Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve: iindawo ezinika, iifoto

Le yenye amadlelo abadumileyo kwibhotwe ikomkhulu lethu wasentla. Nyaka ngamnye amawaka abakhenkethi beza Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve kwisixeko Pavlovsk itsala abakhaya bethu nje kuphela, kodwa iindwendwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Kwaye kungekho sizathu: kukho into ukuze ubone.

The State Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia): Imbali

I yokuhlala kakhulu lokuqala kula mazwe ukuvela phakathi kwenkulungwane XIII. Yaba "eKapa Slavyanka" inqaba. Kwinkulungwane XVIII kwakukho kwilali Finnish Seppel kunye Lynn. UKumkanikazi uCatherine Omkhulu, ukutyelela ezikufuphi Tsarskoye Selo, weza ukuzingela apha. Kuba iikota bakhe izindlu ezimbini ngomthi ezazakhiwe ngezinto amagama zasemzini - Krak kunye Crick. Eyokuqala yatshiswa ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa sixeko awayephantsi amaJamani, kwaye eyesibini ngenxa dilapidation wachithwa ngo-1929.

NgoDisemba 1777 UCatherine II Wabanika eli lizwe (362 acres) yonke imizana kunye nabantu wonyana - noPavel Petrovich kunye nomfazi wakhe Maria Feodorovna emva kokuzalwa komntwana wabo wokuqala - elizayo Russian uKhesare Alexander I.

Emva konyaka (ngo-1778) zakhiwa khona ezimbini ubukhulu kunokuba wayengaphakamanga ebhotwe - Paullust kunye Mariental. Kuninzi kamva kwisiza yayakhiwe Paullust Pavlovsk Palace, indawo Mariental wathabatha bip Fortress.

UPawulos ngo 1786 waqala ukwakha Pavlovsk Palace. Umbhali Project waba uCharles Cameron. Ekuqaleni kowe-1796 , mna Pawulos gunya ubume kwilali dolophu. Ngowe-1788, i-koMlawuli, owayesele ngaphambili bezisoloko Gatchina, wabanika ilifa kaMaria Feodorovna - umfazi wakhe.

Ngowe-1801, emva kokufa komlawuli, Maria Feodorovna wayehlala ukuma ebhotweni ngexesha efudumeleyo. Zombini ibhotwe kunye park igcina iikona ezininzi ezinxulumene negama lakhe. Umzekelo, igadi okanye ihlukane ngumnquba enhle epinki. Ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe ka 1812 kwinkumanda yomkhosi umzi iye edume Pet Ivanovich Bagration.

Emva kokufa Maria Feodorovna (1828) Pavlovsk waba yipropathi Grand Duke uMikhail Pavlovich, umzalwana uNicholas I. Ngelo xesha, Pavlovsk aza yakhiwe kwaye ixhotyiswe zezi mini: Eleninskaya ngekota yakhiwa, kuhlelwe sisikolo Alexander apho abantwana bafunda kunye nabakumgangatho ophakathi lamaKanan, kunye kwikhaya leenkedama.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, isixeko Pavlovsk yaba liziko inkcubeko somculo: kwakukho isikhululo umculo odumileyo. Ngaloo minyaka kwakukho abaqambi badla abaninzi abadumileyo kunye neemvumi. Ukususela ngelo xesha, Pavlovsk wakhethwa balimi.

Emva kokuba revolution 1917 , esi sixeko ngokutsha in Slutsk. Ngoko ke kwathiwa de 1944. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II Pavlovsk ilawulwa amajoni amaNazi. Dvorets Pavla ngexesha kokurhoxa amaJamani yatshiswa, kwaye epakini ngexesha umsebenzi wagawulwa imithi ngaphezulu kwe 60,000. ezikhumbuzo ezixabisekileyo zembali bokwakha yatshabalala.

Igama yembali yesixeko babuya ngo-1944. Emva kwemfazwe kwagqitywa ukubeka nokubuyiselwa. Wawuqala de kwangowe-1973.

Ngowe-1989 Pavlovsk yaqukwa kwi-UNESCO lwezinto ezixabisekileyo. Namhlanje, 42 ebekelwe bucala into mazikhuselwe ngurhulumente kwaye kweenkcubeko ezikhumbuzo zembali. Pavlovsk - kwiziko babakhenkethi, nto leyo watyelela ngonyaka ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi sabantu.

Pavlovsk Palace

Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia), abakhenkethi niqalise ukufunda kwesi ngombala legolide ebhotwe emhlophe. Yakhelwe phezu lomlanjana Slavyanka womzobi odumileyo Charles Cameron ngenkulungwane XVIII. Pavlovsk Palace siyabonakala naphi phakathi komzi, ipaka. Eflethini central umzimba igcwalisiwe yi amajukujuku flat 64 ezifakwe phezu kwemiqadi eyayixhaswa ziintsika. , neegalari kwivaranda wacofa sakhiwo engundoqo kunye isakhiwo sezolawulo. Ezi zenza eyadini ukuba imilo intsimbi yehashe.

Akufika etroneni, noPawulos ndiyamazi, Pavlovsk kwathiwa ngokusesikweni yokuhlala asebukhosini lizwe. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII yi womzobi V. Brenna lwaqhutywa ukwandisa komkhulu.

Ngaphezu imizimba esemthethweni baba zakhiwa imigangatho yesibini. Bakha amaphiko amabini omise, leyo ziphantse zivalwe eyadini. More on komnye igalari rose nenkundla. Ngaphandle kwezi nguqu, isakhiwo usembindini bhotwe yeyona nto iphambili kweli kuqulunqo. Zihlanjiwe ubabalo kunye nobukhulu.

