Igalelo iBhayiloji Karla Linneya (ngokufutshane). Yintoni igalelo kuphuhliso eziphilayo uKarl Linney yaziswa?

Isazinzulu Outstanding Karl Linney wazalwa ngo-1707 eSweden. I omkhulu owaziwa ngokuba nkqubo yokuhlelwa yehlabathi ophilileyo. Yaba ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba lonke biology. Le umphandi wayehamba kakhulu ehlabathini lonke. Igalelo Karla Linneya eziphilayo kananjalo kuchazwe kwinkcazelo intlaninge yeendima ezibalulekileyo kunye ngokoMthetho.

Esakhula

Inzala kuzo izityalo kunye zonke izinto eziphilayo elizweni a Karl omncinane wabonakala kwabantwana abaselula kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba uyise wanyamekela igadi zabucala emva kwendlu. Umntwana kunjalo uwuthandayo zezityalo iboniswa kwizifundo zakhe. Abazali bakhe babevela iintsapho zababingeleli. Zombini uyise nonina wayefuna ukuba ngumfundisi Carl. Noko ke, unyana embi imfundo yezenkolo. Endaweni yoko, wachitha ixesha lakhe nanceba ukufunda izityalo.

Abazali ekuqaleni uqaphele wathabatha ukuzenza nonyana. Kodwa ekugqibeleni wavuma ukuba Carl waya kufunda kwagqirha. Ngo-1727 waye University of Lund, yaye kamva kunyaka kudluliselwa University of Uppsala, leyo ezinkulu kwaye zindala ngakumbi. Apho wadibana ne-Peter Artedi. abafana baye baba ngabahlobo kakhulu. Bebonke benze uhlaziyo ulwahlulohlulo ekhoyo kwinzululwazi.

Kwakhona Karl Linney ndaqhelana Professor Olof Celsius. Le ntlanganiso kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sisazinzulu abatsha. Celsius waba iqabane lakhe kunye uncedo ngamaxesha anzima. Igalelo Karla Linneya eziphilayo kuso kuphela emva kwakhe, nkqu ulutsha. Umzekelo, kule minyaka, wapapasha ngodaba yakhe yokuqala, apho elungiselelwe inkqubo ngesondo kwezityalo.

semvelo ojikelezayo

Ngowe-1732 Karl Linney waya eLapland. Olu hambo bekuqhutywa iinjongo eziliqela. Le Isazinzulu wayefuna ukutyebisa ulwazi lwabo namava practical. theory kunye nophando elide ezindongeni lwekhabhinethi ayikwazanga kuqhubeka ngonaphakade.

ILapland - kwiphondo ngqwabalala kumantla Finland, ngelo xesha eyayiyinxalenye Sweden. Yokukhetheka kwalo ilizwe enezityalo nezilwanyana alwaziwa baseYurophu eziqhelekileyo ngexesha ezinqabileyo. Linnaeus yedwa iinyanga ezintlanu zohambo emphethweni kude, ukwenza uphando kwizityalo, izilwanyana kunye neeminerali. Umphumo waba kohambo herbarium ndijonge eqokelelwe semvelo. Uninzi avuleke ezikhethekileyo nangaziwayo kwinzululwazi. Karl Linney waqala yazo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Oku kwamnceda naye kwixesha elizayo. Emva uhambo, wapapasha imisebenzi eziliqela enikelwe kwindalo, izityalo, izilwanyana njalo njalo .. Ezi zincwadi ziye ithandwa kakhulu eSweden. Ngenxa Carl Linnaeus lizwe ukufunda okuninzi ngam.

Kwakunxibelelene nesibakala sokuba sisazinzulu iye yapapashwa iinkcazelo ngenkcazo zemihla ngemihla kunye nezithethe Sami. kubantu abakude babephila kangangeenkulungwane kwi Far North, phantse akukho ukuqhagamshelana nabanye yempucuko. Uninzi amanqaku Linnaeus ingakumbi umdla namhlanje nje ubomi wokuqala ngoko abemi North kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Objects Sami, izityalo, amaqokobhe kunye neetyuwa abayiqokeleleyo uhambo, waba sisiseko lokuqokelela enabileyo kwinkqubela-nzulu. Yena othe de ukufa kwakhe. Ekubeni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, wathi kuyo yonke waqokelela zakudala ezithi ke ngoko egcinwe ngenyameko. Kumalunga-19 amawaka izityalo, izinambuzane, 3000, amakhulu izimbiwa, amaqokobhe nekorale. Eli lifa ubonisa indlela omkhulu igalelo Karla Linneya eziphilayo (ingakumbi ngenxa yobudala bakhe).

