobo nobusika komgangatho umlambo abahlukene lifinyele. Ekwindla (idla ngo-Oktobha) kukho imvula izikhukula.

Kwiinyanga zikhuthazayo ubushushu amanzi emlanjeni ifikelela 25º. IVolga ngumkhenkce ezikumntla nophakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngoNovemba, emazantsi - de December. Free womkhenkce emlanjeni nje phambi Astrakhan (ngoMatshi). IVolga eliphezulu yaye inxalenye ephantsi Kamyshino wavula kwisiqingatha sokuqala ka-Aprili. Inxalenye yale umlambo xa iphuma azabi yasebusika phakathi kwale nyanga.

imithombo yendalo

IVolga kwimephu ligubungela intsimi enkulu. Isebenza nge kwindawo ehlathini, emathafeni kunye emathafeni. River ukususela kumaxesha amandulo eyaziwa izibonelelo iintlanzi zayo. Ulikhaya bream, Roach, Intlanzi, zeCARP, catfish, Pike. Ngelishwa, ukwakhiwa zokugcina nongcoliseko amanzi ungakuvumeli ukuba uyayilondoloza yonke le yantlukwano. Xa ogudle ye iVolga River Reserve yasekwa. On nommandla wayo ukususela ngowe-1919 iye izityalo ezizodwa nezilwanyana phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. Phakathi kwabo, Lotus, Intlanzi, pelicans, flamingos.

IVolga (indawo wejografi, ingakumbi ukutya, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana unique) ngoku kakuhle. Kunye nokuqonda tshintsho luza kwenzeka umfula lonke ixesha lokudla kwayo, omnye uba wazi iingxaki ezinxulumene nazo. Namhlanje, umlambo Russian enkulu abafuna ukwenzelwa ukukhusela ubutyebi babo. Ngethamsanqa, liyanda inani labantu niqalise ukuqonda ingozi iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. Kokuba ezithenjiweyo, ke ngoko, ukuba uhlobo elikhethekileyo nobuhle kwiindonga iVolga bahlala njalo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.