Ibhomu le-nyukliya kunye nembali yalo

Ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ibhomu le-nyukliya lingaqulunqwa, ihlabathi liyakuthi lilwe kunye. Ndiyabulela ekudalweni kwesi sixhobo esinoyiko, uluntu ngexesha elifanayo likhuselekile ngokwabo kwimpikiswano emikhulu yempi, kwaye linike ithuba lokuzibulala.

Uphuhliso lwalo mhlaba lwaqalisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokufunyanwa kwimeko yokukholisa i- nyukliya. Emva koko, akukho nanye isayense inokucinga ukuba yintoni eyenziwa ngokutsha komshini womkhosi. Kodwa umyalelo wokudala isikhali se-nyukliya yanikelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokucacileyo. Iingcali zenzululwazi, ngokuqinisekileyo, azizange zilinde ukuthetha kakhulu, ngoko ziza kusebenza.

Kwaye kwanyuka ngokukhawuleza-okokuqala ukusebenza kweekrakrikhi zenyukliya kwaqaliswa ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kubekho omtsha, ngo-1943, unyaka. Kwenzeke e-US, kwaye kungekhona kwiJamani yaseJamani, uhulumeni wayo, ngendlela, wabona ukulwa kwayo kwimfazwe e-halo yezinto ezinqabileyo ngelo xesha, njenge-explosion nyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, abaxhasayo bakaHitler abazange baphumelele ekuzaliseni izicwangciso zabo: izazinzulu zaseJamani zazingenayo imfuno efunekayo yokuvelisa i-uranium, ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-reactor. Ukunqongophala kwafunyanwa inyanga kunye nesiqingatha ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kukaMeyi, oku kuthetha ukuba iinjineli aziyi kuba nexesha lokuvelisa amafutha ngaphantsi kweemeko. Ekugqibeleni, izazinzulu zaseJamani, kunye ne-reactor, zashiya iUnited States, apho zaqhubeka khona zophando zazo, kodwa sele ziphantsi kolawulo lweenkonzo ezizodwa zendawo.

Sekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 1945, ibhomu le-nyukliya yachithwa kwisixeko saseJapan saseHiroshima. Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva, "isipho" esifanayo esivela eUnited States kunye nesixeko saseNagasaki. Ngenxa yokuqhuma kunye nempembelelo yombane, amawaka angamawaka amavili afa waza wafa. Phantse bonke abasindileyo bahlala bekhubazekile. Kungekudala iTokyo yahlutha, kwaye uluntu lwabantu luye lwacingisisa ngokucetyiswa kokusebenzisa izixhobo zolu hlobo.

Ngaphambi kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ibhomu le-nyukliya yayingasetyenziselwa injongo yalo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka engama-20 eyalandelayo, amandla enyukliya enjongo zokuvavanya aqhuma njengeemfemninzi ezinokuthi zanele ngokweenkcubeko eziliqela. I-apotheosis yolu khuphiswano lwabucala lwabakho ukuqhuma kwe-Oktobha 30, 1961, i-projectile ebizwa ngokuba yi "Tsar bomb". Iimvavanyo zaqhutyelwa kuNoveya Zemlya, kwindawo yokufihla. Umbhobho wokuqhuma wawungama-megatoni angama-58, okulingana nama-6,000 amabhomu aphantsi kwamaMerika eHiroshima. Ukuba babenomkhosi we "Bomb yeTsar" baya ku libala ngelizwe elinjengeJapan.

Ibhokliya yerhasikliya iyincedo, kodwa ngelo xesha, isakhiwo esicetywayo sokucinga. Ukuba yiyona nto inamandla kakhulu, inyanzela ukuba iphile ngoxolo, kodwa ngeyiphi indleko? Emva koko, ukuba ihlabathi liphunyezwe ngokusombulula ukungalingani, le nto yinto enye, kwaye ukuba ihlabathi linyanzeliswa, kunjalo. Inkqantosi ye-Cold iye yaphela ixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ngoku kude kube ngoku ezininzi iinzululwazi zezopolitiko kunye neembali-mlando zempi azibandakanyi ukuba kukho imfazwe emitsha yempi, ngexesha apho amandla enyukliya asebenzisa izixhobo zawo eziphambili, kunye nehlabathi ekuqondeni kwayo kwangoku kuya kupheliswa. Kodwa oku, kunjalo, yinto nje kuphela.