I-Informatics: itafile ye nyaniso. Ukwakha itafile zinyaniso

Namhlanje sithethe ngalo mbandela ebizwa inzululwazi. Inyaniso itafile, iindidi kwemisebenzi, indlela uphumezo - ezi imibuzo yethu ezingundoqo siya kuzama ukufumana iimpendulo kwinqaku.

Ngokwesiqhelo le khosi iya kufundiswa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kodwa abafundi abaninzi yintoni unobangela ukungaqondi ezinye iimpawu. Kwaye ukuba uza ukunikela ubomi bam, oko nje akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ngokubeka iimviwo bengatshatanga kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha. Inyaniso itafile, iguqulela amabinzana ezintsonkothileyo, iingxaki izigqibo logic - oko ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke itikiti. Ngoku cinga ngokweenkcukacha esi sihloko kwaye akuncede ufumane iibhola ezininzi uzihlole.

anengqondo zesifundo

Loluphi uhlobo kwisifundo - computer isayensi? Le inyaniso iyidandalazise - indlela yokwakha ngayo? Kutheni isayensi i-logic? Zonke ezi mibuzo, siya kuphendula nawe ngoku.

technology Ulwazi - oko, mntundini, isihloko umdla. Kusenokuba nzima kuluntu namhlanje, kuba yonke into esingqongileyo, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, ezinxulumene ikhompyutha.

Imithetho anengqondo nesayensi ootitshala lesibini esikolweni izifundo zesayensi. iitafile Inyaniso, imisebenzi, amabinzana ucazulule - konke oku kufuneka achaze utitshala yenzululwazi computer. Le isayensi nakanjani ebomini bethu. Khangela ngokusondeleyo, yonke into ngokuxhomekeke kuwo nawuphi na umthetho. Watyala ibhola, labhabha phezulu, kodwa emva koko yawa emva emhlabeni, kwaba ngenxa imithetho physics kunye nemikhosi womxhuzulane. Umama apheke lesuphu kunye wongeze ityuwa. Kutheni xa sithe sadla, musa ukuza ngapha iinkozo thina? Impela nje, ityuwa unyityilikiswa emanzini, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho of chemistry.

Ngoku ingqalelo indlela uthethe.

• "Ukuba ndiza ukuthatha ikati yakho kwikliniki lwezilwanyana, yena ukuba agonywe."
• "Namhlanje Yayiyimini olunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka ujonge."
• "Andifuni ukuya eyunivesithi, ngenxa yokuba namhlanje uya kuba indibano", njalo njalo.

Nantoni nithi, qiniseka ukuba ukuthobela imithetho ekuqiqeni. Oku kusebenza zombini kushishino kunye incoko ngobubele. Kungenxa yeso sizathu ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda imithetho ekuqiqeni, kungekhona ukwenza efunisela, sibe nentembelo ngeziphumo iziganeko.

imisebenzi

Ukuze wenze netafile inyaniso kuba umsebenzi ocetywayo kufuneka ukwazi imisebenzi logic. Yintoni na? umsebenzi Logic na ezinye izinto, ezo iingxelo (yinyaniso okanye bubuxoki), kwaye ixabiso lomsebenzi ngokwawo kufuneka sinike impendulo yalo mbuzo: ". Eli binzana kuyinyaniso okanye bubuxoki"

Zonke mabinzana babe zithethe zixabisekileyo zilandelayo:

• Yinyaniso okanye bubuxoki.
• T okanye F.
• 1 okanye 0.
• Iphawu lokwengeza okanye lokucutha.

Apha, ukunika ukhetha indlela kube lula ngakumbi kuwe. Ukuze wenze itafile inyaniso, kufuneka senze uluhlu wezinto zonke lwendibaniso nesebenzayo. Inani labo ibalwa yi wokubala: 2 ukuya bamandla n. Isiphumo yokubala - inani lwendibaniso ye n eziguquguqukayo kwifomula kunokwenzeka kubonisa inani variables kule meko. Ukuba nkulumo iye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ungasebenzisa i wokubala for ngokwakho okanye wenze itafile encinane ulwakhiwo ababini ukuya emandleni.

Yonke imisebenzi logic asixhenxe okanye imixokelelwane edibanisa athi:

• Multiplication (beqhuba).
• Ukudibanisa (disjunction).
• Eliphezulu (okubandakanya).
• Into elinganayo.
• Inversion.
• Sheffer stroke.
• Arrow Pierce.

Umsebenzi wokuqala, emelwe kuluhlu, ubizwa ngokuba "phindo olucwangcisiweyo." Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ngokwegrafu ngohlobo kukho uphawu zocaphulo, iimpawu & okanye *. Inyathelo lesibini kuluhlu lwethu - Ukongeza ubhalo, ngokwegrafu esiboniswa uphawu +. Ingongoma yoko ubhalo, kubonisa ngoku lokwalatha Utolo kwiimeko ngophando. Ukulingana luchazwa ngu utolo endlela-mbini, umsebenzi unalo ixabiso lokwenyaniso kuphela kwiimeko lwekhowudi amaxabiso omabini angu thatha ixabiso "1" okanye "0". Inversion i kuphika esengqiqweni. Sheffer stroke umsebenzi kuthiwa, leyo omkhanyelayo isihlanganisi okomqondo okanye - umsebenzi, uchasene disjunction.

imisebenzi Basic binary

Ukuyondelelaniswa inyaniso iyidandalazise kunceda ukuze ufumane impendulo le ngxaki, kodwa kufuneka ukhumbule etafileni imisebenzi yokubini. Kweli candelo, baya kunikwa.

