Isakhiwo sengqondo yomntu

Akukhona kuphela ugqirha wengcali, kodwa wonke umntu ofundayo uncedo ukwazi ulwazi oluyisiseko malunga nesakhiwo sengqondo. Ingqondo, iipropthi zayo kunye nokuphila kwindlela ezininzi zihlala ziyimfihlakalo yesayensi yanamhlanje. Icandelo elikhulu kumachiza linikezelwe ekufundeni kwengqondo.

Ulwahlulo lwengqondo

Kubaqalayo ukuba bafunde isakhiwo seengqondo kubalulekile ukuba bazi ukuba kukho izigaba ezinhlanu ezisisiseko: phakathi, oblong, obol, emva kwesithuba, esiphakathi, kwisigxina. Isakhiwo se-midbrain, isithuba esiphambili kunye nesifuba sinempawu ezininzi ezifana neentambo zomgogodla. La masebe aneemvalo zokunxibelelana kunye nezitho zangaphakathi, izihlunu, ulusu kwaye zihlangene nexesha eliqhelekileyo lezesayensi "inxalenye yengqondo". Le nxalenye iphinda ibhekiswe njengengqondo ephakathi.

Isixhobo sokuphefumula kwengqondo, kwaye ngokukodwa i-hemispheres, sineenkalo ezibalulekileyo ukusuka kumacandelo engxenyeni ye-trunk. Ukuqokelelwa kweeseli zesisombululo kufinyelela apha kwinombolo 109. Le nombolo enkulu ye-neurons ikhona kwiindawo eziliqela. Eguqulwe ngenxa yesigxina kunye nentetho, ingqondo yomntu iyona nto iqhutywe kuyo yonke into ekhona emhlabeni. I-hemispheres yeBongo - ngokwenene, i-substrate yezinto ezibonakalayo ezenza umsebenzi ophezulu weentlanzi.

Iikhonkco zengqondo

Ukufunda isakhiwo sengqondo, awukwazi ukuphoswa kwigobolondo. Ingqondo, njengentambo yomthambo, ijikelezwe iigobolondo ezi-3: ngaphakathi, phakathi nangaphandle.

I-membrane yangaphakathi (ithambileyo) ngokukhawuleza isondele kwintliziyo kwaye iphinda iphinde iphinde ihlaziye. Kwiimvumba zengqondo zikhona iiplexuses zemithambo yegazi ezivelisa ukukhusela i- cerebrospinal fluid.

Igoboliti ephakathi (i-arachnoid), ayinayo i-groove kwimigxobhozo, kodwa ihamba phakathi kwe-convolutions, eyenza izikhala (imithombo) apho i-cerebrospinal fluid ihamba khona.

Igobolondo yangaphandle (iqinile) ineenkqubo ezikhethekileyo (eziphambili), ezikhoyo phakathi kwendawo yengqondo kwaye zikhusela ukusuka kwingqungquthela. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yintsika ye-cortex ye-cerebral, exhomekeke kwidonga elide phakathi kwee-hemispheres, kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo, i-hamlet ye-cerebellum eyahlula i-cerebellum kunye ne-hemispheres. Kwigobolongo elingaphandle kukho izono (izithuba ezikhethekileyo, apho kuphuma khona i-blood flow venous). Iimpazamo eziphambili zi-sagittal (ezantsi nephezulu), ezihambayo (ekunene nakwesobunxele), sigmoid (ngasekunene nakwesobunxele) kunye ne-sine ngqo. Umsebenzi wokunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo uqhutyelwa ngamathambo e-vertebral yangaphakathi kunye neerarodid. Baye benza isangqa soguquko, esisezantsi kwengqondo.

Ukutyunjwa kwe-cortex ye-cerebral

Ukufunda ubuchopho bomntu, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi, siyabona ukuba ezi okanye ezo ziko ze-cortex ye-cerebral zinxulumene ngqo neenkqubo ezithile zomzimba. Iingcaphephe kwizilwanyana ziye zabonisa ukuba amaziko awanalo ukucaca okucacileyo. Ngexesha lovavanyo, inxalenye ethile ye-cortex ye-cerebral yachithwa, eyona nto yayingumsebenzi wezenzo ezithile. Ngelo xesha, imifanekiso yayivame ukubonwa xa enye inxalenye ye-cortex ye-cerebral yathatha umsebenzi wokutshatyalaliswa. Le propati inxulumene nenqanaba eliphezulu le-plasticity ye-cortex ye-cerebral. Ngoko ke, ezininzi izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka ziphika loo nto "amaziko". Ngokuqhelekileyo, isayensi yanamhlanje iyaqonda ukuba iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-cortex zinenjongo eyahlukileyo, kodwa ukuhlukana okuqinileyo akukho phakathi kwabo. Amaziko kule mimandla ngamaqela okuhlalutya ama-kernels. Kwiindawo zephaya, iiseli zenza imisebenzi engaphantsi. Ezinye iindawo ze-cortex zinika ukunyakaza, ulusu kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo, ukukwazi ukuva, ukubona neminye imisebenzi.

Oku kubanzi ngokubanzi isakhiwo sengqondo yomntu.