Iimpawu lwemithombo

C. Cameron ekhethiweyo imiqolo ezimhlophe eyona elementi lokubhalela. Bona Zazihonjiswe lwefacade kwesakhiwo, zakha gallery entle ngaphandle, ukholosile ukuxhasa lwesakhiwo. Ukongeza ilungu zaseprayimari oluxonxiweyo ezikhethiweyo amagqabi ezingcakacileyo acanthus owawukuDonga, leyo encircles isakhiwo siphela, kwakunye ezintathu medallion kunye BAS-isiqabu imikrolo umfanekiso yimizekeliso, ukwakha kunye nokupeyinta kwi olungaphambili main.

Asanda kwakhiwa izindlu Brenna ezihonjiswe moldings sistucco - izithsaba kunye nabanini Monograms ebhotwe. Kuphela iziphelo amaphiko Wamisa Intanethi eziquka columns yentsimbi. Kubonakala ngathi ukuze uvule isango ekundleni. Le isisombululo compositional ukuba ukunxibelelanisa izakhiwo ezitsha kwaye ubudala lomculo enye.

Isigodlo kwinkulungwane XIX

Abakhi uYohane. Quarenghi kunye Voronihin ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX bagqiba uyilo olungaphambili ebhotwe. Ngeli xesha, zinevaranda marble kunye balustrades ibhalkhoni. Ngowe-1807, P. Gonzaga ifihle omnye Udonga Igalari esekelwe. Ibonisa Iiveranda kunye nezakhiwo ngezinyuko omkhulukazi. Le gallery iye wangena kwimbali izakhiwo Russian ekuthiwa igalari Gonzaga. Yayingeyiyo Carlo Rossi ngo-1822 ezithunyelwe kwithala bakhe iiwindow original enhle. kwengeniso zefilosofi zasekwa therebetween.

park Pridvortsovy

Ukudalwa yale paka ekhethekileyo kwaqala ngo-1780 kwidolophu ekuthiwa Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve namhlanje ngumzekelo zobungangamela landscape art. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinto yokuba kusekwe i-Pavlovsk lomculo edlalwa umyili uCharles Cameron. Wadala kwixesha kwiiprojekthi 1782 ukuya 1807 ukuba kwakhiwa bayiminquba kunye kwivaranda-Apolo, Grand Cascade, kwikholam "Kuphela of the World". Xa imizobo yakhe wazihombisa epakini Kentavrovym, mnenga kunye Bridge Black.

Kakhulu angafaniyo izixhobo park ukwamkelwa kwisixeko efana Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve (okanye mandithi, yinxalenye yale paka) ngoku esiyi yi yokwakha sixeko, ukuze xa efikelela kuyo Slavyanka phantse aqhagamishelana umzi. inxalenye yawo malungana kudlulela ityholo ezingqongileyo.

Imithi etyalwe kwi epakini, ukuze Private Garden kunye kwamaphiko ibhotwe phantse ezingabonakaliyo. Imbonakalo entle kakhulu ukususela Iveranda kwi kwibhotwe ingqongwe amaqela yemithi.

igadi Private

On zonke abakhenkethi abatyelela Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve yenza udumo kakhulu. Enye yezona ndawo eliligugu Pavlovsk Park ephakamileyo kuthathwa ngokuba Private Garden. Le sise Pavlovsk Palace, nawayenxuse emagumbini uKumkanikazi Maria Feodorovna. Ndimele ndithi ukuba wayeyazi kakuhle kakhulu kule iintyatyambo, yaye bakwazi ukuqokelela ingqokelela elikhulu kunene kubo.

igadi zabucala indlela le iigadi ezincinane Dutch kunye nesiFrentshi kunye umyezo e epakini. Bangaphandle ukuba intsimi akuvumelekanga, nasemyezweni apho bekukho indawo yokuphumla bemikhosi ebhotwe. Xa ekwicala elingasemazantsi kwe-gadi, phezu ukuwasa phezulu, Ndamthanda ukusebenza uPawulos I.

izityalo ezininzi ezinqabileyo zaye watyala egadini. Bathi okwentyatyambo rhoqo, omnye emva komnye. Igadi unegama yesibini - "indlu Flora".

Yamangcwaba of Paul I

Enye umtsalane, obakhe Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve epakini i lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo - le yamangcwaba uPawulos I. Asinto engcwabeni soMhlekazi. NoPawulos, wangcwatyelwa St. Petersburg kwi uPetros noPawulos Cathedral.

Kwileta eya Dowager uKumkanikazi ke ithi "ilitye lesikhumbuzo" kwaye isivumelwano kunye wezakhiwo uCarlo Visconti, yena kuluhlu njenge "itempile". igama layo ngoku - i Umakhi of noPawulos, okanye Umakhi zeqabane-injinga. Esi sakhiwo - yayiligalelo umlawuli ngumfazi wakhe.

Ukuvela lwe open-air museum

Ukuphonononga ye Museum-Reserve "Pavlovsk" (Russia) linokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: sonke ukuba batyelele le ndawo amazing ukuthetha malunga imifanekiso eliqaqambileyo yohambo. Iindwendwe ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona imali encinane yasebhotwe, oko ngobambana kwi ubuhle bayo nobutyebi yomhombiso. Yona epakini, oko iqulethe zonke iindwendwe bakhululeke kakhulu: uhlobo yeyokukhulisa, iindawo kakuhle abanembeko, Iintyatyambo ezintle zegadi abucala lusiza.