Ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic Ocean: iimpawu kunye nenkcazelo

Ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic zixhomekeke lobushushu, etyuwa kunye nezinye izinto okuluphawu amanzi kule nxalenye iSebe lezoKhuselo. Iimeko ngenxa yomphefumlo eziphilayo zahlukile kakhulu ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Ngoko ke, kukho indawo zizityebi bezibonelelo zendalo Atlantic, kwaye kwiindawo abampofu apho inani lweentlobo zezilwanyana kwi amashumi kunokuba amakhulu.

Indima eziphilayo kwindawo MO entsonkothileyo yendalo

Ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic Ocean kwenzeka nomthelela obonakalayo ummandla wamanzi-elide umgama ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Ukwahluka lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo kuchaphazela iindawo ezinkulu kweshelfu lizwekazi, ukuqengqeleka ezweni kunye nezinye izinto zendalo. isithuba Sea, ezantsi kwaye begudle zibe likhaya kumawakawaka eziphilayo ezivela izikumkani ezahlukeneyo zendalo Umhlaba. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana - yeendima ezibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo zendalo. Baya lokuzibona impembelelo kwemozulu, ubume amanzi kunye neempawu zeengxondorha wabhala emazantsi. Ngenxa yoko, ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic Ocean iphembelela amanye amacandelo yendalo:

• ulwelwe sicebise amanzi oksijini;
• nokuphefumla kwezityalo nezilwanyana kukhokelela ekwandeni isiqulatho carbon dioxide;
• kwamathambo nwe coelenterates zenza isiseko lezixhobo ezabo;
• eziphilayo ukufunxa amanzi avela iityuwa izimbiwa, ukunciphisa inani labo.

Organic Atlantic World (ngokufutshane)

Iqondo lobushushu kunye etyuwa zibaluleke kakhulu izidalwa eziphilayo ezincinane ezakha ezincinane kwakunye nezityalo. Ezi ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo ukuba Nekton - izilwanyana, free-idada kwikholam emanzini. Iimpawu uncedo kwithala kunye nesampula uzimisele ezimpilweni eziphilayo benthic - benthos. Phakathi kweli qela, kukho ezininzi i coelenterates ezineqokobhe. Kukho eziliqela iinkalo ubume iintlobo, eziphawula ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic Ocean. Iifoto kwintsele yolwandle, eboniswe ngezantsi, inika ithuba lokuba babone iintlobo ngeentlobo benthos kwi ezinezinga nefumileyo yaye emvula. amanzi ukuloba Rich zivalelwe kwiindawo okunzulu ukuvelisa kwizidalwa imimandla ephakathi yaye eshushu. Kule mimandla kukho iintlobo zaselwandle kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle. ezinezinga eliphezulu ngasentla nangasezantsi yokwanda iintaka ezahlukeneyo apho phezu kwamanzi, ezamahala ice, kunye amathanga nokuzalana nakha elunxwemeni.

zondla

ulwelwe kwiseli ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ezincinane. Eli qela libandakanya diatoms, blue-eluhlaza, flagellates kunye nezinye izinto emincinane ekwaziyo zefotosinthesisi. Bona bahlala kwikholam amanzi ukuya ubunzulu 100 m, kodwa loxinano obubona iqatshelwe m yokuqala-50 ukusuka kumphezulu wayo. Ubunzulu radiation solar kwezi nyanga zishushu kukhokelela ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza ziiphytoplankton - "eqhubela 'amanzi kwisibanzi epholileyo ezibandayo ye-Atlantic Ocean.

izityalo ezinkulu

Photosynthesizing, ulele oluhlaza obomvu mdaka kunye nezinye iintlobo enezityalo MO - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo zendalo. Ngenxa izityalo abafumana mpilo ukuphefumla kunye nezondlo ihlabathi ephilayo iphela Atlantic Ocean. Uluhlu kohlaza komhlaba okanye phytobenthos ibandakanya kungekuphela ulele, kodwa abameli angiosperms bebeziqhelanisa eziphila emanzini ityuwa, ezifana ukuzalwa Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Ezi "ingca yaselwandle" bakhetha uhlobo imihlaba ezithambileyo sublittoral kubunzulu ka-30 ukuya kuma-50 m amadlelo kwamanzi.

abameli imifuziselo izilwanyana kweshelfu lizwekazi nemimandla ezibandayo kunye nowobulali kumacala omabini kweikhweyitha - kelp, ulele obomvu (whelk). Bona apha nasemaweni ezantsi amatye single. izityalo Marine kwindawo eshushu ka ahlwempuzekileyo ngenxa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye elihlala livelile omkhulu.
ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho ulwelwe:

• brown (kelp) - kudliwe bakhonze ngenxa ayodini, potassium kunye algin;
• ulwelwe red - izinto ukutya kunye zamayeza namashishini;
• brown Sargassum ulwelwe - umthombo algin.

zooplankton

Zondla izilwanyana kunye bacterium ukutya izilwanyana herbivorous ezincinane. Ncokola indiza kwikholam emanzini, baya kwenza zooplankton. Oku kusekelwe phezu abameli intle yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe. Ezinkulu angena esezansi kunye macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, jellyfish, izilwanyana, Shrimp kunye neentlanzi ezincinane).