Beqhuba (uphinda-phindo). Ukuba nkulumo ayinyaniso, isiphumo siya ukufumana inyaniso, kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko sifumana bubuxoki.

Kubonakala ngathi itafile, uyazi, ngoko akukho mfuneko ukwazisa zonke fomyula. Kulo mfanekiso ungentla uyakwazi ukubona kwezinye iimeko, umphumo ilingana omnye.

Isiphumo - balala Ukongeza esisengqiqweni kuphela kwimeko amagalelo lobuxoki ezimbini.

Umphumela onengqondo yoko lobuxoki kuphela xa imeko kuyinyaniso, njengesiphumo - ubuxoki. Unako ukunika umzekelo: "Ndandifuna ukuthenga iswekile, kodwa ivenkile lavalwa," ngoko, iswekile kunye hayi wayithenga.

Ukulingana liyinyaniso kuphela kwimeko amaxabiso igalelo ezifanayo. Oko kukuthi, xa izibini "0, 0" okanye "1, 1".

Kwimeko inversion yonke sabaqalayo, ukuba igalelo siyindlela inyaniso, ke atshintshelwe ababuxoki, yaye vice versa. Kulo mfanekiso ungabona kokuba kuboniswe ngayo ngokwegrafu.

Schiffer bar output uya kuba result lobuxoki kuphela xa kukho amabinzana amabini ngokwenene.

Kwimeko umsebenzi ubhalo kungayi kuba yinyaniso kuphela kwimeko ukuba igalelo siye kuphela amabinzana bobuxoki.

Ziziphi Ukuze ukwenza imisebenzi ubhalo

Qaphela ukuba ulwakhiwo iitafile inyaniso lula amabinzana kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo imisebenzi. Khumbula ulandelelwano apho kufuneka wenziwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana isiphumo echanekileyo.

• kuphika enengqondo;
• ukuphindaphinda;
• Ngaphezu;
• uphando;
• ukulingana;
• ukwalela phindo (Sheffer stroke);
• ukwalela Ukongeza (arrow Pierce).

umzekelo №1

Ngoku Sicebisa ukuba siqwalasele umzekelo ngolwakhiwo itafile inyaniso ngenxa variables-4. Kufuneka wazi apho amatyala F = 0 kule nxaki: Nea + B + C * D

Impendulo kulo msebenzi uya kuba ukutshintshwa imixube zilandelayo: "1, 0, 0, 0", "1, 0, 0, 1" kunye "1, 0, 1, 0". Njengoko ubona, netafile kakhulu nje inyaniso. Kwakhona ndingathanda ukutsalela ingqalelo yakho ngokomyalelo iintshukumo. Kwimeko ezithile, kwaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Le inversion ye ibinzana lokuqala ezilula.
2. Isihlanganisi le amabinzana yesithathu neyesine.
3. Disjunction ibinzana yesibini kunye neziphumo calculator.

umzekelo №2

Ngoku sijonga komnye umsebenzi efuna ukwakhiwa itafile inyaniso. Computing (Imizekelo wathathwa zifundo) ukuze iingxaki ubhalo njengereferensi. A ngamafuphi omnye kubo. Yenza Vanya netyala yeba ibhola, ukuba wazi oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba Vanya akazange ngebe okanye ubusela uPetros, ngoko Sergei inxaxheba kule ubusela.
• Ukuba Ivan ayikho unetyala, yaye Sergei akazange ebe ibhola.

Thina bangangenisa ngobhalo: I - Ivan weba ibhola; P - Peter weba; C - Sergei weba.

Phantsi kwezi meko, sinako ukwenza inxaki: F = ((Nei + R) Ingongoma C) * (Nei Ingongoma HEC). kufuneka ezo iinketho, apho umsebenzi kuthatha ixabiso eziyinyaniso. Okulandelayo, ukudala itafile, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi wenziwa njengoko 7 inyathelo, iya zisalelayo. Siya kwenziwa kuphela yi-data igalelo kunye neziphumo.

Qaphela ukuba le ngxaki esinayo, endaweni "0" iisimboli kunye "1" esebenzisa i plus kunye thabatha. Kwakhona eyamkelekileyo. Sinomdla idibanise, apho F = +. Emva kokuhlalutya kubo, sinako ukuzoba kwisigqibo ilandelayo: Vanya inxaxheba ukubiwa ibhola, njengoko kuzo zonke iimeko apho F uthatha ixabiso +, kwaye ibe lixabiso elingqinelanayo.

umzekelo №3

Ngoku sinikela kuwe ukufumana inani lwendibaniso xa F = 1. Inxaki yile ilandelayo: F = Nea + B * A + Neuve. A itheyibhile inyaniso:

A: 4 indibanisela.