Ulele Foliated: inkcazo, iimpawu, isakhiwo neempawu

Ulele na iqela relationship of nomngundo, ulele eluhlaza kunye icyanobacteria. Igama livela yokufana eziphilayo kwimbonakalo yabo ezinye izifo zezikhumba, aze aguqulele kwisiLatini ngokuba "tile."

inkcazelo symbiotes

Basisasaza kulo lonke elo lizwe, kwaye zikhule kakuhle ngokufanayo ezibandayo namageduka enamatye kwaye koozintlango ashushu. umbala yabo ibe imibala zahlukahlukene kakhulu: obomvu, otyheli, omhlophe, oluhlaza, omdaka, omnyama. Le indlela ukuyilwa ulele akukaqondwa kakuhle. Kodwa ngokuchaneka sinokuthi nokudaleka abachatshazelwa yi kwelanga. Kukho crustose, ulele enamathyolo kunye foliated. Thallus kuqala ifana uqweqwe, enamathela zeendawana. Bona mancinci (2-3 cm), hlanganisa nabanye ukukhula phezu imithi, amatye ukwenza conglomerates enobubanzi kwamashumi cm. Zaziya - eziphilayo phambili ngakumbi ezikhula nkqo, kwaye ukufikelela iimitha eziliqela ukuphakama. Kodwa kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha iintlobo wesibini eziphilayo, imbonakalo kunye nolwakhiwo ulele foliated efana kwabo amagqabi uhlobo yemithi.

Zeziphi izinto kwesakhiwo luqulathe

Thallus okanye thallus - ukuba yinxalenye oononye ezineseli okanye multicellular umngundo, ubulembu kunye ulele. Ukuba thelekisa kunye nezityalo, kuba uYesu ukuba isebe babo eluhlaza. Le thallus okanye abe ligqabi-zaziya.

GIFA - Iziseko filamentary, ngokungathi yesigcawu. It is a multi-core kunye multi-zeselula. Kwaye eyenzelwe nokufunxwa izondlo, amanzi kunye ngathi web zingasetyenziswa ukubamba ezinye izinto eziphilayo (umz, amarhamncwa umngundo).

Zeendawana - wobuso apho into inxulumene. Yena kwakhona izimfimfithi-ezinye izityalo kunye ulele.

Imbonakalo foliated ulele

Le thallus babe imilo ajikelezayo, amagqabi-emile kunye nepleyiti-ezimile, maxa wambi eziquka omnye okanye iindawo ezininzi. A hyphae ukukhula emancamini okanye ngaphaya kwalo mgama wesangqa. ulele Foliose babe kwipleyiti ifomu sloevidnoy ibekwe kwi ngendlela zeendawana tye. ifomu thallus Ukuchaneka kuxhomekeke kumphezulu zeendawana. Yintoni eyenza kube kanye ngakumbi, i Bole ngeenxa wayeza ukufana ulele.

It encamathele ukuya ezantsi kwayo uncedwa isiqu elifutshane elingqingqwa, ibekwe esizikithini thallus. Sama plate bepali angekho ngaphezulu 20-30 cm kakhulu ubukhulu kunye bulishica. Umthunzi ngayo ingahluka okuluhlaza eziluhlaza okanye grey esintsundu namnyama. Bekhula ngokucothayo kakhulu, kodwa foliated ulele ngokukhawuleza kancinci ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo. Ukongeza, ukuba ixesha elide. Ezinye amagqabi ezingaphezu kwewaka leminyaka. Kukho unxulumano ngqo phakathi zeendawana kunye ubude bobomi nokungakwazi ulele.

isakhiwo

ulele Foliated thallus benomlinganiselo ezimbini, ngenxa yokuba ubume babo dorsovertralnym. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka ube kumgangatho phezulu nasezantsi. Inxalenye engentla erhabaxa okanye agudileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ligqunywe protuberances, tubercles kunye warthogs isiliya. Kwi emazantsi kukho imizimba, apho ulele edityaniswe zeendawana. Ngokutsho isakhiwo, kwakhona zibe mpuluswa okanye rough. Omabini amaqela akanjalo ifomu kuphela kodwa ngamandla umbala.