Nekton and benthos

Kukho iqela elikhulu eziphilayo elwandle, nako ukumelana uxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kumhlathi yakhe. Ezi zakhono babe izilwanyana zolwandle eliphakathi kunye nobukhulu enkulu.

• Kwezilwanyana. Ilungu kule uhlobo olunganeno lwe Shrimp, oononkala kunye lobster.
• Yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe. abameli imifuziselo qela - scallops, iimbaza, iimbatyisi, squid kunye octopuses.
• Fish. General and iintsapho superclass zezona zininzi kakhulu - anchovies, ookrebe, plaice, sprat, salmon, bass ulwandle, capelin, yedwa, Pollock, haddock, halibut, sardines, herring, mackerel, cod, tuna, hake.
• Ezirhubuluzayo. abameli A ezimbalwa - Ufudo yolwandle.
• Birds. Ukufuna ukutya emanzini, oonombombiya, iialbatross, petrels.
• nezilwanyana zaselwandle. Vysokorganizovannye izilwanyana - dolphins, iminenga, seals, seals.

Isiseko yezilwanyana benthic phezulu, ekhokelela ezantsi ndlela eqhotyoshelweyo yobomi, ezifana coelenterates (neekorale).

Iimpawu lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana iAtlantic

1. Kumntla kwaye akumazantsi isitya iphawulwa phambi izilwanyana eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwisizukulwana.
2. uhlobo a bit ezincinane, kodwa ubunzima lilonke ufikelela amaxabiso yayintle, ingakumbi kummandla kwimozulu epholileyo. Kugcwele diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods kunye copepods (krill).
3. kwemveliso eziphilayo High - uphawu ubonakalise iimpawu zehlabathi somgquba Atlantic Ocean. kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka lexinene ubomi emanzini kufutshane nesiqithi Newfoundland, amanzi ukuya kumzantsi-ntshona nomntla-ntshona kunxweme Afrika, iilwandle ebekiwe kanye kwimpuma United States Ubude bethuba, South America.
4. zone Tropical, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, - ummandla ezimbi ukuze izilwanyana.
5. Nekton imveliso i-Atlantic Ocean kweshelfu kwaye yelizwekazi ithambeka ingaphezulu kwiindawo ezifanayo iilwandlekazi ezikufutshane. fish eyinhloko ukuba adle ezinyosini kunye zooplankton (anchovy, herring, mackerel, horse mackerel, kunye nabanye). Xa amanzi ezivulekileyo kufuneka tuna ukubaluleka yorhwebo.
6. Ukuqhama iintlobo ezanyisayo - enye iimpawu zehlabathi iinyamakazi Atlantic Ocean. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, baye izalwe intshabalalo elibalulekileyo, inani lihlile.
7. polyp azikho njengokuba nabo bahlukahlukene kwi Pacific Basin. Hayi kuphela iinyoka elwandle, Ufudo.

Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezicacisa ezininzi ezi mpawu okuluphawu ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic Ocean. Le kwisigqibo konke oku kungentla kubonisa oku kulandelayo: izizathu umahluko enxulumene ububanzi encinane Atlantic kwindawo eshushu, ukwanda kwiingingqi epholileyo ezibandayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Pacific and Oceans zamaNdiya ubungakanani mkhulu kule ndawo. Enye into nempembelelo yokuhlwempuzeka izilwanyana ubushushu-bothando Atlantic - impembelelo glaciation wokugqibela, nto leyo ebangele kobubi ebalulekileyo eMntla saseNtla.

Ihlabathi somgquba Atlantic: iindawo zokuloba

ezinezinga epholileyo kwaye yetropika kwi zifaka ezisemantla kunye nakumazantsi usisityebi ebomini. Phakathi kweentlobo zeentlanzi izinto ezinexabiso loshishino, - anchovies, pollack, tuna, cod, hake, kunye nabanye. Oku geni ezanyisayo: Iminenga kunye neengonyama ulwandle. Ezinye iintlobo izibonelelo zebhayoloji zimelwe izilwanyana, intlanzi, ulele omdaka kunye ebomvu. Ocean Izityalo abondliwayo ezifuywayo kunye processing mveliso. Uninzi squid aba uju, ethandwa ekhitshini kwamazwe amaninzi (iimbatyisi, squid, octopus, scallops). Uphawu efanayo elinokunikwa izilwanyana intlanzi, kuquka lobster, laseMqonci kunye oononkala.

Fishing kunye nemveliso nentlanzi ngokunzima olwenziwe kweshelfu kunye kummandla kwithambeka lizwekazi. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje ababandakanyekayo ejikeleza kwezoqoqosho iwunyakamise kwiindawo ngaphambili ezehlela impembelelo hayi namandla anthropogenic. Ngoko ke, zimbi iingxaki zokusingqongileyo nje kuphela kwimimandla yonxweme, kodwa yonke ulwandle.