"Le nkqubo semvelo"

Ngowe-1735, "Inkqubo semvelo" yapapashwa eNetherlands. Lo msebenzi we Linnaeus isivuno sakhe eziphambili kunye nempumelelo. Wababela nemvelo iinxalenye eziliqela kwaye usinike ukuhlelwa lonke ihlabathi ophilileyo. nokuhlelwa Zoological ecetywayo kushicilelo yeshumi yokuphila kwakhe ngayo umbhali, banikwe ngayo amagama yenzululwazi unikezelo olundidi mbini. Ngoku zisetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. Bona abhalwe kwisiLatini ukubonisa indlela nodidi izilwanyana.

Ngokusebenzisa le ncwadi kuzo zonke nenzululwazi (hayi kuphela zezilwanyana okanye Botany) enobungangamsha indlela ecwangcisiweyo. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo uneempawu ukuba athethwa ubukumkani (umzekelo, izilwanyana), iqela, uhlobo, iintlobo njalo njalo. D. Igalelo Karla Linneya eziphilayo Kunzima ukuba zazi. Kuphela xa ubomi umbhali, le ncwadi izihlandlo ezili-13 (ezongeziweyo qete kwaye ukucacise) sapapashwa.

"Plant Species"

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isityalo uthando ekhethekileyo sisazinzulu Swedish. Botany ke aniqeqeshwa, azinikezele imisebenzi yabo abaphandi ezininzi eqaqambileyo, kuquka uKarl Linney. Igalelo inzululwazi biology semvelo eziboniswe kwincwadi "iintlobo zezityalo 'yakhe. Uye uvele print ngo-1753 kwaye yahlulwa imiqulu emibini. Uhlelo waba sisiseko bonke nokuhlelwa kwamva nje Botany.

Le ncwadi iqulethe iinkcazelo eneenkcukacha zonke iintlobo ezaziwayo kwinzululwazi ngelo xesha. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa uhlelo zokuzala (i pistil kunye istameni). I "iintlobo zezityalo" nokuhlelwa ekhatywayo nth ingcambu iye yasetyenziswa isetyenziswe imisebenzi yangaphambili sisazinzulu ngempumelelo. Emva kopapasho lokuqala elandelwa owesibini, awafika basebenza ngqo uKarl Linney. Igalelo biology, ngokufutshane ezichazwe zonke iincwadi zezifundo, inzululwazi wenze le uthandwa kakhulu. Linnaeus washiya kwabeMi abafundi baqhubeka umsebenzi kootitshala ngempumelelo. Umzekelo, uKarl Vildenov emva kokufa yombhali iye wongezelela le ncwadi, esekelwe kwimigaqo ephuhliswe semvelo Swedish. Yintoni umnikelo biology uKarl Linney waqalisa, yaye namhlanje ngundoqo kule isayensi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe uKarl Linney kwakungenakwenzeka nocalu. Ngowe-1774 yeneminyaka ukopha ebuchotsheni, ngenxa apho umphandi elele elukhukweni enedumbe ngokuyinxenye. Emva kokuba kukubethwa yesibini, yena waphulukana inkumbulo wakhe, wafa kungekudala emva koko. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1778. Ngexesha ubomi Linnaeus waba sisazinzulu elaziwayo nebhongo lesizwe. Ke wangcwatywa yecawa ka Uppsala Cathedral, apho wayefunda ebutsheni bakhe.

Umsebenzi lokugqibela izazinzulu waba uhlelo multi-umthamo izifundo zakhe kwabafundi. Ukufundisa wabonisa ukuba kwinkalo ethe bachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo uKarl Linney. Igalelo biology (gqaba wayesazi ngayo wonke umntu ofundileyo xa lilonke a semvelo) wenza igama lakhe ezininzi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo eYurophu.

anika umdla

Ukongezelela umphandi walo ongundoqo ishishini naye wazinikela yokuhlela amavumba. Waqala inkqubo lakhe amavumba ezisixhenxe ezikhulu ezifana cloves, must kunye t. D. Anders Tselsy, waba isikali uMdali odumileyo, washiya izixhobo, eyabonisa izidanga 100 kwi qhwa amanzi. Zero, ngokuchasene noko, kwakuthetha ithumba. Linnaeus, ngubani wayedla ngokusebenzisa isikali kucingwa ukuba loo nzinyana ukhetho. Yena "Wajika" kuye. Kule fomu kwisikali ukhona namhlanje. Ngoko ke, igalelo Karla Linneya kuphuhliso eziphilayo - ayikho into kuphela nzulu esidumileyo.