Umphumelele ... ...

Ngubani ocebileyo? Lo mntu unikezelwa ngumvuzo wesizwe okanye wamazwe ngamazwe. Kule nqaku sibhala izibhengezo ezidumileyo zesibini. Kananjalo unike uluhlu lwamaphuzu okufumana umvuzo, osungulwe ngumlimi weSweden kunye nomphandi uAlfred Nobel.

Injongo yegama elithi "laureate"

Le ngcamango yafika entetho yethu evela kwisiLatin. Ngolwimi lweVil Virgil, lithetha "isithsaba esineengqungquthela." I-laureate yile (ngomgangatho wanamhlanje) umntu onikezelwa umvuzo obalulekileyo weempumelelo kuyo nayiphi na intsimi. KwiRoma yasendulo, le nkcazo yanikwa kuphela izibongo.

I-laureate ayiyena kuphela eyinqoba yembhoso, kodwa nayo iyinqoqo yokhuphiswano. Ukongezelela, eli gama libhekisela kwisihloko sokuhlonipha. Eyona nto ihloniphekileyo kwihlabathi kukuba:

• Umvuzo wePulitzer;
• IiMbali zoMculo zeMVV zeMVV;
• BRIT Awards;
• Grammy;
• BAFTA;
• Umvuzo weNcwadi ;
• Oscar.

Ezi bhaso zenzelwe ukugubha imbeko yabantu bobugcisa. Ngokuphathelele iinzululwazi kunye namanani oluntu, enkulu kunazo zonke zifakwe kwiluhlu lwabadlali bezabelo, eziza kuxutyushwa kamva.

I-Nobel Prize

Imbali yayo yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokugqibela. Unikwa iinkonzo ezivelele kwintsimi yesayensi (physics, chemistry, medicine) kunye neencwadi. Kukho olunye udidi lwebhaso elidumileyo, elibizwa ngokuba yiNobel Peace Prize.

Inkqubo yebhaso iqhutywa rhoqo ngonyaka e-Oslo. Abakhethiweyo banyulwa ngamalungu oorhulumente bamazwe ahlukeneyo, ama-parliament kunye neenkundla zamazwe ngamazwe, ii-rectors zamaziko ahloniphekileyo kunye nabantu abaye banikezelwa ngamabhaso. Ingxowa-mali ekhethekileyo ixanduva lokukhetha ama-laureates, amalungu awo aqeshwe yiPalamente yaseNorway.

Ngokutsho komyalelo we- Alfred Nobel, owamisela ngentando yakhe, abantu ababenegalelo ekuhlanganiseni uxolo bafumana umvuzo woxolo. Phakathi kwababhali bezopolitiko ababalaseleyo banikezela lo mvuzo, uTheodore Roosevelt, uMartin Luther King, noAndrei Sakharov, uLech Walesa, uMikhail Gorbachev, uKofi Annan. Yifumaneke njengomntu ohlukeneyo kunye nomanyano wonke. Ngoko ke, phakathi kwama-benefitors of Nobel ka-2013 kukho inhlangano yokuthintela izixhobo zamakhemikhali. Umanyano wadalwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90. Umsebenzi walo uhlelwe egameni ngokwawo.

I-Nobel Prize kwiNcwadi

Bonke abalobi abanet talente babanikezwa indondo ngomfanekiso ka-Alfred Nobel. Yaye akuyiyo yonke imivuzo yeli bhaso ikwabafundi abathandwayo nabaninzi abanokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungelelanisa kunye nenjongo yeKomidi yeNobel yinkalo ephathelene nesihloko esihluke ngokupheleleyo. Apha siza kubhala uluhlu oluthile lwababhali kunye neebongozi abo amagama abo ahlonipheke kwihlabathi kunye neencwadi zabo ziyaziwayo kuwo wonke umntu ofunda.

Abaphumelele umvuzo kwiincwadi:

• Rudyard Kipling;
• Knut Hamsun;
• Anatole France;
• UBernard Shaw;
• Albert Camus.

UWinston Churchill naye wangena uluhlu lwabaSebenzi beMvuzo kwiNcwadi. Umongameli wezobugqirha wamkela eli bhaso ngenxa yobugcisa obuphezulu benkcazo yezobunzima kunye neembali kunye nezobugcisa obuqilileyo.

Nobel Laureates (USSR)

U-Alexander Solzhenitsyn, uJoseph Brodsky, u-Ivan Bunin, uMikhail Sholokhov, uBoris Pasternak wathabatha umvuzo weencwadi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Iimpumelelo zenzululwazi zaseSoviet ziye zaphawulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo yiKomidi yeNobel. I-USSR kunye neRashiya ngu-Ivan Pavlov, u-Ilya Mechnikov, u- Lev Landau, uPyotr Kapitsa, uVitaly Ginzburg.