Phantsi neemicroscope, distinguishable ngokucacileyo ezine maleko eziphambili yokwakheka:

• inkomo eliphezulu;
• ingca yolwandle;
• core;
• inkomo asezantsi.

ulele Foliated ukuba lathamba incamathele komhlaba zeendawana kwaye ngokulula wazahlula kulo. Ke phakathi thallus kunye nesiseko unika airbag. It uyasondla ioksijini ziyinxalenye ulele, ekuqhubeni exchange igesi, kwaye kunegalelo nokwanda kunye nokugcinwa ukufuma. Kuqhotyoshelwe Hyphae ke organelles ezikhethekileyo - rhizoid.

Thallus yirekhodi enye, ngoko ke monofilament, okanye kwiiseli ezininzi ekuthiwa polifilnym. Owokugqibela imilenze, isiseko lwabo ngokuqinileyo ukuya kumphezulu, ngoko ke ukubambelela Bole phezu zeendawana. Abangoyikiyo nje yimimoya, iinkanyamba kunye nezinye yesimo sezulu. Thallus kungenziwa dissected libe zizabelo, wonqanyulwa, emiphethweni, yahlulelwe kwii isithinzi. Ngamanye amaxesha imbonakalo ulele ufana web entsokothileyo lace ilaphu.

ukwanda

ulele Foliated ezikhula kwiindawo apho kukho inani elikhulu imvula iwela. Kulula ukuba zifumaneka zonke kwilizwekazi, kuquka Antarctica, nokuba ezibandayo. Bangakwazi kubekwa amatye ezingenanto kunye namatye, phezu ngeziqu imithi namatyholo, kwizikhondo moss-igqunyiweyo, phezu izakhiwo endala lwezakhiwo. Bekhula ecaleni kweendlela, kwi imigxobhozo, imiphetho amahlathi kunye amadlelo ezomileyo. Ngokusisiseko, Indawo yabo indawo kwaye amaxesha ngenxa ukukhethwa zeendawana. Xa ulele komgangatho wemo engqongileyo etshintsha rhoqo umbala kufutshane emnyama hina. Eziphilayo emhlabeni ukukhula ngakumbi sisihlwitha, eziquka iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ezi ziquka adle moss (cladonia amahlathi).

ulele Types foliated

Emhlabeni wonke, batwabulule phezu kwamawaka 25. Ulele. Ukuba wohlula eziphilayo kwi zeendawana apho bakhetha ukuba encamatheleyo, kungaba:

• Of Ground - ibekwe kumhlaba okanye isanti (umz, brown Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - edityaniswe amatye, amatye (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - ikhula imithi namatyholo, ubukhulu becala phezu kwamagqabi nezikhondo (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - ibekwe iyasetyenzelwa abafileyo, kwizikhondo ngaphandle amaxolo, iindonga zezakhiwo ezindala (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba sodidi efanayo ingaquka zombini iindidi thalli foliated, kunye siziinduli, okanye iifom ephakathi.

ulele Parmelee

Ngokutsho isakhiwo yayo yangaphakathi sifana kakhulu ukuya nobulembu eluhlaza. ubuso bawo abe tyheli, amdaka phambi inclusions eluhlaza, abamnyama nabamhlophe. Rhode Parmelee - ulele foliose, olubandakanya malunga 90 eentlobo, kuphela kummandla Russia, iye isikwe kwindawo ezinkulu thallium. iincakuba yayo ibe zombini ayemxinwa kunye abanzi. It ukhula kakuhle ngokufanayo phezu ngeziqu imithi namatye, oko akufundisayo imeko angcolisekileyo ezidolophini. Imilo yale ephilayo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kangangokuba kungqina ukuba ulele zihlelwa kuphela imbonakalo akusoloko kungcono. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umgubo evela Parmelee wasetyenziswa ukuze ayeke igazi enezilonda. Kwakhona, idityaniswa ngumgubo, ukuze awukhusele kwizinambuzane nokwandisa ithuba lokugcinwa.

ulele Foliated, abamagama sizimisele kuphela isakhiwo kunye nemilo, kodwa ke aura zokuhlala, iimbono zeendawana zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Uninzi lwabo zisetyenziswa yokudla. Imikhulu yaye zinikwa iinkomo ezincinane. Kutshanje powder zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengoko ongeziweyo ukutya okumisele pharmaceuticals. Tsetrarii, umzekelo, ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa anti-isifo sorhudo, ukukhuthaza amajoni omzimba, normalizes wokugaya, kwaye iyinxenye amachiza amaninzi antiviral.